Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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I. The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E.II. The Qin and Han Empires, 221 B.C. E.–220, B.C.E.
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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I. The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E.
A. Neolithic Age, c. 6500–c. 1600 B.C.E.
Homo erectus, Homo sapiens
Huanghe River
Yangzi River
Yangshao (5000–3000 B.C.E.)
oracle bones
Sages:
Fu Xi
Shen Nong
Huang Di
Five Sovereigns:
Huang Di
Yao
Shun
Xia DynastyYu
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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I. The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E.
B. Bronze Age: The Shang Dynasty
(c. 1600–c. 1027 B.C.E.)Capitals:
ZhengzhouAnyang
Culturetaotiepictographs
RuleoraclesDi, supreme diety
Magicyin and yang
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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I. The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E.C. The Zhou Dynasty (1027?–221 B.C.E.)
Book of Documentsidea of “heavenly mandate”king as “son of heaven”
King Wen — founderhis brother, Duke of Zhou, regent for:
King Wuson of Wenmoves capital to Luoyang
by 8th century B.C.E., weakness> 771 B.C.E., overthrowndynasty survives at Louyang to 250
B.C.E.
[1027-771 B.C.E. — “Western Zhou” 771-250 B.C.E. — “Eastern Zhou”]
from 335 B.C.E. — wang, rival kingsWarring States (402–221 B.C.E.)
Qin ruler establishes empire by 221 B.C.E.
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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I. The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E.
C. The Zhou Dynasty (1027?–221 B.C.E.)
Zhou Economy and Society
Technology
iron
plow, better irrigation, fertilization
canals
Religion
ancestor worship
The Book of Songs (1000–600 B.C.E.)
Lady Hao, wife of King Wu
(c. 1200 B.C.E.)
Clever men build cities,
Clever women topple them…
Disorder does not come down from heaven,
It is produced by women.
from The Book of Songs
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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I. The Creation of China, 7000 B.C.E.–1027 B.C.E.
C. The Zhou Dynasty (1027?–221 B.C.E.)The Philosophical SchoolsConfucianism
Kong Fuzi (c. 551–479 B.C.E.)Analects — selected sayingsjinzi - gentlemanli — correct behaviorDao = the way, “moral
personality”stressed ethical values
Mozi (c. 490–391 B.C.E.)universal love, less emphasis
on family
“The way (Dao) of learning to be great consists in shining with the illustrious power of moral personality, in making a new people, in abiding in the highest goodness”
“Never do to others what you would not like them to do to you”
“The noble man understands what is right; the inferior man understands what is profitable”
from the writings of Confucius
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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I. The Creation of China, 7000 B.C.E.–1027 B.C.E.
C. The Zhou Dynasty (1027?–221 B.C.E.)The Philosophical Schools
Mencius (Mengzi, c. 372–c. 289 B.C.E.)
political philosophyland reform
“well-field” system
“removing the Mandate”
Xunzi (c. 310–c. 220 B.C.E.)
LegalismLord Shang (d. 338 B.C.E.)follower, Han Feizi (d. 233
B.C.E.)Li Si (d. 208 B.C.E.)
Qin minister
DoaismZuangzi (c. 369–c. 286 B.C.E.)Texts: Daodejing, Zhuangzi
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II. The Qin and Han Empires, 221 B.C.E.–220 C.E.
A. The Qin DynastyLord Shang
minister from 361 B.C.E.legalist
King Zheng (247–210 B.C.E.)supported by Lu Buwei and Li Siconquest of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu,
Qi> 221 B.C.E. Unificationtitle: Shi Huangdi = emperorprogram:
weaken noblesre-structure society nobility replaced by 20
rankssingle legal system
influenced by Legalismunified currency
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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II. The Qin and Han Empires
B. The Han DynastyXiang Yu v. Liu Bang
following death of Zheng
Liu Bang victorious, 206 B.C.E.> Gaozu (202–195 B.C.E.)
1. Former Han (206 B.C.E.–8 C.E.)balance of wu (military power) and
wen (ethical civilian rule)centralizationuse of Confucian scholars
Emperor Wudi (141–87 B.C.E.)university for government officials
> 30,000 students in Later Han
Ever-Normal Granary Policy, by 51 B.C.E.to ensure supplies
Expansiontrade with Westdevelopment of “Silk Roads”
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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II. The Qin and Han Empires
B. The Han Dynasty (cont’d)Decline
Wang Mang — regent for minors
takes over in 9 C.E.reforms unsuccessful
2. Later Han (23–220 C.E.)184 C.E. — “Yellow Turbans”
rebellionmessianic: Taipingdao
C. Han Scholarship, Art and Technology
rediscovery of the Zhou periodSima Qian (c. 145–90 B.C.E.)
The Historical Records (Shiji)
Ban Gu (d. 92 C.E.)History of the Former Han
Dong Zhongshu (c. 179–104 B.C.E.)
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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II. The Qin and Han Empires
B. The Han Dynasty (cont’d)
Decline
Wang Mang — regent for minors
takes over in 9 C.E.
reforms unsuccessful
2. Later Han (23–220 C.E.)
184 C.E. — “Yellow Turbans”
rebellion
messianic: Taipingdao
C. Han Scholarship, Art and Technology
rediscovery of the Zhou period
Sima Qian (c. 145–90 B.C.E.)
The Historical Records (Shiji)
Ban Gu (d. 92 C.E.)
History of the Former Han
Dong Zhongshu (c. 179–104 B.C.E.)
Brummett et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire
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II. The Qin and Han Empires
D. The Confucian Woman of the Han
Liu Xiang, (79–8 B.C.E.) Biographies of Heroic Women
Ban Zhao (45–116 C.E.), Lessons for
Women
E. Religious Daoism and Buddhism
F. China and Foreign Tradesilk for horses, woolensespecially trade with Rome
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