Union in peril
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Transcript of Union in peril
CHAPTER 10: THE UNION IN PERIL
BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 1850-1877
THE DIVISIVE POLITICS OF SLAVERY
• Over the centuries, the Northern and Southern sections of the United States had developed into two very different cultural and economic regions
• There were also differences in geography and climate, as well as religious differences
THE SOUTH BEFORE THE WAR
• Rural plantation economy
• Relied on slave labor• “Peculiar Institution”
created tension• Southerners feared
that the loss of slavery would mean lose of cultureFamily working the cotton
field on a Plantation
THE NORTH BEFORE THE WAR• The North had a
more diverse economy
• Industry flourished• Openly opposed
slavery in the South and the new territories
• More urbanized than South
BOSTON HARBOR
Wilmot ProvisoExample of SECTIONALISM in the country
• Northern sponsored bill in 1846; David Wilmot, (D)PA• Stipulated that slavery be prohibited in any territory acquired
from Mexico. CA.UT.NM• Passed House (Northern Majority); failed Senate.
Was the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional?
North View South View
Northerners cite “elastic clause” Missouri Compromise gave Congress control over legislation regarding slavery in the territories.
John Calhoun: slaves were property by the 5th amendment; property rights protected by could carry their slave anywhere.constitution; slaveholders
California Statehood
• California Gold Rush• Population boom let
CA skip territorial status and apply directly for statehood.
• Slave State or Free State?
• CA would upset the “Balance of Power” between the sections
Compromise of 1850Henry Clay
Great Compromiser1. California enters the union as a free
state2. In the rest of the Mexican cession
territory “popular sovereignty” would decide.
3. $10 Million to Settle border dispute between TX & NM
4. End of the slave trade (not slavery) in Washington DC
5. Stronger Fugitive Slave Law.
History Alive USH 8-5, Activity 2.1, Slide G
Fugitive Slave Act
• Federal Crime to help runaway slaves• Officials could arrest runaways in areas where slavery
banned.• Federal Marshalls could organize posses.• no trial by jury for fugitives• fugitives could not testify on their own behalf• fugitives returned to slavery on testimony of claimants• court-appointed commissioners paid $10 if rule for
claimant; $5 if rule for fugitive• Hiding a runaway—6 months in jail and $1000 fine.
Leads to the Underground RR—19 trips Harriet (Moses) Tubman
History Alive USH 8-5, Activity 2.1, Slide H
HarrietBeecherStowe
1811 - 1896
HarrietBeecherStowe
1811 - 1896
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852• Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
• 2 million in a decade!
• Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
• 2 million in a decade!
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
Sumner Brooks Affair
Comparing the Compromises
1852Electio
n Result
s
1852Electio
n Result
s
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
Dred Scott decision (1857)
• DS was taken from Mo. To Wi. (free terr.) • DS sued for his freedom
U.S. Supreme Court:– Dominated by Southerners– Chief Justice Taney (South Carolina)
• 1. DS cannot sue – not a citizen• 2. Residence in Wisconsin does not grant
freedom– Still “property”
• 3. Mo. Compromise unconstitutional
• Reactions of North and South???
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate)
Debates, 1858
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate)
Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
1860Presidenti
alElection
1860Presidenti
alElection
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
John BellConstitutional
Union
John BellConstitutional
Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860
Election
Results
1860
Election
Results
Summary