Concept Map 2: controlling BSL

Terms: blood glucose (increase, decrease), hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glucagon, insulin, type 1 diabetes, ineffective insulin, inadequate insulin, type 2 diabetes, glycogen

Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms.

Blood Sugar Level

Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia

Glucagon releasedInadequate insulin

Ineffective insulin

DM Type 1DM Type 2

Release liver glycogen

Bloodglucose

Concept Map: Controlling BSL

Insulin released

Blood glucose

Blood glucose

Question of the DayYou have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein?a. Convert it to glycogenb. Convert it to storage proteinc. Make it into fatd. Excrete in the urinee. Store it as ATP

Question of the DayYou have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein?a. Convert it to glycogen…Already

met glucose needb. Convert it to protein...Protein is

NOT storedc. Make it into fat…Exactly what

happens!d. Excrete in the urine...Only the N

is excretede. Store as ATP…Store as fat, make

ATP as needed

Why Eat Vegetarian?

You tell me.

Vegetarian VariationsLacto Ovo No animal flesh

Includes dairy/eggs…can be hi fat!

Vegan……No animal flesh or by-products Fruits, veggies, grains, nuts, beans, seedsCommon, BUT typically not a diet of choice

Macrobiotic, Pescetarian, Frutarian… etc.!

Question of the Day Think Vegan!

What is the major health advantage/disadvantage of this diet?

No cholesterolLow saturated fatHigh fiberPhytochemical richRelatively inexpensiveHigh nutrient, low Calorie densitySmart choice environmentally and for

personal health

Vegan Diet: Health Advantages

The real Paleo Diet

Iron and ZincBeans, whole grains, fortified foods

Vitamin B-12Fortified food, supps*

Vitamin DFortified soy, sun, supps

Calciumbeans, most tofu, leafy greens, fort. foods

Vegan: Special diet concerns

Iron and ZincBeans, whole grains, fortified cereals, supps

CalciumFortified foods, beans, most tofu, supps

Vitamin B-12 !!! Fortified food, supps

Vitamin DFortified soy, sun, supps

Vegan: Protein adequacy; not a concern

…but, how can I get enough protein if I don’t eat meat???

YesAffirmative!

No problem!!

Of course!!!

What foods groups provide protein?

Dietary Sources of Protein

NutsGrainsLegumes – beans, soy

Animal fleshEggsDairy products

Protein supplements Note: often unneeded easy to overdose

Compare Menus for ProteinMenu #112 oz soy milk2 slices whole wheat bread

1 tbsp jam2 tbsp peanut butterMenu #2Fast food burger (Big Mac type)

Mayo, ketchup, tomato, pickleFries smallSoda 24 oz

Compare Menus for ProteinMenu #112 oz soy milk

122 slices whole wheat bread

8 1 tbsp jam 0

2 tbsp peanut butter 8

Menu #2Fast food burger (Big Mac type)

25Mayo, ketchup, tomato, pickle

0Fries small 3Soda 24 oz 0

Does Protein Quality Matter?

YES!

Measuring Protein QualityComplete: Essential AA mix = human need

Animal products and soy

Incomplete: Essential AA mix ≠ our needPlant products: grains, nuts, beans, seeds

How do vegans meet their protein needs?

Solution: Protein Complementation• Global standard Grains + Legumes

• Examples◦Rice + beans◦Tofu + rice◦Lentils + barley◦Garbanzos + couscous◦US favorite ??? The PBJ

wheat+peanut

Rice and Beans

Corn (grain) and Black Eye Peas

Garbanzos + Wheat (Hummus and Pita)

To include animal products or not?

A meat based diet is: tasty relatively cheap $-wise in USexpensive environmentally (can be) costly to your health

What changes can you make to eat more vegetarian meals?

Eat more like a vegetarian. What changes can you make?Try a Meatless Monday. Eat less meat than you do currently. Choose 100% pasture fed beef.Buy local, organic meats.Commit to eat a vegan diet for three

days before the end of term.??????

Compromise?!Eat vegan ….or like one more often!

Optional slides

Protein Needs of VegetarianOmnivore = .8 g/Kg (~.4 g/lb) Lacto-Ovo = 1.0 g/Kg (~.5g/lb)Vegan = 1.2 g/Kg (~.6g/lb)Infant 0-1 yr ~ 2g/kg !!!!!Protein deficiency = KwashiorkorProtein deficiency uncommon in US!!

Arable Land: a Finite Resource

90% U.S. agricultural land used for animal production….either as pasture or grain acreage

~Majority of corn/soy grown in US is fed to livestock….

not people

The cost of producing meatLand damage

◦Erosion, overgrazing, deforestationIntensive water use (feed grain/animal)Air/water pollution (manure, antibiotics)Biodiversity ; resistant speciesHeavy demand on fossil fuel

Fossil Fuel Calories Edible Calories

1/3 Cal 1 Cal grain protein2 Cal 1 Cal ready to eat cereal protein1-5 Cal 1 Cal veg protein10-90 Cal 1 Cal animal protein

Beef: The ImpactWhat does it take to make a pound burger?

◦~10 pounds of grain (corn and soy)◦~100 pounds of topsoil◦~ 2, 500 gallons water