Chapter 10 The Union in
Peril
10.1 Differences Between North & South:
North South
Industry 1. Sewing Machines 2. Farm Equipment 3. Guns4. 20k miles of track5. Telegraph lines
Agriculture
1. Rural Society2. Economy relies on
crops – cotton3. Rivers –
transportation
Most immigrants settled in the North
Few settled South – lack of work
Immigrants feared slavery for 2 reasons
1. Labor competition 2. Status reduction
10.1 Differences Between North & South:
10.1 Tension Builds
David Wilmot introduces bill
“neither slavery or involuntary servitude shall ever exist”
Bill would ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico
Provision divides Congress along regional lines
Northerners were angry:
1. Southerners refused to support the American System
2. Slave States = more members in Congress 3. Deny economic opportunities to Northern
workers
10.1 The Wilmot Proviso
Southerners oppose Proviso: 1.Raised complex issues – slaves are property 2.Property protected by Constitution 3.Law would equate to power shift benefiting the
North
10.1 The Wilmot Proviso
Provision passes the House of Representatives, but is rejected by the Senate
10.1 The Wilmot Proviso
Population explosion
Constitutional convention held
1. Constitution adopted2. Governor elected 3. Legislature elected
Applies to join Union
California
California Missouri Compromise
application desired Resulting in California
becoming a…
President Taylor – States decision
Southern threat – succession
1. California 2. Border dispute 3. Abolish slavery in D.C. 4. Enforce Fugitive Slave Act if
1793
Senate Debates
Clay’s Compromise Compromise of 1850
North South
1. California free
2. Popular Sovereignty
1. More effective slave act
2. Popular Sovereignty
3. $10 million to Texas for New
Mexico
Clay’s Plea Consequences for non-
compliance
1.Disunion 2.War Webster and Calhoun agree on compromise
Senate rejects compromise
Stephen A. Douglas reintroduces the compromise in sections
Compromise passes after eight months
Secession threat halted
Compromise is Adopted
What were the two main reasons that the North feared slavery?
List three or four ways in which the North and South differed?
Describe the Wilmot Proviso and Explain why it was supported by Northerners
Why did California’s application for statehood create an uproar?
What is popular sovereignty? Who pushed for the passage of the
compromise after it was rejected by the Senate?
10.1 Review - WARM-UP
Warm Up November 16 1. List three ways in which the North and the South differed in the mid 1800’s.2. Why did California’s application for statehood cause such and uproar?3. What northern issues and southern issues were addressed by the Compromise of 1850?
1. List three ways in which the North and the South differed in the mid 1800’s.1. The North had an industrial rather than an agricultural economy2. North mainly opposed slavery, while the south relied upon slave labor3. The North had more urban growth as well as more growth in immigrant population2. Why did California’s application for statehood cause such and uproar?While most CA voters opposed slavery, most of the state lay south of the Missouri Compromise line, and therefore legally should have been open to slavery3. What northern issues and southern issues were addressed by the Compromise of 1850?North: banishing of slavery in CA; the restricting of slavery in TX so that it would not include New Mexico.South: a tougher fugitive slave law; money to defray the costs of the War with Mexico (both sides were pleased by popular sovereignty)
What were the two main reasons that the North feared slavery?
1. Labor Competition 2. Status Reduction
List three ways in which the North and South differed?
1. Agriculture 2. Industrial 3. Slavery 4. Immigrants
10.1 Review
Describe the Wilmot Proviso? - Law that would close slavery to new territory
acquired from Mexico
Explain why it was supported by Northerners
- It prevented the expansion of slavery
Why did California’s application for statehood create an uproar?
- Because California banned slavery, thereby making it a free state
10.1 Review
What is popular sovereignty? - Residence vote on slavery issue for their state
Who pushed for the passage of the compromise after it was rejected by the Senate?
- Stephen Douglas
How was Douglas able to get the compromise to pass Congress?
-Unbundling
10.1 Review
KEY TERMS FOR LESSON PLANFUGITIVE SLAVE ACT - PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWSUNDERGROUND RAILROAD – HARRIET TUBMANHARRIET BEECHER STOWE – UNCLE TOM’S CABINKANSAS/NEBRASKA ACT - JOHN BROWNBLEEDING KANSAS
10.2 Protest, Resistance, & Violence
Fugitive Slave Act (Personal Voice pg.311 )
(escaped slaves returned to bondage) Federal Commissioners earned $10 if they returned the slave and$5 if they freed them Personal Liberty Laws – 9 states Forbid imprisonment of slaves andGuaranteed jury trials – drag out Penalty for helping a slave$1000 fine
10.2 Protest, Resistance, & Violence Resisting the Law:
Northerners:1. Organize vigilance committees2. Violence
Nine states pass “personal liberty laws” 3. Banned imprisonment of slaves 4. Guaranteed trial by jury
10.2 Protest, Resistance, & ViolenceThe Underground Railroad:
The evolution…
A network of free blacks and sympathetic Anglo's (abolitionist) would aid slaves in their escape
Slaves hid in secret tunnels or “cupboards”
Once North - options
10.2 Protest, Resistance, & Violence Harriet Tubman Conductor 19 trips 300 slaves Armed with pistol
Destination: Chicago, Illinois
Detroit, Michigan
Sandusky, Ohio
Erie, Pennsylvania
Boston, Massachusetts
Montreal, Canada
10.2 Protest, Resistance, & Violence Uncle Tom’s Cabin:
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)
Reaction to the book
1. Northerners protest slave act2. Southerners criticize it as an attack on the South
10.2 The Kansas-Nebraska Act If Passed; act would…1. Repeal the Missouri Compromise2. Establish popular sovereignty
Both states north of Missouri Compromise Line
Kansas-Nebraska Act would divide states between North & South
1. Kansas – South 2. Nebraska – North - Act becomes law in May 1854
10.2 Bleeding Kansas Popular Sovereignty encourage influx
The race was on… Northerners & Southerners attempt to populate Kansas.
