ESS Accelerator and Target – Enabling discovery

Mats Lindroos

Head of Accelerator

Christine Darve

Deputy WP leader SRF accelerator

www.europeanspallationsource.se Lund 18 September 2014

Headline

• The ESS project

• Accelerator

• Target

• Is there any role for regional actors?

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Helicopter view of ESS

Protons

Target Moderator

NEUTRONS

ESS – Neutron sources for research

4

Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron

350 mCi Ra-Be source

Chadwick

1930 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

105

1010

1015

1020

1

ISIS

Pulsed Sources

ZINP-P

ZINP-P/

KENS WNR IPNS

ILL

X-10

CP-2

Steady State Sources

HFBR

HFIR NRU MTR NRX

CP-1

1940 1950 1960

Effe

ctiv

e th

erm

al n

eutr

on fl

ux n

/cm

2 -s

(Updated from Neutron Scattering, K. Skold and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986)

FRM-II SINQ

SNS ESS

High power accelerator around the world

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Road to realizing the world’s leading facility for research using neutrons

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2014 Construction work starts on the site

2009 Decision: ESS will be built in Lund

2025 ESS construction complete

2003 First European design effort of ESS completed

2012 ESS Design Update phase complete

2019 First neutrons on instruments

2023 ESS starts user program

Top-Level ESS Project Schedule

Collaborative projects

• ESS is an emerging research laboratory with (still) very limited capacity in-house

• Two possibilities:

• Limit the scope of the project so that it can be done with in-house resources

• Work in a collaboration where the scope of the project can be set by the total capacity (distributed) of the partners

• The accelerator part of the project well suited for this as this community has a strong tradition of open collaboration (XFEL, FAIR, European commission framework programs and design studies, LHC,...)

• To keep cost down and to optimize schedule this requires that investments in required infrastructure is done at the partner with best capacity to deliver

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Science institutions involved in the design & construction of ESS

John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, London and Oxford Laval University, Canada

Maribor University, Slovenia National Centre for Nuclear Research, Poland

Oslo University Rostock University

Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge Stockholm University

Techical University of Darmstadt Nuclear Physics Institute Of The Ascr

Czech Technical University, Prague Aarhus University

University Of Copenhagen University Of Southern Danmark

Technical University Of Danmark - Dtu Institut Laue-Langevin - Ill

Llb (Laboratoire Léon Brillouin) Helmholtz-Zentrum, Berlin

Helmholtz-Zentrum, Geesthacht Technical University, Munich

Forschungszentrum, Jülich Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste

Università Di Perugia Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche

Delft University Of Technology Institute For Energy Technology, Ife

Linköping University Mid Sweden University

Epfl | École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne Paul Scherrer Institute, Psi

Aarhus University CEA Saclay, Paris CNRS Orsay, Paris ESS Bilbao INFN, Catania Lund University Uppsala University Accelerator Science and Technology Centre, Daresbury and Oxford CERN, Geneva Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury DESY, Hamburg ESS Bilbao Fermi National Laboratory, Chicago

Fractality and entanglement

TTC@DESY - C. Darve - 24/03/14

New Collaborations to Empower ?

Accelerator

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What is 5 MegaWatts?

• One beam pulse – has the same energy as a 16 lb

(7.2kg) shot traveling at • 1100 km/hour • Mach 0.93

– has the same energy as a 1000 kg car traveling at 96 km/hour

– happens 14 x per second

• Heat 3100 houses

• You boil 1000 kg of ice in 83 seconds

– A ton of tea!!!

Build and operate a 5 MW SRF linac

Design Drivers: High Average Beam Power 5 MW High Peak Beam Power 125 MW High Availability > 95%

Key parameters: - Pulse length: 2.86 ms - Energy: 2.0 GeV - Peak current: 62.5 mA - Repetition rate: 14 Hz - Protons (H+) - Low losses - Minimize energy use - Flexible design for future upgrades

Spokes Medium β High β DTL MEBT RFQ LEBT Source HEBT & Contingency Target 2.4 m 4.6 m 3.8 m 39 m 56 m 77 m 179 m

75 keV 3.6 MeV 90 MeV 216 MeV 571 MeV 2000 MeV

352.21 MHz 704.42 MHz

SRF section Num. of CMs

Num. of cavities

Spoke 13 26

Medium β (6-cell) 9 36

High β (5-cell) 21 84

Accelerator project collaborations

Sebastien Bousson

Pierre Bosland

Santo Gammino

Søren Pape Møller

Roger Ruber

Ibon Bustinduy

CERN The National Center for Nuclear Research, Swierk

Anders J Johansson

Roger Barlow

ESS SRF Cavity Cryomodules

4 Elliptical Cavities per Cryomodule

2 Spoke Cavities per Cryomodule

Power coupler Cold tuning System Ti. Helium tank

Segmented SRF linac with RT focusing elements

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And not to forget…

Many opportunities for new IK partners!

