Department of Criminal JusticeDepartment of Criminal Justice
California State University - BakersfieldCalifornia State University - Bakersfield
CRJU 477CRJU 477
Terrorism TheoryTerrorism Theory
Dr. Abu-Lughod, Reem AliDr. Abu-Lughod, Reem Ali
Theoretical Theoretical PerspectivesPerspectives
Intro:Intro: Demonology Demonology
1.1. Supernatural forcesSupernatural forces
2.2. Religion and the role of ChurchReligion and the role of Church
Classical School of CriminologyClassical School of Criminology
Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy BenthamCesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham Free willFree will Severity of punishmentSeverity of punishment The “cause” of crimeThe “cause” of crime
Bentham
“utilitarianism” theory
Views on pain and pleasure
4 factors to be considered: duration, intensity, certainty/uncertainty, propinquity or remoteness
Today’s shift to focus on policies ands social Today’s shift to focus on policies ands social circumstancescircumstances
The transition to the Positivist School of The transition to the Positivist School of CriminologyCriminology
Going beyond free willGoing beyond free will
The Biological School: Cesare LombrosoThe Biological School: Cesare Lombroso
Modern day perspectivesModern day perspectives
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIMESOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIME
The environment? The environment?
The micro vs. macro structureThe micro vs. macro structure
The Chicago School The Chicago School
Shaw and McKayShaw and McKay
Social disorganization Social disorganization
deteriorated neighborhoods, economically deteriorated neighborhoods, economically disadvantaged, weak social normsdisadvantaged, weak social norms
Differential Association Theory Differential Association Theory
Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950)Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950) Association with others, but how does it take place?Association with others, but how does it take place?
Differential Association and Behaviorism Differential Association and Behaviorism
Aker borrowed from Sutherland and incorporated Aker borrowed from Sutherland and incorporated behaviorbehavior
Operant conditioning Operant conditioning Positive/negative reinforcement Positive/negative reinforcement Modeling othersModeling others
Strain Theory
Robert Merton
Influenced by Emile Durkheim
Anomie and normlessness
Merton (unequal access to attain goals in society). SO WHAT?
5 modes of adaptation
Neutralization TheoryNeutralization Theory
Justification of behaviorJustification of behavior
Sykes and Matza’s 5 techniques (denial)Sykes and Matza’s 5 techniques (denial)
The Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund FreudThe Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund Freud
Id, Ego, SuperegoId, Ego, Superego
Critical Sociological Theories of CrimeCritical Sociological Theories of Crime
Addressing different issues of crimeAddressing different issues of crime
Critical Theory: social justice as a legitimate endCritical Theory: social justice as a legitimate end
Distribution of power in societyDistribution of power in society
How power reflect the role of the CJ systemHow power reflect the role of the CJ system
““conflict” or “radical”conflict” or “radical”
Marxism
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Social Theorist: communism reflection
Marx’s critique of capitalism and its impact on social justice
Argued (after studying capitalism system in Europe) that owners of means of production paid workers poorly and used government to pass laws that prevented reform
One with econ power controlled system
Institutions (churches, schools, etc…) under control of owner class
“false consciousness”
Solution in response to “false consciousness”
Social class and power in society; corporate versus street crimes
GENDER AND JUSTICE
Male versus female subjects
Feminist movements in 1960s
FEMINISM/FEMINIST views
Curran & Renzetti identify 3 ways crime can be perceived from feminist views:
1. LIBERAL FEMINISM and criminology 2 issues: 1) power for accomplishment versus gender
2) behavioral approaches among men and women
The opportunity for women to commit crime
2. RADICAL FEMINIST crim Sexism in a patriarchal society Are we addressing their concerns?
3. SOCIALIST FEM crim
Social class and gender as a disadvantaged status
Social control as a reason for deviance and violence
Feminist perspective as a social movement
INTEGRATED T
Bridging together different T and disciplines
Possible research designs
Social context within which crime exists
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