Chapter 11

Physical and cognitive development in adolescence

Puberty -sexual and reproductive maturation

sex hormones _______ (male), _________ (female)

(growth spurt: 12 for girls; 14 for boys) Body proportions : (boys’ shoulders widen; girls’

hips widen) ____________ makeup: girls gain _______, boys gain

more _________ Sexual maturation

Primary sexual characteristics (______________) ____________ –outside of body (pubic hair, genital

growth, breast development)

Girls – menarche: first menstruation (avg. _____ years) Boys – semenarche/spermarche (_____________) ____________ – generational change (puberty

_____________) Timing impacted by

__________________________________________________ exercise, socioeconomic status

Psychological impact of pubertal events

Reactions impacted by __________ ____________ – hormones may not be cause;

impacted by ____________ Parent-child relationships – more strained;

_____________________ Early versus late maturation

Early maturing ______: seen as independent, self-confident, physically attractive, leaders

_____ maturing boys : not well liked , anxious, attention seeking

Early maturing girls: _________, unpopular, stressed (less positive body image)

Late maturing girls: lively, sociable, ________________, leaders

Health issues

anorexia nervosa 90% are ________ Starvation due to _______________ ____________________, malnutrition Caused by individual, family and cultural

forces Hospitalization, family therapy

bulimia- binge purge Lack ____________ Feel depressed and guilty

____________________ Easier to treat

Sexual attitudes and behaviors

attitudes more liberal a decreasing portion are having intercourse;

earlier ages ______ had intercourse by their senior year more boys than girls at all ages downward trend in frequency of _______

___________ # of married teens ___________________

Characteristics of sexually active adolescents: _______ maturation, parental ____________

and divorce, _____ family, _______, poor school performance, lower ________ aspirations

Sexual behaviors (continued)

abstinence-focus has appeared to pay off

STDs – _______________________ HIV/AIDS - high risk group

Teenage pregnancy rates are ____________ Teenage mothers: less likely to _______,

more likely _________, likely to be on welfare

Health (continued)

Substance use and abuse Decline in smoking, alcohol and substance

abuse in past decade ___________:

__________, low income, family mental health problems, parental drug use, lack of parental involvement, ________________

Cognitive development

Piaget’s ________________ stage ability to solve ___________ problems ability to imagine _____________ in a situation

Consequences of abstract thought _______________ Egocentricity

______________ – “on stage” ________________ – inflated opinion of own

importance ; special and unique

Although Susanna desperately wants to learn how to dive, she refuses to practice at the pool because “everyone will be watching me and laugh because I’m the only one who can’t do it.” Her thinking reflects A. Idealisim B. Personal fable C. Cognitive self-regulation D. The imaginary audience

Lorna, an anorexic teenager, has lost so much weight that her bones show clearly, her hair is falling out, and she has stopped menstruating. When she looks in the mirror, she is likely to

think A. “I really like the way I look now.” B. I just need to lose 10 more pounds.” C. “If only I could put weight back on.” D. “Now my parents will be proud of me.”