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The Internet
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Describe how you can use a dial-up connection to access the Internet
Explain how an IP address, a domain name, a URL, and an e-mail address differ
Section PREVIEW
You will be able to:
How the Internet WorksSection A
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The term Cyberspace, a computer-generated world that exists in a hazy realm between reality and imagination, was coined in 1984 by science fiction writer William Gibson.
CyberspaceLAB
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The Internet, which has been evolving for over the past 30 years, is a collection of local, regional, national, and international computer networks linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks.
How the Internet WorksSection A
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The United States created ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency).– to help scientists communicate and share
valuable computer resources– in response to the Soviet Union’s launch of
Sputnik in 1957, the first artificial satellite The ARPANET, created in 1969, connected
computers at four universities.
The Internet Then and Now
How did the Internet get started?
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Connecting two or more networks creates an “internetwork” or “internet.”
The Internet Then and Now
How did the Internet get started?
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Internet Growth
How big is the Internet
The Internet is huge and continues to grow.– size can only be estimated
Internet host - a computer on the Internet that provides services– data routing– e-mail– Web pages
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Internet Growth
How big is the Internet
Internet traffic - the number of bytes transmitted from one Internet host computer to another– exceed 100 terabytes per week in 1997
Michael Dertouzos, director of the MIT Laboratory of Computer Science, estimates that the world has 1 exabyte to store data.
Exabyte - 1 quintillion bytes.
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A network service provider (NSP) maintains a series of communications links for Internet data.– links connect at network access points
(NAPs)– major Internet links are called the Internet
backbone TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) - computer rules used by every computer that connects to the Internet
Internet Technology
How does data travel over the Internet?
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You connect to the Internet by connecting to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) which connects to the Internet backbone.
ISP - company that maintains an Internet host computer– provides Internet access to businesses and
individuals– charges monthly fee– offered over telephone lines, cable TV, or
satellite dish
Internet Service Providers
Do I connect my computer to the Internet backbone?
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Dial-up connection - a connection that uses a phone line to establish a temporary Internet connection
Internet Service Providers
Do I connect my computer to the Internet backbone?
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Every computer that connects to the Internet has a unique number called an IP address.– set of four numbers between 0 and 255– separated by periods
A router examines the IP address and then forwards the data to its destination.
Internet Addresses and Domains
How does the Internet know where to send data?
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Many host computers have an easy-to-remember name which is officially called a fully qualified domain name.– most people call it a domain name
Domain name– typed in lowercase– ends with three letter extension which is its
top-level domain
Internet Addresses and Domains
How does the Internet know where to send data?
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A computer with a domain name is referred to as a site.
Web site - location in a computer somewhere on the Internet.
Internet Addresses and Domains
How does the Internet know where to send data?
Internet Top-level domains
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Web sites are composed of a series of Web pages.– each page stored as a file– referred to by a unique URL
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - an Internet address of a document on a computer– begin with http://
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol - the protocol that allows Web browsers to communicate with Web servers.
URLs
What is the difference between a domain name and a URL?
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Web server - computer with special software for transmitting Web pages over the Internet– domain names prefixed with www
Home page - identifies the site and contains links to other pages at the site
URLs
What is the difference between a domain name and a URL?
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Other Types of Internet Servers
Is the Internet the same as the Web?
The Web is only one of the Internet’s many services.
The Internet also provides– e-mail– file transfers– discussion groups– real-time chat
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Other Types of Internet Servers
Is the Internet the same as the Web?
The Internet also includes FTP servers which maintain files that you can transfer to your own computer.
Usenet servers and IRC servers handle exchange of comments among members in chat groups.
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The Versatile Web BrowserSection B
The Internet
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List Internet services that you can access using a Web browser
Explain the differences between downloading a file, viewing a Web page, and playing multimedia elements on a Web page
Explain how synchronous and asynchronous interactions apply to chat groups, discussion groups, and interactive gaming
Section PREVIEW
You will be able to:
The Versatile Web BrowserSection B
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Web browsers provide Internet users with all-purpose client software for accessing many types of servers.
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The Versatile Web BrowserSection B
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The Web
How does a Web browser display a Web page?
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The World Wide Web, or “the Web” was created in 1990 at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics.
The Web – Internet service that stores and provides
information– easy to use source of graphical information– consists of documents (Web pages) that
contain information on a particular topic
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The Web
How does a Web browser display a Web page?
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A Web page may contain links that point to other Web pages.– makes it easy to follow a thread of related
information You request a Web page from a Web browser by
typing in a URL or clicking a Web page link. The page that displays when your browser first
starts is called the home page
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Web Portals
How do I get on the Web?
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Most computers come with a browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, which is preconfigured to take you to a Web portal.
A Web portal is a Web site that provides a group of popular Web services.– search engines– e-mail accounts– chat rooms– links to shopping, weather, news, and sports
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Popular Web portals include America Online, GO Network, Lycos, and Yahoo
Some portals are maintained by commercial information services.– also serve as ISPs– charge monthly membership fee
Web Portals
How do I get on the Web?
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Internet Multimedia
Can I listen to music and play videos on the Web?
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Web pages now include multimedia elements such as sound, animation, and video.– stored in a file
Streaming media - computer plays a media file while receiving it
In-place multimedia technology - plays a media element as a seamless part of a Web page
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Internet Multimedia
Can I listen to music and play videos on the Web?
