Computer Concepts 4th Edition Parsons/Oja CHAPTER 8 Page 344 How the Internet Works Section A The...

Computer Concepts 4th EditionParsons/Oja

CHAPTER

8

Page 344

How the Internet WorksSection A

The Internet


Section D

Chapter

8

Page 344

Section A

Describe how you can use a dial-up connection to access the Internet

Explain how an IP address, a domain name, a URL, and an e-mail address differ

Section PREVIEW

You will be able to:



Chapter

8

45

Section A

The term Cyberspace, a computer-generated world that exists in a hazy realm between reality and imagination, was coined in 1984 by science fiction writer William Gibson.

CyberspaceLAB


Chapter

8

Page 346

Section A

The Internet, which has been evolving for over the past 30 years, is a collection of local, regional, national, and international computer networks linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks.



Chapter

8

Page 346

Section A

The United States created ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency).– to help scientists communicate and share

valuable computer resources– in response to the Soviet Union’s launch of

Sputnik in 1957, the first artificial satellite The ARPANET, created in 1969, connected

computers at four universities.

The Internet Then and Now

How did the Internet get started?


Chapter

8

Page 346

Section A

Connecting two or more networks creates an “internetwork” or “internet.”

The Internet Then and Now

How did the Internet get started?


Chapter

8

Page 347

Section A

Internet Growth

How big is the Internet

The Internet is huge and continues to grow.– size can only be estimated

Internet host - a computer on the Internet that provides services– data routing– e-mail– Web pages


Chapter

8

Page 347

Section A

Internet Growth

How big is the Internet

Internet traffic - the number of bytes transmitted from one Internet host computer to another– exceed 100 terabytes per week in 1997

Michael Dertouzos, director of the MIT Laboratory of Computer Science, estimates that the world has 1 exabyte to store data.

Exabyte - 1 quintillion bytes.


Chapter

8

Page 348

Section A

A network service provider (NSP) maintains a series of communications links for Internet data.– links connect at network access points

(NAPs)– major Internet links are called the Internet

backbone TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol) - computer rules used by every computer that connects to the Internet

Internet Technology

How does data travel over the Internet?


Chapter

8

Page 349

Section A

You connect to the Internet by connecting to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) which connects to the Internet backbone.

ISP - company that maintains an Internet host computer– provides Internet access to businesses and

individuals– charges monthly fee– offered over telephone lines, cable TV, or

satellite dish

Internet Service Providers

Do I connect my computer to the Internet backbone?


Chapter

8

Page 349

Section A

Dial-up connection - a connection that uses a phone line to establish a temporary Internet connection

Internet Service Providers

Do I connect my computer to the Internet backbone?


Chapter

8

Page 350

Section A

Every computer that connects to the Internet has a unique number called an IP address.– set of four numbers between 0 and 255– separated by periods

A router examines the IP address and then forwards the data to its destination.

Internet Addresses and Domains

How does the Internet know where to send data?


Chapter

8

Page 350

Section A

Many host computers have an easy-to-remember name which is officially called a fully qualified domain name.– most people call it a domain name

Domain name– typed in lowercase– ends with three letter extension which is its

top-level domain




Chapter

8

Page 350

Section A

A computer with a domain name is referred to as a site.

Web site - location in a computer somewhere on the Internet.



Internet Top-level domains


Chapter

8

Page 351

Section A

Web sites are composed of a series of Web pages.– each page stored as a file– referred to by a unique URL

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - an Internet address of a document on a computer– begin with http://

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol - the protocol that allows Web browsers to communicate with Web servers.

URLs

What is the difference between a domain name and a URL?


Chapter

8

Page 351

Section A

Web server - computer with special software for transmitting Web pages over the Internet– domain names prefixed with www

Home page - identifies the site and contains links to other pages at the site

URLs

What is the difference between a domain name and a URL?


Chapter

8

Page 352

Section A

Other Types of Internet Servers

Is the Internet the same as the Web?

The Web is only one of the Internet’s many services.

The Internet also provides– e-mail– file transfers– discussion groups– real-time chat


Chapter

8

Page 352

Section A

Other Types of Internet Servers

Is the Internet the same as the Web?

The Internet also includes FTP servers which maintain files that you can transfer to your own computer.

Usenet servers and IRC servers handle exchange of comments among members in chat groups.


