Samsung eNodeB System Description
Samsung LTE eNodeB
L9CA Card
DU
RRU
CPRI
UAMA Card
Samsung eNodeB: CDU & RRU
Samsung LTE eNodeB
Excellent compatibility and interoperability with other Vendor
High-Performance Modular Structure
Support for Advanced RF and Antenna Solutions
Easy Installation
Naturally Cooling Design
Remote Firmware Downloading
Easy Monitoring Port
Features of Samsung eNodeB
CDU Specs
Category System Capacity
Air Specification TD-LTE
Capacity 2x2 MIMO with CDD 1Carrier/9 Sector
RF Power Per Sector 40W (4 Tx Path)
Backhaul Links 100/1000 Base –T(RJ-45,2 port) 1000 Base SX/LX(SFP,2 ports)
Interface Between CDU and RRU
CPRI 4.1(Optic 4.9Gbps)
Holdover 24 Hrs
Rated Voltage -48V Tolerance: (-40 to -57)
Rated Current –Max. Current in Transmission
period
14.3 A(with Three L9CA Mounted)
Unit Size 434(W)x385(D)x88(H)
Weight 12 kg
Temperature 0 -50 ͦC
CDU External Interfaces
UAMA :Universal Platform Type A Management L9CA: LTE eNB Channel Card Board Assembly A10M: 10MHz Analog GPS Synced Signal 1PPS: 1 Pulse Per Second EDBG: Electrical Debug (for Commissioning) BH 0,1: Backhaul Electrical, BH 2,3: Optical
RRU – Remote Radio Unit Specs
Air Specification TD-LTE
Operating Frequency 2300~2400 MHz
Channel Bandwidth 20 MHz
RF Power per Sector 40 W (4Tx Path)
Interface between CDU and RRU Interface
CPRI
Holdover: 24 hours
Rated Voltage -48 V DC (Tolerance: -40~-57 V)
Rated Current - Max. current in transmission
period: 7.3 A @ -48 V DC
Unit Size (mm) 340(W) × 106(D) × 425(H)
Weight (kg, Max.) 14
Temperature Condition -10~50 °C
Dust and waterproof rating IP65
RRU External Interfaces
eNodeB Connectivity Diagram
Backhaul Cable Connection
CPRI Cable Connection
Summary
Samsung eNodeB has a CDU & RRU CDU consists of 1 UAMA Card and 3 L9CA Cards and CDU has an internal GPS Receiver for synchronization RRU has the 4 Antenna Ports (4Tx/4Rx) RRU Supports RET unit through AISG Port RRU is IP65 certified CPRI cable connects CDU and RRU
Samsung eNodeB Functions
eNodeB Key Functions
• Physical Layer Processing
• Call Processing
• IP Processing
• SON Function
• Easy Operation and Maintenance
Some of the Key functions of Samsung eNodeB are
Physical Layer Processing
OFDMA/SC-FDMA Scheme
Downlink Reference Signal Creation and Transmission
Downlink Synchronization Signal Creation and Transmission
MBSFN Reference Signal Creation and Transmission
Channel Encoding/Decoding
Modulation/Demodulation
Resource Allocation and Scheduling
Link Adaptation
HARQ
Power Control
ICIC
MIMO
The eNodeB transmits/receives data through the radio channel between the EPC and UE. To do so, the eNodeB provides the following functions
Physical Layer Processing
Call Processing
• Periodically transmits, within the cell range being served, system information, i.e., the Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Blocks (SIBs), which are then received by UEs to process calls appropriately
Cell Information Transmission
• When the UE connects to the network, the eNB performs call control and resource allocation required for service. When the UE is released from the network, the eNB collects and releases the allocated resources
Call Control and Air Resource Assignment
• The LTE eNB supports intra-frequency or inter-frequency handover between intra-eNB cells, X2 handover between eNBs, and S1 handover between eNBs, and carries out the signaling and bearer processing functions required for handover.
Handover Processing
• The LTE eNB provides capacity-based and QoS-based admission control for bearer setup requests from the EPC to avoid system overload
Admission Control (AC)
• The eNB carries out the ARQ function for the RLC Acknowledged Mode (AM) only.
RLC ARQ
• The eNB receives QoS Class Identifier (QCI) which has the QoS characteristics of the bearer defined, like Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR), the Maximum Bit Rate (MBR), and the Aggregated Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) from the EPC.
QoS Support
IP Processing
IP QoS : The LTE eNB can provide the backhaul QoS when communicating with the EPC by supporting the
Differentiated Services (DiffServ).
IP Routing : The LTE eNB provides several Ethernet
interfaces and stores in the routing table information
on which Ethernet interface IP packets will be
routed
Ethernet/VLAN Interfacing : The LTE eNB provides
Ethernet interfaces, and supports static link
grouping, Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN), and Ethernet Class of Service
(CoS) functions that comply with IEEE 802.3ad
for Ethernet interfaces.
