Chapter 11
Physical and cognitive development in adolescence
Puberty -sexual and reproductive maturation
sex hormones _______ (male), _________ (female)
(growth spurt: 12 for girls; 14 for boys) Body proportions : (boys’ shoulders widen; girls’
hips widen) ____________ makeup: girls gain _______, boys gain
more _________ Sexual maturation
Primary sexual characteristics (______________) ____________ –outside of body (pubic hair, genital
growth, breast development)
Girls – menarche: first menstruation (avg. _____ years) Boys – semenarche/spermarche (_____________) ____________ – generational change (puberty
_____________) Timing impacted by
__________________________________________________ exercise, socioeconomic status
Psychological impact of pubertal events
Reactions impacted by __________ ____________ – hormones may not be cause;
impacted by ____________ Parent-child relationships – more strained;
_____________________ Early versus late maturation
Early maturing ______: seen as independent, self-confident, physically attractive, leaders
_____ maturing boys : not well liked , anxious, attention seeking
Early maturing girls: _________, unpopular, stressed (less positive body image)
Late maturing girls: lively, sociable, ________________, leaders
Health issues
anorexia nervosa 90% are ________ Starvation due to _______________ ____________________, malnutrition Caused by individual, family and cultural
forces Hospitalization, family therapy
bulimia- binge purge Lack ____________ Feel depressed and guilty
____________________ Easier to treat
Sexual attitudes and behaviors
attitudes more liberal a decreasing portion are having intercourse;
earlier ages ______ had intercourse by their senior year more boys than girls at all ages downward trend in frequency of _______
___________ # of married teens ___________________
Characteristics of sexually active adolescents: _______ maturation, parental ____________
and divorce, _____ family, _______, poor school performance, lower ________ aspirations
Sexual behaviors (continued)
abstinence-focus has appeared to pay off
STDs – _______________________ HIV/AIDS - high risk group
Teenage pregnancy rates are ____________ Teenage mothers: less likely to _______,
more likely _________, likely to be on welfare
Health (continued)
Substance use and abuse Decline in smoking, alcohol and substance
abuse in past decade ___________:
__________, low income, family mental health problems, parental drug use, lack of parental involvement, ________________
Cognitive development
Piaget’s ________________ stage ability to solve ___________ problems ability to imagine _____________ in a situation
Consequences of abstract thought _______________ Egocentricity
______________ – “on stage” ________________ – inflated opinion of own
importance ; special and unique
Although Susanna desperately wants to learn how to dive, she refuses to practice at the pool because “everyone will be watching me and laugh because I’m the only one who can’t do it.” Her thinking reflects A. Idealisim B. Personal fable C. Cognitive self-regulation D. The imaginary audience
Lorna, an anorexic teenager, has lost so much weight that her bones show clearly, her hair is falling out, and she has stopped menstruating. When she looks in the mirror, she is likely to
think A. “I really like the way I look now.” B. I just need to lose 10 more pounds.” C. “If only I could put weight back on.” D. “Now my parents will be proud of me.”
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