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Internet Multimedia
Can I listen to music and play videos on the Web?
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Multimedia overlay technology adds a separate window to your screen for multimedia elements.
Multimedia overlaytechnology
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Internet Multimedia
Can I listen to music and play videos on the Web?
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A software module that provides your computer with the capability to view or play a specific type of file is called a player, plug-in, or viewer.
The Web browser maintains list of media players installed on your computer.– most browsers provide a link to a site where
you can download a necessary player
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File Transfers
Can I get a copy of a picture, sound, or video that I find on the Web?
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Downloading is the process of transferring a file from a remote computer to your computer.
1. Right-click the picture you want to copy.
2. ChooseSave Picture as
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Uploading - the process of sending a copy of a file from your computer to a remote computer
You can upload files using FTP client software, such as WinFTP.
File Transfers
Can I get a copy of a picture, sound, or video that I find on the Web?
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Web Installs
How do I install software that I download from the Internet?
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The Internet is a good source of free software. Most downloadable software is stored as a self-
extracting file, a single file that holds all of the modules for the software.– download sites include instructions for
downloading software
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Web Installs
How do I install software that I download from the Internet?
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You can takeadvantage ofthousands of shareware, freeware, and trial versions of software.
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Internet Interactions
Can I interact directly with other people who are online?
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In addition to e-mail, people can interact on the Internet by joining a discussion group.– takes place asynchronously, meaning
discussion participants are not online at the same time
A chat group is a discussion group which takes place synchronously (participants are online at the same time).
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Internet Interactions
Can I interact directly with other people who are online?
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Multi-player gaming - gives you an opportunity to play with or against, other players all over the Internet
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Web Authoring and Site ManagementSection C
The Internet
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Section C
Explain the purpose of HTML tags and evaluate the effectiveness of a Web page design
Describe how Web sites handle e-commerce
Section PREVIEW
You will be able to:
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In addition to using the Web for information and interaction, you can also publish your own Web pages.
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Web Authoring and Site ManagementSection C
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Using a few tools, you can create a single Web page to an entire Web site.
A full Web site with its own domain name, provides a solid point of presence on the Internet.– ex. http://www.hilfiger.com
Web Publishing
What can I publish?
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HTML tags are instructions that tell a Web browser how to display the text and graphics of a Web page. – set off in angle brackets
• (<B> = begin boldface type)• (</B> = end boldface type)
A basic HTML document has two parts:– head - specifies the title bar information– body - contains information, text, graphics, links
HTML
What is an HTML tag?
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HTML
What is an HTML tag?
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Basic HTML tags
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DHTML (Dynamic HTML) is an additional Web page development tool that allows elements of a Web page to be changed while the page is being viewed.
XML (Extensible Markup Language) allows the Web developer to define customized tags.
Java - a programming language developed specifically for Web applications
ActiveX controls allow Web pages to perform software-like tasks.
HTML
What is an HTML tag?
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In addition to using HTML, Web authoring tools make it much easier to create Web pages.– use word processor-style interfaces– wizards– predesigned templates
Popular Web authoring software includes Microsoft FrontPage and Claris Home Page.– contain tools for managing Web sites
HTML Authoring Tools
Do I have to use HTML?
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Plan your Web page so that it fulfills its purpose. Design a template to unify your pages. Follow basic rules for good Web page design:
– narrow line widths– proofread– use contrasting colors; do not use drab colors– do not use graphic files that exceed 30 KB– use graphics with .jpg or .gif filename extensions– use thumbnails to link to larger version of large
graphics
Web Page Design Tips
How do I make a really great Web page?
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Identify your pages. Include dates. Include navigational elements. Respect the copyright and intellectual property
rights of other Web sites.
Web Page Design Tips
How do I make a really great Web page?
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Test your pages locally. Transfer pages to a Web server.
– look for a site that will host your page Test all links. Update your site to keep it current.
Publishing Your Pages
How do I get my pages on the Internet?
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E-commerce refers to buying products and services by means of the Internet.– online shopping– online auction sites
Like big businesses, individuals can also set up their own e-commerce site.
Many Web hosting services and portal sites offer an e-commerce enabled Web site, which simplifies the process of constructing an online storefront.
Building an E-commerce Site
Can I create my own online shopping site?
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User Focus Connecting to the Internet
The Internet
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To access the Internet from your home computer, you must use an Internet service provider.
User Focus Connecting to the Internet
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User Focus
Locate an Internet Service Provider
Who will provide me with an Internet connection, and how much will it cost?
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) connects you to the Internet by providing you with a user account on a host computer that has access to the Internet.
Internet connections are also available through commercial information services, such as AT&T WorldNet and America Online, and some cable TV companies.– charge $10 - $40 per month
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User Focus
Most people use a telephone line to access the Internet.– can also use cable, cellular phone, or personal
satellite dish You need a computer, modem, and telephone
line.
Set Up Equipment
What special equipment do I need to access the Internet?
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Connection speed is the maximum speed that your modem can communicate with the ISP’s modem.
Transfer rate is the speed at which you can send or receive data.
Set Up Equipment
What special equipment do I need to access the Internet?
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Install Software
Where do I get the software I need?
Internet communications software allows your computer to transmit and receive data using TCP/IP communications protocol.– two versions of TCP/IP are:
• SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)• PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
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