SON Function
• Initial Physical Cell Identity (PCI) self-configuration
• Initial neighbor information self-configuration
• Initial Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) self-configuration
• Initial Auto SRS pool index configuration
Self-Configuration
• Automatic IP address acquisition
• Automatic OAM connectivity
• SW and configuration data loading
• Automatic S1/X2 setup
• Self-test
Self-Establishment
SON Function
• PCI auto-configuration
• Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) optimization
• Mobility robustness optimization
• Random Access Channel (RACH) optimization
• Energy Saving Management (ESM)
Self-Optimization
3GPP approach for SON (3GPP TS 32.500): ”SON algorithms themselves will not be standardized in 3GPP”
”3GPP standardizes measurements, procedures and open interfaces to support SON”
Physical Cell ID (PCI) Optimization
Design Policy for PCI optimization
PCI should satisfy the collision-free and confusion-free condition.
PCI should be selected such that inter-CRS (Cell-specific Reference Signal) interference is reduced.
When PCI conflict occurs, the PCI of the cell with higher ECGI will be changed.
In 2/4 CRS mode, there are 3 patterns for CRS position
PSS ID =0
α cell
β cell γ cell
PSS ID =1
PSS ID =2
PSS ID =0
α cell
β cell γ cell
PSS ID =1
PSS ID =2
Physical Cell ID (PCI) Optimization
EMS
• Initial PCI Allocation • PCI Reconfiguration
•PCI Conflict Detection •Collect PCI’s used by inner 2-tier
neighbor
eNodeB
PCI’s of different cells near each other should be different
eNB obtains initial PCI allocation from EMS
eNodeB collects PCI’s of 2-tier neighbors
eNB reports conflicts to EMS PCI PCI conflict report
2 tier PCI List
Summary
Samsung eNodeB Supports SON Function for Self-establishment, Self-configuration and Self-Optimization
Physical connection between the eNB and EPC is established through the FE and GE
The user plane protocol stack uses the GTP-User (GTP-U) above the IP whereas the control plane uses the SCTP above the IP
The interface standards between eNodeB and LSM should satisfy the FTP/SNMP interface
eNodeB Hardware
Hardware Structure
eNodeB Internal Structure
Hardware Structure
Board Quantity Description
UADB 1 Universal platform type A Digital Backplane board assembly - UADU’s backboard - Routing signals for traffic, control, clocks, power, etc.
UAMA 1 Universal platform type A Management board Assembly - Main processor in the system - Resource allocation/operation and maintenance - Alarm collection and report to LSM - Backhaul support (GE/FE) - UADU FAN alarm handling - Rectifier or External monitoring Connector - Provides User Defined Ethernet (UDE) and User Defined Alarm (UDA) - Generates and supplies GPS clocks
L9CA 1 LTE eNB Channel card board Assembly - Call processing and resource allocation - OFDMA/SC-FDMA Channel Processing - Interface between the L8HU and optic CPRI - Support for optic interface with CPRI L8HU (E/O, O/E conversion in CPRI Mux)
L8HU
Unit Description
L8HU LTE eNB remote radio Head Unit - 2.3 GHz (2,300~2,400MHz) - Supports 20 MHz 4Tx/4Rx per L8HU - Supports up Contiguous 20 MHz 1 carrier/1 sector - 10 W per path (total of 40 W) - Up/Down RF conversion - Low-noise amplifier - RF high-power amplification - Spurious wave suppression outside the bandwidth - Electric-to-Optic (E/O), Optic-to-Electric (O/E) conversion modules for optic communications with UADU - Supporting the Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) function
By default, the L8HU is installed outdoors for natural cooling. The L8HU consists of a 4Tx/4Rx RF chain as an integrated RF unit with a transceiver, power amplifier and filter installed in the single outdoor unit
L8HU External Interface
Interface Description
RET Remote Electrical Tilt (AISG 2.0)
OPT DADU interface, ODCP (LC type)
PWR Power Input (-48 VDC)
CAL Antenna Calibration Port
ANT_0~3 4Tx/4Rx, N-type female Coupling Port
Power Supply
The power for UAMA and L9CAs in the UADU is supplied through the Power Distribution Panel Module (PDPM) and UADB, a backboard. Each board uses the power by converting the -48 VDC provided into the power needed for each part on the board.
Data Traffic Flow
Sending Path
The transmitted user data goes through baseband-level digital processing before being configured for the CPRI, and then E/O converted.