CHAPTER

8

Page 353

The Versatile Web BrowserSection B

The Internet


Section D

Chapter

8

Page 353

Section B

List Internet services that you can access using a Web browser

Explain the differences between downloading a file, viewing a Web page, and playing multimedia elements on a Web page

Explain how synchronous and asynchronous interactions apply to chat groups, discussion groups, and interactive gaming

Section PREVIEW




Page 353

Chapter

8

Web browsers provide Internet users with all-purpose client software for accessing many types of servers.

Section B



Page 353

Section B

The Web

How does a Web browser display a Web page?

Chapter

8

Section B

The World Wide Web, or “the Web” was created in 1990 at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics.

The Web – Internet service that stores and provides

information– easy to use source of graphical information– consists of documents (Web pages) that

contain information on a particular topic


Page 353

Section B

The Web

How does a Web browser display a Web page?

Chapter

8

Section B

A Web page may contain links that point to other Web pages.– makes it easy to follow a thread of related

information You request a Web page from a Web browser by

typing in a URL or clicking a Web page link. The page that displays when your browser first

starts is called the home page


Page 356

Section B

Web Portals

How do I get on the Web?

Chapter

8

Section B

Most computers come with a browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, which is preconfigured to take you to a Web portal.

A Web portal is a Web site that provides a group of popular Web services.– search engines– e-mail accounts– chat rooms– links to shopping, weather, news, and sports


Page 356

Section B

Chapter

8

Section B

Popular Web portals include America Online, GO Network, Lycos, and Yahoo

Some portals are maintained by commercial information services.– also serve as ISPs– charge monthly membership fee

Web Portals

How do I get on the Web?


Page 357

Section B

Internet Multimedia

Can I listen to music and play videos on the Web?

Chapter

8

Section B

Web pages now include multimedia elements such as sound, animation, and video.– stored in a file

Streaming media - computer plays a media file while receiving it

In-place multimedia technology - plays a media element as a seamless part of a Web page


Page 357

Section B

Internet Multimedia


Chapter

8

Section B


Page 358

Section B

Internet Multimedia


Chapter

8

Section B

Multimedia overlay technology adds a separate window to your screen for multimedia elements.

Multimedia overlaytechnology


Page 358

Section B

Internet Multimedia


Chapter

8

Section B

A software module that provides your computer with the capability to view or play a specific type of file is called a player, plug-in, or viewer.

The Web browser maintains list of media players installed on your computer.– most browsers provide a link to a site where

you can download a necessary player


Page 359

Section B

File Transfers

Can I get a copy of a picture, sound, or video that I find on the Web?

Chapter

8

Section B

Downloading is the process of transferring a file from a remote computer to your computer.

1. Right-click the picture you want to copy.

2. ChooseSave Picture as


Page 359

Section B

Chapter

8

Section B

Uploading - the process of sending a copy of a file from your computer to a remote computer

You can upload files using FTP client software, such as WinFTP.

File Transfers

Can I get a copy of a picture, sound, or video that I find on the Web?


Page 360

Section B

Web Installs

How do I install software that I download from the Internet?

Chapter

8

Section B

The Internet is a good source of free software. Most downloadable software is stored as a self-

extracting file, a single file that holds all of the modules for the software.– download sites include instructions for

downloading software


Page 360

Section B

Web Installs

How do I install software that I download from the Internet?

Chapter

8

Section B

You can takeadvantage ofthousands of shareware, freeware, and trial versions of software.


Page 361

Section B

Internet Interactions

Can I interact directly with other people who are online?

Chapter

8

Section B

In addition to e-mail, people can interact on the Internet by joining a discussion group.– takes place asynchronously, meaning

discussion participants are not online at the same time

A chat group is a discussion group which takes place synchronously (participants are online at the same time).


2

Section B

Internet Interactions

Can I interact directly with other people who are online?

Chapter

8

Section B

Multi-player gaming - gives you an opportunity to play with or against, other players all over the Internet


CHAPTER

8

Page 363

Web Authoring and Site ManagementSection C

The Internet


Section D

Chapter

8

Page 363

Section C

Explain the purpose of HTML tags and evaluate the effectiveness of a Web page design

Describe how Web sites handle e-commerce

Section PREVIEW




Page 363

In addition to using the Web for information and interaction, you can also publish your own Web pages.