March 1855 minimum population met
Missouri residents invade & vote illegally
Proslavery wins out in Kansas
The Sack of Lawrence
Antislavery settlers establishes town Proslavery grand jury condemns town Posse burns headquarters Loot homes Destroy towns newspapers printing press
Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown responds to Lawrence incident Believed God called on him to fight slavery Brown believes people were killed in
Lawrence Brown seeks revenge
May 24th he and followers attack 5 men Hacked off their heads
Incident leads to wide spread violence 200 people killed, brown leaves Kansas
Violence in Senate
Charles Sumner delivers speech attacking colleagues
Andrew Butler – verbally attacked
Preston Brooks retaliates; hitting Sumner over the head repeatedly with a cane
IN PAIRS…..COMPLETE 1 -4 AND EOC PRACTICE PAGE 317
THEN BEGIN TO READ “THE BIRTH OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY (SECTION 3 318-323) HOMEWORK MAKE SURE YOU FINISH ABOVE READING AND 324-331 SECTION 4 (SLAVERY AND SECESSION
Warm-up
1. Why did Kansas become a center of controversy over the issue of slavery?
1. Why did Kansas become a center of controversy over the issue of slavery?Because the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened the territory to slavery , and both pro and antislavery forces settled in Kansas and fought for control of its territorial government
Politcal Parties – The birth of the Republican Party
KNOW-NOTHINGS a group to curtail the political influence of immigrants. Whenever a member was asked about the group, he would say, “I know nothing.” They accepted into their group only native born Protestants.
FREE SOIL PARTY a short lived political party which opposed the extension of slavery into the territories a “It’s a party for keeping FREE SOIL and not setting men free.”
REPUBLICAN PARTY combined anti-slavery Democrats and Free-Soilers – founder Horace Greeley
10.4 Slavery & Secession Dread Scott
Supreme (racist) Court“slaves were property, not people, and therefore couldgo into a slave state and still be a slave.”
This made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional The Decision - “Slaves do not have the right of citizens”
10.4 Lincoln Douglas Debate
Lincoln challenges Douglas
The debates focused on slavery in the territories
Douglas – though he did not think slavery was immoral, popular sovereignty would allow slavery to pass away on its own
Lincoln – “I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races.”
He did, however, insist that slavery was a moral, social, and political wrong that should not be allowed to spread.
Lincoln Douglas Debates
10.4 Harpers Ferry October 16, 1859, John Brown leads 21 men
Goal:1. Seize federal arsenal in Virginia 2. Give weapons to slaves in area 3. Start uprising
Harpers Ferry Antislavery & Violent Military attacks house
where Brown held hostages
10 of Brown’s men die
Brown captured & charged with treason
December 2, 1859 – hung
Brown viewed as a martyr in North
10.4 Election of 1860
Republican Nomination: Senator William Seward v. Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln win nomination
Other Presidential Candidates:1. J.C Breckinridge – Southern Democrat 2. Stephen A. Douglas – Northern Democrat 3. John Bell – Constitutional Union
10.4 Southern Secession The election proved that the south no
longer had a political voice.
South Carolina responds William Sherman (Personal Voice 330)
Southern States take note: 1. Mississippi2. Florida3. Alabama4. Georgia5. Louisiana 6. Texas
10.4 Southern Secession
February 4, 1861- Confederate States of America
Constitution created:1. Slavery “protected & recognized” 2. Each State “Sovereign & Independent”
Former U.S. Senator Jefferson Daviselected president
10.4 Southern Secession Seven slave states secede but eight remain
Members of Congress & Cabinet resign
President Buchanan confused & unsure what steps needed to be taken.
Chapter 10 Review 1/6 What region of the country favored the
Wilmot Proviso? North
Clay, Calhoun and Webster supported the Compromise of 1850
Secession
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Members of the Know-Nothing Party did not support rights of immigrants
Chapter 10 Review 2/6 Horace Greeley was one of the founders of the
Republican Party.
The topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debate was the issue of slavery in the territories
Know all seven Confederate states
West Virginia refused to secede
The fact that the Southern economy was rural & consisted of mostly plantations its economy became dependant on slavery
Chapter 10 Review 3/6
Henry Clay offered the compromise in hopes of avoiding a war over slavery
Northern resistance 1. Underground Railroad2. Lengthy legal battles 3. Passage of personal liberty laws
Chapter 10 Review 4/6
Passage of the Kansas – Nebraska Act resulted in popular sovereignty in both states
Lincoln became a republican after leaving the Whig party
Buchannan defeats Fremont in 1856 election
- As a result, the South remains in the Union
Chapter 10 Review 5/6
Lincoln felt that slavery was morally & politically wrong
A result of Harpers Ferry was an increase in tensions between North & south
People who supported nativism feared & opposed immigration
1856, democrat James Buchanan won election
Chapter 10 Review 6/6
Know-Nothing Party started as a secret organization
Republicans were united in that they opposed slavery
Free-Soil Party did not want slavery in the territories
In the Lincoln debates Stephen A. Douglas argued that popular sovereignty would allow slavery to pass away on its own
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