The L8HU does CE conversion for a received optic signal.The converted baseband signal from the broadband is converted into an analog signal and sent through the high-power amplifier, filter and antenna
Data Traffic Flow Receiving Path
The RF signal received by the antenna goes through the L8HU filter and low-noise amplification by the LNA. The RF down-conversion and the digital down-conversion are carried out for this signal, and the signal is then converted to a baseband signal. It is configured for the CPRI, and goes through the E-O conversion again. The converted signal is transmitted to the UADU that is located remotely through an optic cable. The data for which the SC-FDMA signal processing is carried out in the UADU is converted to the Gigabit Ethernet frame and transmitted from the UADU to the EPC via the GE/FE.
Network Synchronization Flow
GPS is used for system synchronization.
The UCCM is a GPS receiving module in the UADU
It Receives Synchronization Signals from the GPS to generate/distribute clocks.
Alarm Signal Flow Alarms are collected by the UAMA of the UADU, and then reported to the LTE System Manager (LSM).
Alarm Type Remarks Applied Unit
Function Fail Alarm Fault alarm due to software/hardware problems defined as ‘Function Fail’
L9CA
Power Fail Alarm Fault alarm due to power problems L9CA
Deletion Alarm System report alarm due to hardware mount/dismount L9CA
UDA Alarm that the operator wants to provide UAMA
RF Unit Alarm RF unit alarm L8HU
Loading Flow Loading is a process that downloads, from the LSM, software executables, data etc. required by the eNB’s processors and devices to operate.
The eNB’s loading is run during system initialization. Loading can also be run when a
board is mounted on the system,
hardware is reset, or
the high-level system operator restarts a board
On the first system initialization, the eNB is loaded through the LSM. As the loading information is stored in the internal storage
After the first system initialization, it compares the software files and versions of LSM and downloads changed software files
Operation and Maintenance Message Flow
The Operator can view/change the eNB status through the system manager. To do this, the eNB has an SNMP agent through which the LSM operator can run eNB operations and maintenance remotely.
The Operator can also perform Web-EMT-based maintenance activities using the web browser in the console terminal or through the CLI using telnet/SSH access.
The Statistical information provided by the eNB is given to the operator in accordance with the collection interval
CLI
The CLI can be used for eNB operations and maintenance. The operator can log onto the eNB via telnet over the PC and perform operations/maintenance via the text-based CLI.
• Loading: The CLI loads programs required by the eNB. It can initialize the eNB normally without working with the LSM, and load specific devices selectively. The CLI can also reset or restart the boards
• Configurations Management : The CLI can run Man-Machine Commands (MMC) to view or change the eNB’s configurations
• Status Management: The CLI manages statuses of the eNB’s processor and various devices
• Fault Management: The CLI checks the possibility of faults in the eNB’s processor and various devices, and provides the operator with fault locations and details. The CLI displays both hardware and software faults, so the operator can check all failures that occur in the eNB
• Diagnosis and Test: The CLI can perform diagnosis on connection paths, processors and other devices that the eNB is operating, and detect their faults. The major test functions that the CLI can perform include measuring the sending output and the antenna diagnosis function, etc
The CLI provides the following functions
RET The eNB transmits/received control messages to/from the LSM via the RET controller and the CPRI path of CPRI FPGA. Using this path, the LSM can perform the RET function that controls the antenna’s tilting angle remotely. In addition, for the RET operation, the L8HU provides power to every antenna connected to it.
Basic Software Architecture The LTE eNB software is divided into three parts, kernel space (OS/DD), forwarding space (NPC and NP), and user space (MW, IPRS, CPS and OAM)
LSMR Interfaces
LSMR Connects to NMS/OSS from Northbound interfaces
LSMR Connects to eNodeB, Smart Scheduler, MCE at its Southbound interfaces
The interfaces connect with other elements via common Data Cloud
The various types of traffics separated by using VLANs
OAM VLAN cloud interfaces with LSMR
Data Cloud
Data Cloud
PORT - 0 PORT - 4
PORT - 1 PORT - 5
OSS Elements
Southbound Interfaces
Northbound Interfaces
RJIL Network Topology
Summary
Samsung eNodeB has 4 boards UADU, UAMA, L9CA and L8HU
UADU board Routs signals for traffic, control, clock and Power
UAMA is Main processor in the system. It handles Resource allocation, operation and maintenance
L9CA Card do OFDMA/SC-FDMA Channel Processing, E/O, O/E conversion for CPRI Interfacing
L8HU do Up/Down RF conversion, Low Noise Amplification, RF Power Amplification and TD-LTE Switching
eNodeB is managed through LSM-R
Quiz
Electrical to optical conversion in CDU is done by
• L9CA
• UAMA
_____ Protocol is used to manage Network Elements
• SCTP
• SNMP
• UDP
TDD Switching for TD-LTE is done at
• eNodeB
• MME
• P-GW
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