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WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
Communication may be defined as exchange of of facts , ideas ,
opinions or emotions between two or more persons to create commonground of understanding.
Definition
According to KEITH DAVIS Communication is the process of passinginformation and understanding from one person to another.
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NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
TWO OR MORE PERSONS
CONTINUOS PROCESS
TWO WAY PROCESS
PERVASIVE FUNCTION
CIRCULAR PROCESS
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STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
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THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
COMMUNI CATION IS THE REAL WORK OF LEADERSHIP - N IT IN
NOHRIA
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STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
SENDER
MESSAGE
ENCODING
CHANNEL
RECEIVER
DECODING
FEEDBACK
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CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
(ON THE BASIS OF RELATIONSHIP) FORMAL COMMUNICATION
UPWARD
DOWNWARD
HORIZONTAL
DIAGONAL
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
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METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
(ON THE BASIS OF EXPRESSION)
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Written communication means transmission of message through written words.
EXAMPLESLetters, circulars, memos, notices, bulletins, reports, manuals, etc.
MERITS Ensures uniformity
Message can be transmitted to large number of persons at one time.
Permanent record
Ideal for lengthy messages
DEMERITS Time consuming
Lacks personal touch
Difficult in maintaining secrecy
Misinterpretation
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ORAL COMMUNICATION
Oral or verbal communication means conveying of messages through
spoken words.
EXAMPLE
Face to face talks, interviews, lectures, group meetings, loud speaker
announcements, telephone conversations, etc.
MERITS
Economical
Faster and saves time
Flexible
Immediate response and feedback
DEMERITS Less reliable
Greater chances of distortion
No permanent record
Language problems
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GESTURAL OR NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Gestural communication refers to communication through bodylanguage.
EXAMPLEFacial expressions, movement of hands, movement of lips, movement
of head, twinkling of eyes, mere silence, etc.
MERITS
Useful for differently abled people Convey emotions into thoughts
DEMERITS Misunderstanding
Slow
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DIFFERENT GESTURES
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FORMAL COMMUNICATION
Formal communication refers to the flow of information along the lines
of authority deliberately and consciously established by themanagement in the organization structure. It takes place from one
position to another in the formal organization.
EXAMPLEThe marketing manager of a company may send a revised price list to
branch managers.
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INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
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BRANCHES IN FORMAL COMMUNCATION
VERTICAL COMMUNICATIONUpward Communication
Downward Communication
Upward CommunicationDownward communication means transmission of messages from
a higher authority(Superior) to a lower authority(Subordinate).
MERITS Provides necessary feedback
Provides suggestions for improving plans and policies
Provides opportunities for employees to express their problems and
grievances
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COMPARISON
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DEMERITS
Hesitation of employees to communicate upward unless the managers
keep their doors open.
Employees are afraid of being criticized
Distortion of message
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HORIZONTAL OR LATERAL COMMUNICATION
The transmission of information between people at the same level ofauthority is called horizontal communication.
MERITS Facilitates cooperation and communication between various departments.
Helpful for resolving interrelated problems of two or more departments.
Enables managers to exchange information without referring all matters tohigher authorities.
DEMERITS Person at same level of authority may be reluctant to initiative
communication.
Intergroup rivalry is a source of potential conflict.
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DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION
Diagonal communication refers to the transmission of informationbetween people who are neither in the same department nor on the
same level.
MERITS Helps to speed up flow of information.
It is very much required when line managers delegate functional
authority to line or staff units.
DEMERITS Diagonal communication can create confusion and conflict as it is
contrary to the principle of unity of command.
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EXAMPLE OF DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION
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BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
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OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
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7 CS OF COMMUNICATION
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