Main cost contributors

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• Elliptical section provides 95 % of the acceleration energy • Elliptical cryomodules occupy 19 % of the cost (45 CM) • Elliptical section covers 62 % of the linac cost • RF cost distributed over 5 major systems, with 82 % for the elliptical section • Klystrons and modulator cover 80 % of the elliptical RF system cost

ACCSYS update in-kind discussions

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• Potential partners identified for 60 % of the total planned/potential in-kind value. • Planned/potential in-kind is 78 % of accelerator budget. • Many activities start 2014, reflecting the importance of reaching agreements soon.

Håkan Danared, ACCSYS in-kind manager

A complementary initiative based on education: The Baltic Accelerator School

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BAS2015 summer school will be hold in Lund University from August 17 to 21, 2015.

~20 students at levels between the bachelor's and master's degrees.

The objective is to teach the basics of accelerator physics and technology, and to demonstrate for the students that this is an interesting and broad subject, carried out in an international environment. The initiative shall encourage students to pursue a career in accelerator physics and technology.

Another important aspect is to increase visibility of the lively activities in accelerator physics and technology in Lund (MAX IV Laboratory, ESS and Lund University), Aarhus University, Uppsala University, Oslo University and Jyväskylä University.

The aim of the BAS2015 is also to develop a strategic partnership between European universities and to establish a series of biennial summer school following this first edition.

Target

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Functions:

• Convert protons to usable neutrons

• Heat removal

• Confinement and shielding

Unique features:

• Rotating target

• He-cooled W target

• High brightness moderators

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Proton beam window

Moderator and reflector plug Target wheel

Neutron beam extraction

Target drive housing

Neutron beam window

Steel shielding

Monolith liner

Target station converts protons to “slow” neutrons

• Diameter ~ 11 m; Height ~ 8 m • Mass ~ 7000 tonnes (mainly steel)

Target Station includes systems that address nuclear hazards

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~ 130 m long

Accelerator – Target interface

Target monolith, incl. Moderator & Reflector Systems, and Target Systems

Fluid Systems

High bay

Remote Handling Systems

• Remote Handling Systems including hot cells and associated equipment for maintenance and storage of irradiated components

• Target Safety System including credited controls to protect public and environment from radioactive hazard

• Fluid Systems including He and H2O coolant loops, ventilation, filtering, etc.

In-Kind Partners Are Being Sought to Accomplish Target Station Scope

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Is there any role for regional actors?

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Lund University Activities in Accelerator Development for ESS

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• Development of the low level RF system for the ESS linear accelerator.

• Development of prototypes for high power high voltage pulsed modulators.

• Participates in cavity development for normal conducting accelerator.

• Total: 40 MSEK • ESS AB: 27.5 MSEK • Planning test stand for klystrons and high

power modulators. • Cost estimated to be approx. 15 MSEK. LLRF system test bench and prototype.

R&D on High Voltage and High Power Klystron Modulators for the ESS accelerator

An effective collaborative effort in Skåne

ESS has established an innovative R&D program with LTH – Lund University, involving local industry…

… for the design, construction and testing of … a reduced scale technology demonstrator of

… a High Voltage High Power Klystron Modulator rated at … 115 kV (pulse voltage), 2.3 MW (pulse power), 3.5 ms / 14 Hz (pulse length and repetition rate)

Worldwide unique technology, at this power level, requiring new concepts and new construction techniques;

Project development period: From June 2013 to April 2015;

Total budget: 7.2 MSEK; ( 75% spent in Skåne )

35 units will be required for ESS accelerator, with a power rating 5x higher than the reduced scale technology demonstrator

Jun ’13

Design and specifications: - ESS and LTH;

R&D and training of Highly Qualified Personnel: - LTH (3 MSc thesis, 5 Research associate,

1 PhD thesis starting Jan 2015);

Control system hardware : - National Instruments AB, Skåne business

center;

Control system software : - Lund University Innovation System (LUIS) AB;

Construction (Low Voltage part): - AQ Elautomatik AB, in Lund;

From a conceptual design to reality…

Sept ’13 – May ’14

Apr ’14 Aug ’14

- EMC FILTER- MCB

- PRECHARGE CIRCUIT- AUX. POWER SUPPLY

(access from front and/or back)

