Concept Map 2: controlling BSL
Terms: blood glucose (increase, decrease), hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glucagon, insulin, type 1 diabetes, ineffective insulin, inadequate insulin, type 2 diabetes, glycogen
Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms.
Blood Sugar Level
Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia
Glucagon releasedInadequate insulin
Ineffective insulin
DM Type 1DM Type 2
Release liver glycogen
Bloodglucose
Concept Map: Controlling BSL
Insulin released
Blood glucose
Blood glucose
Question of the DayYou have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein?a. Convert it to glycogenb. Convert it to storage proteinc. Make it into fatd. Excrete in the urinee. Store it as ATP
Question of the DayYou have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein?a. Convert it to glycogen…Already
met glucose needb. Convert it to protein...Protein is
NOT storedc. Make it into fat…Exactly what
happens!d. Excrete in the urine...Only the N
is excretede. Store as ATP…Store as fat, make
ATP as needed
Vegetarian VariationsLacto Ovo No animal flesh
Includes dairy/eggs…can be hi fat!
Vegan……No animal flesh or by-products Fruits, veggies, grains, nuts, beans, seedsCommon, BUT typically not a diet of choice
Macrobiotic, Pescetarian, Frutarian… etc.!
No cholesterolLow saturated fatHigh fiberPhytochemical richRelatively inexpensiveHigh nutrient, low Calorie densitySmart choice environmentally and for
personal health
Vegan Diet: Health Advantages
Iron and ZincBeans, whole grains, fortified foods
Vitamin B-12Fortified food, supps*
Vitamin DFortified soy, sun, supps
Calciumbeans, most tofu, leafy greens, fort. foods
Vegan: Special diet concerns
Iron and ZincBeans, whole grains, fortified cereals, supps
CalciumFortified foods, beans, most tofu, supps
Vitamin B-12 !!! Fortified food, supps
Vitamin DFortified soy, sun, supps
Vegan: Protein adequacy; not a concern
Dietary Sources of Protein
NutsGrainsLegumes – beans, soy
Animal fleshEggsDairy products
Protein supplements Note: often unneeded easy to overdose
Compare Menus for ProteinMenu #112 oz soy milk2 slices whole wheat bread
1 tbsp jam2 tbsp peanut butterMenu #2Fast food burger (Big Mac type)
Mayo, ketchup, tomato, pickleFries smallSoda 24 oz
Compare Menus for ProteinMenu #112 oz soy milk
122 slices whole wheat bread
8 1 tbsp jam 0
2 tbsp peanut butter 8
Menu #2Fast food burger (Big Mac type)
25Mayo, ketchup, tomato, pickle
0Fries small 3Soda 24 oz 0
Measuring Protein QualityComplete: Essential AA mix = human need
Animal products and soy
Incomplete: Essential AA mix ≠ our needPlant products: grains, nuts, beans, seeds
How do vegans meet their protein needs?
Solution: Protein Complementation• Global standard Grains + Legumes
• Examples◦Rice + beans◦Tofu + rice◦Lentils + barley◦Garbanzos + couscous◦US favorite ??? The PBJ
wheat+peanut
To include animal products or not?
A meat based diet is: tasty relatively cheap $-wise in USexpensive environmentally (can be) costly to your health
Eat more like a vegetarian. What changes can you make?Try a Meatless Monday. Eat less meat than you do currently. Choose 100% pasture fed beef.Buy local, organic meats.Commit to eat a vegan diet for three
days before the end of term.??????
Protein Needs of VegetarianOmnivore = .8 g/Kg (~.4 g/lb) Lacto-Ovo = 1.0 g/Kg (~.5g/lb)Vegan = 1.2 g/Kg (~.6g/lb)Infant 0-1 yr ~ 2g/kg !!!!!Protein deficiency = KwashiorkorProtein deficiency uncommon in US!!
Arable Land: a Finite Resource
90% U.S. agricultural land used for animal production….either as pasture or grain acreage
~Majority of corn/soy grown in US is fed to livestock….
not people
The cost of producing meatLand damage
◦Erosion, overgrazing, deforestationIntensive water use (feed grain/animal)Air/water pollution (manure, antibiotics)Biodiversity ; resistant speciesHeavy demand on fossil fuel
Fossil Fuel Calories Edible Calories
1/3 Cal 1 Cal grain protein2 Cal 1 Cal ready to eat cereal protein1-5 Cal 1 Cal veg protein10-90 Cal 1 Cal animal protein
Top Related