CSD 2230HUMAN COMMUNICATION
DISORDERSTopic 3
Introductory Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech, Voice
and Auditory SystemThe Laryngeal and Articulatory/Resonating
SystemsSpeech Production Process
The Laryngeal SystemFunctions:
1. Biological Prevents foreign
objects from entering the trachea
Coughing2. Speech
voicing
Structural Support
1. Hyoid bone2. Thyroid cartilage3. Cricoid cartilage4. Arytenoid
cartilages5. Epiglottis
Structural Support
Vocal Folds
Points of attachment: Thyroid cartilage Artenoid cartilages
Vocal Folds and Their Points of Attachment
Thyroid Arytenoid Glottis CD ROM demo
12.01 and 12.05
Muscles of the Larynx
A number of muscles that assist in the movement of the vocal folds and larynx
Three groups
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
These muscles have one point of attachment on some structure of the larynx and another point of attachment on structure outside the larynx
Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx
These muscles have both points of attachment within the larynx
Muscles of abduction
Muscles of adduction
Tensor muscles
Supplemental Muscles of the Larynx
These muscles have one point of attachment on the hyoid bone and course either above or below
1. Suprahyoid• Work to raise the larynx
2. Infrahyoid• Work to drop the larynx
Some Major Laryngeal Muscles
Posterior cricoarytenoid Intrinsic laryngeal
muscle Only muscle that
abducts the fold
Some Major Laryngeal Muscles
Lateral cricoarytenoid and Interarytenoids Intrinsic laryngeal
muscles muscles that
adduct the folds
Some Major Laryngeal Muscles
Thyroarytenoid and Cricothyriod Intrinsic laryngeal
muscles muscles that
tense the larynx
The Articulatory/Resonating
System
Divisions of the vocal tract
1. The pharyngeal cavity2. The oral cavity3. The nasal cavity
The Skull
Structural support system
Major Landmarks of the Skull for Speech
Major landmarks include: Maxilla, mandible, zygomatic bone and
arch, temporomandibular joint, temporal bone, and mastoid
Important Structures of the Vocal Tract
Teeth 16 pairs for 32
total Imbedded within
the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla
Think about /f/ and /th/
Important Structures of the vocal Tract
Hard palate Maxilla Think about /t/
and /s/
Important Structures of the Vocal Tract
Velum Soft tissue Think about /k/ and /g/ Biological purpose of
the velum is to separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
CD ROM demos11.07 and 11.08
Model of the Biological Function of the Velum
Hard and Soft Palates
Hard palate Soft palate (velum)
Important Structures of the Vocal Tract
The tongueA number of extrinsic
and intrinsic musles make up the tongue
Major Muscles of the Tongue
Responsible for moving the tongue around in the oral cavity
Life-Span Issues of the Articulatory/Resonating
System1. Skull
Size Number of separate plates Fusing of plates
2. Lower bones of the face3. Tongue and lips
Speech Production Process
1. Vibration of the vocal folds• The glottal source
2. Modification of the glottal source by the vocal tract
Phonation
Folds are adducted by contraction of the intrinsic larygeal adductors
Glottis closes
Phonation
Subglottic pressure increases
Phonation1. Subglottic pressure
reaches a critical level and blows the vocal folds apart
2. Air rushing through the glottis causes negative pressure that helps pull the folds back together• Bernoulli Effect
Important Characteristics of the Glottal Source
1. Fundamental Frequency Rate of vocal fold vibration Determines the pitch of the voice
2. Spectrum 3. CD ROM demos
12.06 and 12.08
Spectrum of the Glottal Source
Articulatory Classification System
Top Related