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Chapter 1
Introduction:Matter and Measurement
John D. Bookstaver
St. Charles Community College
St. Peters, MO
2006, Prentice Hall
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition
