CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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CLASSIFICATIONOFORDINARYCIVILACTIONS1. Astocauseorfoundation
a. RealAction–foundedonprivityofrealestateandseekstorecovera specific real property or its possession. Affects TOPPFI (title,ownership,possession,partition,foreclosure,interest).Examples: Unlawful detainer, forcible entry, accion publiciana,accionreinvindicatoria,quietingoftitleorremovalofacloud.
b. PersonalAction–foundedonprivityofcontractortherecoveryofpersonalpropertyordamages.Examples: Declaration of nullity of marriage, annulment ofcancellation of award over a property, recovery of personalproperty.
2. Astoobject
a. Inpersonam – Claim against a particular person. Binding only tothe parties. Examples: Recovery of real property, sum ofmoney,reconveyance.
b. InRem–Directedagainstthethingitself.Bindinguponthewholeworld.Examples:Landregistration,probateofawill,annulmentofmarriage.
c. Quasiinrem–Broughtagainstthedefendantpersonallyalthoughthe real object is to deal with a particular property. Jurisdictionover the person of the defendant NOT necessary. Service ofsummonsisrequiredonlyforthepurposeofcomplyingwithdueprocess.Examples:Attachment,foreclosureofmortgage,partition.
IMPORTANCEOFCLASSIFICATIONOFACTIONS Thelawonjurisdiction,therulesonvenue,prescription,defensesagainsttheaction,paymentof thedocket feeand serviceof summonsdependson thenatureoftheaction.
CAUSEOFACTION(RULE2)v Anactoromissionbywhichapartyviolatesarightofanother.
• Elements(ROVID):o Rightoftheplaintiffo Obligationofthedefendanto Violationofsuchrighto Injuryo Damage
DIFFERENTCAUSESOFACTION
1. Contracts:Proveexistenceofthecontractandthebreachthereof.2. Vicarious liability of an employer (quasi delict): Negligence must be
allegedandproved.NegligenceunderArt.2180ispresumed.3. Sum of money based on a PN: Allegation that debt exists, PNmust be
properly pleaded (substance and attachment), debt must be due, nopaymentdespitedemand.
4. Unlawful detainer: Demand to vacate and such is not compliedwith. Ifbasedonexpirationoflease:noticeanddemandnotrequired.
5. Forcibleentry:Allegeandprovethepriorphysicalpossessionofplaintiff,deprivation thereof of defendantbyFISTS (force, intimidation, strategy,threat,stealth).
6. Malicious prosecution: Prove prosecution occurred, defendant was theprosecutor himself, criminal action endedwith an acquittal, prosecutoractedwithoutprobablecause,prosecutionwasimpelledbylegalmalice.
FAILURETOSTATEACAUSEOFACTION
• Groundfordismissalofcomplaintupondefendant’smotion.• Insufficiencyintheallegationsofthecomplaint.• AllegationsarenotenoughtoestablishROVID.• Basedonthefaceofthecomplaint.
FAILURETOESTABLISHACAUSEOFACTION
• Evidencepresentedcannotconfirmtheallegations.• Defendantfiledforademurrertoevidence.
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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SPLITTINGASINGLECAUSEOFACTION• ProhibitedbyRulesofCourt(Rule2,Sec.3)• Act of instituting two or more suits on the basis of the same cause of
action.• Breedsmultiplicityofsuits• ThreeteststodetermineiftwosuitsrelatetoonlyasingleCoA:
o Sameevidencetesto Samedefensestesto CoA in the 2nd case existed at the time of the filing of the 1st
complaint.EFFECTOFSPLITTINGASINGLECOA
• Thefilingorajudgmentofoneuponthemeritsisagroundfordismissaloftheothers.
• As to which action should be dismissed would depend upon thediscretionofthecourtandcircumstancesofthecase.
JOINDEROFCAUSESOFACTION
• Assertion of as many CoA as a party may have against another in onepleadingalone.
• Unitingtwoormoredemandsorrightsofactioninoneaction.• Joinder shall not include special civil actions or actions governed by
specialrules.• Totality Rule: Principal amount alonewould be the basis of identifying
jurisdiction.Principalplus interests, fees,etc.wouldbethebasis forthefilingfees.
JOINDEROFCLAIMSINSMALLCLAIMSCASES
• Allowed, provided that the total amount claimed, exclusive of interestsandcosts,doesnotexceedP100,000.
PARTIES(RULE3)Section1(Whomaybeparties)(NJE)
• Natural• Juridical (State and its political subdivisions; corporations for public
interest or created by law; corporations, partnerships and associationsforprivateinterestwhichthelawgrantsjuridicalpersonality).
• Entities authorized by law (corporation by estoppel; contract ofpartnership having P3,000 or more as capital which failed to register;estate of a deceased; legitimate labor organization; Roman CatholicChurch;dissolvedcorporationsuingwithin3yearsafterdissolutionandconnectedtotheclosureofitsaffairs).
Entitywithoutjuridicalpersonalityasdefendant(Section15)
• Twoormorepersonsnotorganizedasanentitywithjuridicalpersonalityenterintoatransaction,theymaybesuedunderthenamebywhichtheyarecommonlyknown.
EffectwhenapartyimpleadedisNOTauthorizedtobeaparty
• Where theplaintiff is not NJE, amotion to dismissmay be filed on thegroundthat“PLAINTIFFHASNOLEGALCAPACITYTOSUE.”
• Where thedefendant isnotNJE, thecomplaintmaybedismissedon thegroundthatthe“PLEADINGASSSERTINGTHECLAIMSTATESNOCAUSEOFACTION.”
Section2(Realpartiesininterest)
• Injured• Benefited• Entitledtotheavailsofthesuit
Section3(Representativeasparties)
• Fiduciarycapacity(beneficiaryshallbeincludedinthetitleofthecase)• Trustee(express)• Guardian• Executor• Agentactinginhisownname
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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• OtherpartiesauthorizedbylawSection4(Spousesasparties)
• Husbandandwifeshallsueorbesuedjointlyexceptasprovidedbylaw.Section5(Minororincompetentpersons)
• Assistedbytheparent/s,guardian,guardianadlitem.Section6(Permissivejoinderofparties)
• Onetransaction,askingforonerelief• Commonquestionoflaworfact
Section7(Compulsoryjoinderofindispensibleparties)
• Indispensible party – a real party in interest, if not impleaded, no finaldeterminationcanbehadofanaction.
• Judgmentrenderedwouldhavenoeffectiveness.Example: All heirs of the deceased defendant in an action to recover realpropertyareindispensibleparties.Section8(Necessaryparty)
• OughttobejoinedforCOMPLETErelief.Section9(Non-joinderofnecessarypartiestobepleaded)
• Pleader shall set forth the name of the necessary party if his name isknown
• Statewhysuchpartyisomitted.• If court finds the omission UNMERITORIOUS: order the pleader to join
theomittedpartyifjurisdictionoverhispersonmaybeobtained.Section10(Unwillingco-plaintiff)
• If consent of the plaintiff who should be joined cannot be obtained, hemaybemadeadefendant.
• Stateinthecomplaintthereasontherefor.Section11(Misjoinderornon-joinderofparties)
• Notagroundfordismissal• Maydroporaddpartiesbyorderofcourtonmotionofanyparty,ormotu
proprioatanystageandonjusttermsSection12(Classsuit)
• Partiesaresonumerous.Hence,anumberofthem,whichthecourtfindsasSUFFICIENTLYNUMEROUS,maysueforthebenefitofall.
• Subjectmatterofthecontroversy:commonorgeneralinterestSection13(AlternativeDefendants)
• Plaintiff is uncertain if against who of several persons should beimpleadedasdefendants,hemayjoinanyorallofthemasdefendantsinthealternative.
Section14(Unknownidentityornameofdefendant)
• Hemaybesuedastheunknownowner,heir,devisee,etc.• Iftruenameisdiscovered,pleadingmustbeamendedaccordingly.
Section15(Entitywithoutjuridicalpersonalityasdefendant)
• TwoormorepersonsNOTorganizedasanentity• Maybesuedunderthenametheyaregenerallyknown• In theiranswer, thenamesandaddressesof thedefendantsmustallbe
revealed.Section16(Deathofparty;Dutyofcounsel)
• Pendencyofaction:ItisthedutyofthecounseltoinformtheCourtwithin30 days after death. Plus, give the names and addresses of the legalrepresentatives.Failuretodoso=groundfordisciplinaryaction.
• Courtwilldetermineiftheclaimsurvives.• Heirs: May be allowed to be substitutes, without requiring the
appointment of an executor. Court may appoint guardian ad litem forminorheirs.
• Court:orderrepresentativestoappearandbesubstitutedwithin30daysfromnotice.
• Ifnolegalrepresentative:Courtmayordertheopposingpartytoprocureappointmentofanexecutorfortheestate.
• Serviceofsummonsnotrequiredtoeffectasubstitution.
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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Examplesofactionswhichsurvivethedeathofaparty:• Recoverofrealandpersonalpropertyfromtheestate• Enforcementoflienthereon• Recoveryofdamagesforaninjurytopersonorproperty• Recoveryofdamagesarisingfromdelicts• If accused dies before arraignment, dismissal of the criminal case is
withoutprejudice toanycivilaction theoffendedpartymay fileagainsttheestateofthedeceased.
• Actionsforrecoveryofmoneyarisingfromcontract.o Favorable judgment: Claim against the estate of the deceased.
Shouldbefiledduringthesettlementproceedingsofthedeceased.Section17(Deathorseparationofapartywhoisapublicofficer)
• Action may be continued by his successor if, within 30 days after thesuccessortakesoffice, it issatisfactorilyshowntothecourtthatthereissubstantialneedtocontinueit.
Section18(Incompetencyorincapacity)
• Uponmotionwithnotice,courtmayallowtheactiontocontinue.• Incapacitatedpersonshallbeassistedbyhis legalguardianorguardian
adlitem.Section19(Transferofinterest)
• Actionmaybecontinuedbyoragainsttheoriginalparty.Section20(Actiononcontractualmoneyclaims)
• Defendant dies before entry of final judgment: action shall not bedismissed.
• A favorable judgmentobtainedbyplaintiff shallbeenforcedagainst theestateofthedeceased.
Section21(Indigentparty)
• Partyhasnomoneyorpropertysufficientandavailableforfood,shelterandbasicnecessities.
• Exempted from payment of docket fees, lawful fees, transcripts ofstenographicnotes.
• Docket and other lawful fees shall be lien on the favorable judgmentrenderedinhisfavor.
• Anyadversepartymaycontestthegrantofauthoritytoapartytolitigateasanindigent.
Section22(NoticetotheSolicitorGeneral)
• OnlytheSolGencanbringanddefendactionsonbehalfoftheRP.• IfactionfiledinthenameoftheRepublicisnotinitiatedbytheSolGen,it
shallbesummarilydismissed.• Actions involving the validity of any treaty, law, ordinance, executive
order, presidential decree, rules or regulations: Court, in its discretion,mayrequireappearanceofSolGen.
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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VENUEOFACTIONS(RULE4)v Placeoftrialv GeographicalLocationwhichanactionorproceedingshouldbebrought.v Procedural,notsubstantive.BASICRULESFORVENUEREALACTIONSv IssueisaboutTOPPFI.
• Wherethepropertyislocatedoraportionthereofissituatedv Forcibleentryandunlawfuldetainer
• MTCwheretherealpropertyoranyportionthereofissituatedPERSONALACTIONSv Individualrightinvolvedv Basedoncontract/torts/damages
• Wheretheplaintiffresidesorwherethedefendantresides.• Non–residentdefendant:Wherehemaybefound.• ATTHEELECTIONOFTHEPLAINTIFF.
NON-RESIDENTDEFENDANT(ABSENT)v CannotbefoundinthePhilippines
• Noactionv Action affects the personal status of plaintiff or any property of said
defendant• Wheretheplaintiffresides,or• Wherethepropertyoranyportionthereofissituated• ATTHEELECTIONOFTHEPLAINTIFF.
SPECIALRULESFORVENUEQuoWarranto
• Generally,broughtonlytoSC/CAorRTCwheretherespondentresides.• CommencedbyOSG(ifnot filed in theCA/SC):shallbe filed in theRTC
Manila.
Environmentalcases• RTC exercising jurisdiction over the territory where the neglect
happened.• CA• SC
Libel/OralDefamationv Privateindividual
• RTCofprovince/citywherethearticleispublishedor• Wheretheoffendedpartyresides• ATTHEOPTIONOFTHEPLAINTIFF.
v Publicofficer• RTCwherehisofficeisor• Wherethearticleisfirstprintedandpublished• ATTHEOPTINOFTHEPLAINTIFF.
STIPULATIONSONVENUEv Partiesmayagreeonaspecificvenueprovidedthatitshouldbe(WEB):
• InWRITING• EXCLUSIVE
o Polytrade Doctrine: There must be the use of restrictive wordsindicating the exclusivity of the venue where actions could becommenced. Words such as only, in no other court, exclusively,nowhereelsebut/exceptareexamplesofrestrictivewords.
• BEFOREfilingofaction
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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PARTSOFAPLEADING(RULE7)andMANNEROFMAKINGALLEGATIONSINPLEADINGS(RULE8)1. Captionofthepleading2. TitleoftheAction3. Bodyofthepleading
• AddressesofplaintiffanddefendantimportanttoknowtheVENUEoftheaction.
• TheSOURCE(S)OFOBLIGATIONshouldbeidentified.• AllegationsmustbebasedonULTIMATEFACTS,notconclusionsoflaw.• Muststatecauseofaction(establishROVID)• Whenanactionisbaseduponawritteninstrument:theoriginaloracopy
shouldbeattachedasanexhibit(annex).o Howtocontestdocument:
§ Denythegenuinenessanddueexecutionunderoath§ Settingforthwhatheclaimstobethefacts
4. RelieforPrayer• Whattheplaintiffisclaimingfor.
5. Verification• Apleadingisverifiedbyanaffidavitthattheaffianthasreadthepleading
andtheallegationsaretrueandcorrect.6. Certificationagainstforumshopping(Rule7,Section5)
Ø Theplaintiffhasnotcommencedanyactionor filedanyclaim involvingthesameissueinanycourt,andnosuchotheractionispendingtherein.
Ø Ifthereisapendingaction:acompletestatementofitspresentstatus.Ø Ifhe learns thata similar case is filed/pending: reportwithin5days to
thecourt.• Failuretocomplywiththerequirementsshallbecauseforthedismissal
of the caseWITHOUT PREJUDICE (right to re-file), unless otherwiseprovided.
• If there is willful and deliberate forum shopping: Dismissed WITHPREJUDICE. Constitutesdirect contempt and a cause for administrativesanctions.
• InthecaseofSwedishMatchv.TheTreasureroftheCityofManila:o Certificationsmustbeexecutedbyanofficeroramemberof the
boardofdirectorsviaaboardresolution.
o Officialswhocansignwithoutaboardresolution:§ Chairperson§ GeneralManager§ PersonnelOfficer§ Employmentspecialist
o Thebelatedissuanceoftheboardresolutionretroactstothedateof the signing of the officer whose authority was questionedbecause there was no board resolution upon the filing of thecomplaint.
• All plaintiffs must sign the certification but under reasonablecircumstances (share a common interest): the signature of onesubstantiallycomplieswiththeRule.
AMENDEDANDSUPPLEMENTALPLEADINGS(RULE10)
• Pleadingsmaybeamendedbyaddingorstrikingoutanallegationorthenameofanyparty,orbycorrectingamistakeinthenameofaparty,orinadequateallegationordescriptioninanyotherrespect.
• Amendmentsretroacttothetimethe1stcomplaintwasfiled.• PleadingmaybeamendedONCEasamatterofrightatanytimebeforea
responsivepleadingisserved,orinthecaseofareply,atanytimewithin10daysafteritisserved.
• Supplemental pleading: Sets forth transactions, occurrences, or eventswhich have happened since the date of the pleading sought to besupplemented.
EFFICIENTUSEOFPAPERRULE
• Singlespace,1.5spaceinbetweenparagraphs• Easilyreadablefontstyleoftheparty’schoice• 14-sizefont• 13”x8.5”whitebondpaper• Margins
o Left:1.5incheso Upper:1.2incheso RightandLower:1.0inch
• Consecutivelynumbered
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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FILINGFEES/DOCKETFEES• Court acquires jurisdictionover any caseonlyupon thepaymentof the
prescribeddocketfee.• InSunInsuranceOfficev.Asuncion:
o The Court decreed that where the initiatory pleading is notaccompanied by the payment of the docket fee, the court mayallow payment of the feewithin reasonable time, but in no casebeyondtheprescriptiveorreglementaryperiod.
• Where the party does not deliberately intend to defraud the court inpaymentofdocketfeesandmanifestswillingnesstoabidebytherule,theliberaldoctrineenunciatedwillapply.
• Courtmaydecidewhen to relax the ruleorwhen toprosecute thecasebasedonthemeritssotheendsofjusticewillbemet.
ASSIGNMENTOFCASES
• Byraffle
SUMMONS(RULE14)v Writwhichthedefendantisnotifiedoftheactionbroughtagainsthim.v Notice to the defendant that someone named therein has commenced an
actionagainsthiminaparticularcourt.v Defendantisdirectedtoanswerthecomplaintwithintheperiodfixedbythe
Rulesandthat,unlessheanswers,plaintiffwilltakejudgmentbydefaultandmaybegrantedthereliefappliedfor.
v IssuanceofsummonsisMANDATORYbytheClerkofCourt.v Knowledge ofdefendantof anaction filedagainsthimdoesNOT dispense
withtheneedforsummons.Purposeinactionsinpersonam
• Complywithdueprocess• Acquirejurisdictionoverthepersonofthedefendant
Purposeinactionsinremandquasiinrem
• Jurisdiction over the person of the defendant isNOT a prerequisite toconfer jurisdiction on the court provided that the court acquiresjurisdictionovertheres.
• Summonsmightstillbeserveduponthedefendantinordertosatisfythedueprocessrequirements.(Jurisprudence)
Whoservessummons?(Section3)
• Sheriff• Hisdeputy• ProperCourtOfficer• Anysuitablepersonauthorizedbythecourt(forjustifiablereasons)
Contents(Section2)
• Nameofthecourt• Nameoftheparties• Direction to defendant to answer within the time fixed (ordinarily 15
days).• Noticethat,unlessthedefendantsoanswers,plaintiffwilltakejudgment
bydefaultandmaybegrantedthereliefprayedfor.
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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Returnandproofofservice(Section4;Section18;Section19)
• Whentheserviceiscompleted,theservershall,within5daystherefrom,serve a copy of the return, personally or by registered mail, to theplaintiff’scounsel.
• Returnthesummonstotheclerkwhoissuedit,accompaniedbyproofofservice.
• Proofofservice:Inwriting,shallsetforththemanner,place,anddateofservice;specifyanypapersservedwiththeprocessandnameofpersonwhoreceivedit.
• Proofofservicebypublication:Ifservicewasmadebypublication,itmaybeprovedbythe:
o Affidavitoftheprinter,foreman,principalclerk,editor...towhichaffidavit,acopyofthepublicationshallbeattachedAND
o An affidavit showing the deposit of a copy of the summons andorderofpublicationinthepostoffice,postageprepaid,directedtothedefendantbyregisteredmailtohislastknownaddress.
Serviceupondefendantinperson(Section6)
• HandingacopyINPERSON• Ifherefusestoreceiveandsign:byTENDERINGittohim.• Theimpossibilityofprompt,personalserviceshouldbeshownbystating
in theproofof service thateffortsweremade toserve itpersonallybutsucheffortsfailed,hence,theresorttosubstitutedservice.
SUBSTITUTEDSERVICEOFSUMMONS(Section7)
• Resortedonlywhenserviceinpersoncannotbemadepromptly.• Impossibilityofpromptpersonalservicemustbeshown,bystatingthat
effortshavebeenmadeto findthedefendantpersonallyandsucheffortfailedintheproofofservice(Chuv.MachAsiaTrading).
• Maybeavailedofifforjustifiablecauses,thedefendantcannotbeservedwithinareasonabletime.
• InManotocv.CA,reasonabletimeissomuchtimeasisnecessaryunderthecircumstancesforareasonablyprudentanddiligentmantodo.
o Theremustbeseveralattemptsbythesherifftopersonallyservethesummonswithinareasonableperiod.
o Threetimes,fortheperiodof30days.
• Howitismade:o Leaving copiesof the summonsat thedefendant’s residence toa
personofsuitableageanddiscretionORo At the defendant’s office or regular place of business to a
competentpersoninchargethereof.• Whendefendantpreventsserviceofsummons:
o Deemed properly served if earnest efforts were made by thesheriff(Robinsonv.Miralles).
Serviceuponentitywithoutjuridicalpersonality(Section8)
• Twoormorepersonsnotorganizedasanentitywithjuridicalpersonalityenterintoatransaction,theymaybesuedunderthenamebywhichtheyarecommonlyknown.
• Servicemay be effected uponALL DEFENDANTS by serving summonsupon:
o Anyoneofthemo Thepersoninchargeoftheofficeorplaceofbusiness.
Serviceuponprisoners(Section9)
• EffecteduponhimbytheOFFICERhavingmanagementofsuchjail.• Jailmanagerisdeemeddeputizedasaspecialsheriff.
Serviceuponminorsandincompetents(Section10)
• Serviceshallbemadeuponhim,AND• On his legal guardian, upon his guardian ad litemwhose appointment
shallbeappliedforbytheplaintiff.• Ifminor,servicemayalsobemadeonhisfatherormother.
Serviceuponaprivatedomesticjuridicalentity(Section11)
• Servicemaybemadeuponthe(PMG-TIC)o Presidento ManagingPartnero GeneralManagero Treasurer
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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o In-houseCounselo CorporateSecretary
• Above enumeration is EXCLUSIVE and RESTRICTIVE. Cannot be serveduponanyotherperson(ElliceAgro-Industrialv.Young)
Serviceuponprivateforeignjuridicalentity(Section12)
• Residentagentdesignatedinaccordancewiththelawforthatpurpose• If there isnoagent:Governmentofficialdesignatedby lawtothateffect
ORanyofitsofficersoragentswithinthePhilippines.• IftheforeignentityisnotregisteredinthePhilippinesorhasnoresident
agent,servicemaybeeffectedoutofthePhilippines,withleaveofCourt,through(A.M.No.11-3-6-SC):
o Personal service through the appropriate court in the foreighcountrywiththeassistanceofDFA.
o Publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the countrywherethedefendantmaybefoundANDbyservingacopyofthesummonsandthecourtorderbyregisteredmailatthelastknownaddressofthedefendant.
o Facsimileoranyrecognizedelectronicmeansthatcouldgenerateproofofservice.
o Bysuchothermeansasthecourtmayinitsdirectiondirect.Serviceuponpubliccorporations(Section13)
• RepublicofthePhilippinesasdefendant:serviceuponSolGen.• Incaseofprovince,municipalityorpubliccorporations:maybeeffected
onitsexecutiveheadorsuchotherofficersasthelaworcourtmaydirect.Service upon defendant whose identity or whereabouts are unknown(Section14)
• Byleaveofcourt,beeffecteduponhimbypublicationinanewspaperofgeneralcirculationandinsuchplacesandforsuchtimeasthecourtmayorder.
EXTRATERRITORIALSERVICEOFSUMMONS(Section15)v Applieswhenthefollowingrequisitesconcur:
• Defendantisanonresident
• NotfoundinthePhilippines,AND• Actionagainsthimiseitherinremorquasiinrem.
v Actionsinvolvedinextraterritorialserviceofsummons• Personalstatusoftheplaintiff• RelatingtopropertywithinthePhilippines,inwhichthedefendantclaims
alienorinterest,actualorcontingent• Relief demanded consists,wholly or in part, in excluding the defendant
fromaninterestinpropertylocatedinthePhilippines• Defendant’spropertyhasbeenattachedinthePhilippines.
v Servicecanbeeffectedby:• Personalserviceoutofthecountry• Publication,withleaveofcourt• Anyothermannerdeemedsufficient
Voluntaryappearance(Section20)
• Defendant’s voluntary appearance in the action shall be equivalent toserviceofsummons
• LaNavalDrugCorporationv.CA(prevailingdoctrine):o Theinvocationofothergroundsinamotiontodismissforlackof
jurisdictionofthecourtoverthepersonofthedefendantisNOTasubmissiontothecourt’sjurisdiction.
o Even the assertion of affirmative defenses aside from lack ofjurisdictionoverthepersonofthedefendantcannotbeconsideredawaiverofthedefenseoflackofjurisdictionoversuchperson.
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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DISMISSALOFACTIONSBYTHEPLAINTIFF(RULE17)Dismissaluponnoticebyplaintiff(Section1)
• Noticeofdismissal – filedby theplaintiff todismissa complaintbeforetheserviceofanansweroramotionforsummaryjudgment.
• Uponfiling,thecourtshallissueanorderconfirmingthedismissal.• Matterofright• General rule:Adismissalmadeby the filingofanoticeofdismissal isa
DISMISSALWITHOUTPREJUDICE,thecomplaintcanberefiled.• ThedismissalwillbeWITHPREJUDICEif:
o Thenoticeofdismissalbytheplaintiffprovidesthatthedismissaliswithprejudice
o Theplaintiffhaspreviouslydismissedthesamecaseinacourtofcompetentjurisdictionbasedonorincludingthesameclaim.
Two-dismissalrule
• Applieswhentheplaintiff:o Twicedismissedtheactiono Basedonorincludingthesameclaimo Inacourtofcompetentjurisdiction
• ClaimmayonlybefiledTWICE,thefirstbeingtheclaimembodiedintheoriginalcomplaint.
• If the refiled claim is dismissed AGAIN through a second notice ofdismissal,thesecondnoticetriggerstheapplicationofthetwo-dismissalrule and thedismissal shall bedeemedWITH PREJUDICE because it isconsideredasanadjudicationofmerits.
Dismissaluponmotionofplaintiff(Section2)
• Motiontodismiss–filedonceeitheranansweroramotionforsummaryjudgmenthasbeenservedontheplaintiff.
• Motion is now subjected to the approval of the courtwhichwill decideuponsuchtermsandconditionsasarejust.
• NotamatterofrightbutaMATTEROFJURIDICALDISCRETION.Effectofdismissaluponacounterclaimalreadypleaded(Section2)
• Dismissal of complaint shall be without prejudice to the right of the
defendanttoprosecutehiscounterclaim.• Defendantmayprosecutehiscounterclaiminaseparateactionunlesshe
manifests his preference to have his counterclaim resolved in the sameaction.
• Heshallinformthecourtofsuchpreferencewithin15daysfromnoticeofthemotiontodismissservedbytheplaintiff.
Dismissalduetothefaultofplaintiff(Section3)
• Failure of plaintiff,without justifiable reasons, to appear on the date ofthepresentationofhisevidenceinchief
• Failureoftheplaintifftoprosecutehisactionforanunreasonablelengthoftime
• FailureoftheplaintifftocomplywiththeRulesofCourt• Failureoftheplaintifftocomplywithanyorderofthecourt.
v May be done by the courtmotu proprio or upon the motion filed by thedefendant.
v If there is no justifiable reasons that explain the absence of the plaintiffduringthepresentationofevidence:CourtmayDISMISSthecomplaint.
v Dismissal does not carry with it the dismissal of the counterclaim,compulsoryorotherwise.WITHOUTPREJUDICEtotherightofdefendantstoprosecutethecounterclaim(Pingav.HeirsofSantiago)(Section4)
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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MOTIONTODISMISSBYTHEDEFENDANT(RULE16)Hypotheticaladmissionsofamotiontodismiss
• Defendanthypotheticallyadmitsthefactualallegationsofthecomplaint.Omnibusmotion
• Allgroundsforobjectionavailableatthetimethemotionisfiledmustbeinvokedinthemotion.
• Objectionswhicharenotinvokedaredeemedwaived.GroundswhichareNOTwaivedifnotinvoked
• Lackofjurisdictionoverthesubjectmatter• Pendencyofanotheractionbetweenthesamepartiesforthesamecause
(litispendencia)• Priorjudgmentwhichbarstheaction(resjudicata)• Statuteoflimitations(prescription)
NoticeofHearing
• Notbelaterthan10daysafterfilingofthemotionTimetofilethemotion
• Generally, within the time for filing the answer but before filing suchanswer.Iffiledaftertheanswer,itisconsideredfiledoutoftimeandthedefendingpartyisestoppedfromfilingthemotiontodismiss.
When amotion to dismissmay be filed even after the answer has beenservedandfiled
• Lackofjurisdictionoverthesubjectmatter• Pendencyofanotheractionbetweenthesamepartiesforthesamecause
(litispendentia)• Priorjudgmentwhichbarstheaction(resjudicata)• Statuteoflimitations(prescription)
v These are also grounds which allow the court to dismiss the case motuproprio provided that the ground for dismissal is apparent from thepleadingsortheevidenceonrecord.
Pleadinggroundsasaffirmativedefenses(Section6)• Ifnomotiontodismisshasbeenfiled,anyofthegroundsprovidedmay
bepleadedasanAFFIRMATIVEDEFENSEintheanswer.• Inthediscretionofthecourt,apreliminaryhearingmaybehadthereon
asifamotiontodismisshadbeenfiled.RemedyofthedefendantifthemotionisDENIED
• Movantshall filehisanswerwithinthebalanceoftheperiodprescribedinRule11towhichhewasentitledatthetimeofservinghismotion.
• Butnotlessthat5daysinanyevent.• Properremedies:
o Fileananswero Gothroughtheusualtrialprocesso Fileatimelyappealfromanadversejudgment
RemediesoftheplaintiffifthemotionisGRANTED
• Dependingontheground,plaintiffmaysimplyREFILE.• APPEALfromtheorderofdismissalwherethegroundrelieduponis:
o Resjudicatao Prescriptiono Extinguishmentoftheobligationo Violationofthestatuteoffrauds
Dismissalofcomplaintonthecounterclaim
• Shall not prevent the prosecution of the same or separate action of acounterclaimpleadedintheanswerofthedefendant.
CIVPRO(Riano,Herrera,RulesofCourt)W.A.Y.NOTES
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GROUNDSFORMOTIONTODISMISS–J2VPA-CPC3(Section1)a) Thatthecourthasnojurisdictionoverthepersonofthedefendingparty
o Followtheruleonsummonsb) Thatthecourthasnojurisdictionoverthesubjectmatteroftheclaim
o FollowtherulesonBP129c) Thatthevenueisimproperlylaid
o Followrulesonvenue(Rule4)d) Thattheplaintiffhasnolegalcapacitytosue
o Minorityo Insanityo Lackofjuridicalpersonality
e) That there is another action pending between the same parties for thesamecause(litispendentia)o Requisites
• Identityofparties• Identityofrightsasserted;samerelief• Regardless ofwhich party is successful,would amount to res
judicataintheother.f) Thatthecauseofactionisbarredbypriorjudgmentorbythestatuteof
limitationso Elements
• Formerjudgmentmustbefinal• Court which rendered it had jurisdiction over the subject
matterandtheparties• Judgmentmustbeonthemerits• There must be between the 1st and 2nd actions, identity of
parties,subjectmatterandcausesofaction.g) Thatthepleadingassertingtheclaimstatesnocauseofaction
o Refertopage1(Rule2)h) That the claim or demand set forth in the plaintiff’s pleading has been
paid,waived,abandonedorotherwiseextinguished.i) Thattheclaimonwhichtheactionisfoundedisunenforceableunderthe
provisionsofthestatuteoffraudsj) Thataconditionprecedentforfilingtheclaimhasnotbeencompliedwith
o Amicablesettlementbetweenfamilymemberso Barangayconciliation
MOTIONSINGENERAL(RULE15)Motion,defined(Section1)
• Anapplicationforreliefotherthanbyapleading.Hearingofmotion(Section4)
• Everywrittenmotionshallbesetforhearingbytheapplicant• Notice shall be served at least THREE DAYS before the date of the
hearing,unlessthecourtingoodcausesetsthehearingonshorternotice.Noticeofhearing(Section5)
• Addressedtoallpartiesconcerned• SpecifythetimeanddateofthehearingwhichmustnotbelaterthanTEN
DAYSafterthefilingofthemotion.BILLOFPARTICULARS(RULE12)
• Before responding to a pleading, a party may move for a definitestatementor forabillofparticularsofanymatterwhich isnotaverredwith sufficient definiteness or particularity to enable him properly topreparehisresponsivepleading.
• Ifpleadingisareply:MotionmustbefiledwithinTENDAYSfromservicethereof.
• Ifnotcompliedwith(Section4), thecourtmayorderthestrikingoutofthepleadingortheportionsthereoftowhichtheorderwasdirected.
FILINGANDSERVICEOFPLEADINGS(RULE13)v Filing–actofpresentingthepleadingorotherpapertotheclerkofcourtv Manneroffiling(Section3):
• Personally–Presentingtheoriginalcopiestotheclerkofcourt• Mail
v Service–actofprovidingapartyacopyofthepleadingorpaperconcerned.v Modeofservice:
• Personally• Mail