(PART OF THE SUPPLY)

- LINE CONTACTORS(KAC A,B,C)

- LINE INDUCTORS(Lf R,S,T – A,B,C)- AC/DC ACTIVE

RECTIFIERS (#A,B,C)- DC/DC CONVERTERS

(#A,B,C)- DC INDUCTORS

(Ldc A,B,C)(access from front and/or

back)

(PART OF THE SUPPLY)

- CONTROLLER(NOT PART OF THE SUPPLY)

1500600

~ 6

50

2100

1150

CABINET #2 – INVERTERS

(PART OF THE SUPPLY)

(PART OF THE SUPPLY)

(PART OF THE SUPPLY)

CABINET #1– CAPACITOR CHARGERS(PART OF THE SUPPLY, EXCEPT CONTROLLER)

OIL TANK(NOT PART OF THE SUPPLY)

15006002100

330

OIL TANK(NOT PART OF THE SUPPLY)

(PART OF THE SUPPLY)

(PART OF THE SUPPLY)(PART OF THE SUPPLY)

(PART OF THE SUPPLY)

- CONTROLLER(NOT PART OF THE SUPPLY)

VIEW FROM FRONT

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May ’14

Existing contract: • RF Design and FREIA

SRF Test Facility

FREIA at Uppsala University

Total: 177 MSEK ESS AB: 60 MSEK

Proposed new contract: • Detailed report on spoke cryomodule prototype tests • Spoke cryomodule acceptance tests • Spoke valvebox prototype tests • Contributions to control system • UU personnel working at ESS, Lund

Beam delivery system – Aarhus Universitet

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› Small, bright beam in large aperture › 1 W/m onto components › Hands-on maintenance

• Large beam to compact target/moderator

• 5 MW onto components

• Remote maintenance

Accelerator region Target region

@ shield wall >100 MW/mm2 peak

LANL APT: final design – Aarhus Universitet

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x,y

[arb

. uni

ts]

One pattern cycle

fy / fx = 5:4

ESS Challenges:

› f ~ 40 kHz, Tp-p = 12.5 us

Max(∆x) = 70 mm, max(∆y) = 16 mm, RMS(x-∆x) = 12.6 mm, RMS(y-∆y) = 6.3 mm

20 ms pattern cycle

Beam inside the Target Monolith

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Beam on rotating tungsten target

Proton Beam Instrumentation Plug

Proton Beam WIndow

Collaborations enable discovery!

- The ESS design update:

- A highly collaborative project

- A baseline design based on the most suitable and best technology of today

- Enough time for ESS to recruit skilled staff further design work and for coordination and integration

- The construction stage:

- Partners from Pre-Construction have expressed there intention to continue through Construction

- Discussions under way with additional partners for the construction stage, many new opportunities identified!

- Most procurement will be done by in-kind partners – Swedish ILO office should help to make requests for quotes available for the region

- Procurements done by ESS is always open for all actors – Swedish ILO office should again help!

- The operation and pre-operation stage:

- 140 Meuro annual operation budget from 2023

- Experience shows that 80% goes regionally – If you are active this will be true at ESS as well!

ESS ground Breaking

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Thanks for your attention !

The ESS as a gateway to innovation !

Extra slides

GEO SCIENCE

LIGHTNING

TAILOR MADE

MATERIAL

MEDICINE

SOLAR ENERGY

BIO FUEL

TRANSPORTS

COSMETICS

FUNCTIONAL FOOD

MOBILE PHONES

PACE- MAKERS

IMPLANTS

NEW MATERIALS

EU Horizon 2020 – strategy

ESS: Materials, Life Science and Society

ESS In-kind contributions potential

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Target station € 154M

Accelerator € 510M

NSS/Instruments € 350M

In-kind

Cash

Total construction cost: € 1,84 billion

TTC@DESY - C. Darve - 24/03/14

ESS Control and Command System

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ESS = first sustainable big-science facility

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Renewable CO2 - 120 000 ton/year For 40 years (36 MW / year)

Recyclable CO2 - 15 000 ton/year

Responsible CO2 - 30 000 ton/year

CO2 neutral

10,000 houses to be powered

Modulator Efficiency 90% to >95%

RF Efficiency 43% to >60%

Power Saving from High Beta section 3. MW

Example of Responsible attitude: Choice of IOT Energy Advantage

Heat from collectors can still be recovered

High Efficiency and Minimal Energy Consumption is Mandatory for ESS

Efficiency higher still at low current

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