Chapter

8

Section C



Page 363

Using a few tools, you can create a single Web page to an entire Web site.

A full Web site with its own domain name, provides a solid point of presence on the Internet.– ex. http://www.hilfiger.com

Web Publishing

What can I publish?

Chapter

8

Section C


Page 364

HTML tags are instructions that tell a Web browser how to display the text and graphics of a Web page. – set off in angle brackets

• (<B> = begin boldface type)• (</B> = end boldface type)

A basic HTML document has two parts:– head - specifies the title bar information– body - contains information, text, graphics, links

HTML

What is an HTML tag?

Chapter

8

Section C


Page 365

HTML


Chapter

8

Section C

Basic HTML tags


Page 365

DHTML (Dynamic HTML) is an additional Web page development tool that allows elements of a Web page to be changed while the page is being viewed.

XML (Extensible Markup Language) allows the Web developer to define customized tags.

Java - a programming language developed specifically for Web applications

ActiveX controls allow Web pages to perform software-like tasks.

HTML


Chapter

8

Section C


Page 366

In addition to using HTML, Web authoring tools make it much easier to create Web pages.– use word processor-style interfaces– wizards– predesigned templates

Popular Web authoring software includes Microsoft FrontPage and Claris Home Page.– contain tools for managing Web sites

HTML Authoring Tools

Do I have to use HTML?

Chapter

8

Section C


Page 367

Plan your Web page so that it fulfills its purpose. Design a template to unify your pages. Follow basic rules for good Web page design:

– narrow line widths– proofread– use contrasting colors; do not use drab colors– do not use graphic files that exceed 30 KB– use graphics with .jpg or .gif filename extensions– use thumbnails to link to larger version of large

graphics

Web Page Design Tips

How do I make a really great Web page?

Chapter

8

Section C


Page 367

Identify your pages. Include dates. Include navigational elements. Respect the copyright and intellectual property

rights of other Web sites.

Web Page Design Tips

How do I make a really great Web page?

Chapter

8

Section C


Page 369

Test your pages locally. Transfer pages to a Web server.

– look for a site that will host your page Test all links. Update your site to keep it current.

Publishing Your Pages

How do I get my pages on the Internet?

Chapter

8

Section C


Page 369

E-commerce refers to buying products and services by means of the Internet.– online shopping– online auction sites

Like big businesses, individuals can also set up their own e-commerce site.

Many Web hosting services and portal sites offer an e-commerce enabled Web site, which simplifies the process of constructing an online storefront.

Building an E-commerce Site

Can I create my own online shopping site?

Chapter

8

Section C


CHAPTER

8

Page 371

User Focus Connecting to the Internet

The Internet


Section D

Chapter

8

Page 371

To access the Internet from your home computer, you must use an Internet service provider.

User Focus Connecting to the Internet


Page 371

Chapter

8

User Focus

Locate an Internet Service Provider

Who will provide me with an Internet connection, and how much will it cost?

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) connects you to the Internet by providing you with a user account on a host computer that has access to the Internet.

Internet connections are also available through commercial information services, such as AT&T WorldNet and America Online, and some cable TV companies.– charge $10 - $40 per month


Page 372

Chapter

8

User Focus

Most people use a telephone line to access the Internet.– can also use cable, cellular phone, or personal

satellite dish You need a computer, modem, and telephone

line.

Set Up Equipment

What special equipment do I need to access the Internet?


Page 372

Chapter

8

User Focus

Connection speed is the maximum speed that your modem can communicate with the ISP’s modem.

Transfer rate is the speed at which you can send or receive data.

Set Up Equipment

What special equipment do I need to access the Internet?


Page 373

Chapter

8

User Focus

Install Software

Where do I get the software I need?

Internet communications software allows your computer to transmit and receive data using TCP/IP communications protocol.– two versions of TCP/IP are:

• SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)• PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)


Page 374

Chapter

8

User Focus

Dial In

After my hardware is set up and my software is installed, how do I dial in to the Internet?

Most Internet communications software is represented by an icon.

Computer Concepts 4th Edition Parsons/Oja CHAPTER 8 Page 344 How the Internet Works Section A The...

Documents

Transcript of Computer Concepts 4th Edition Parsons/Oja CHAPTER 8 Page 344 How the Internet Works Section A The...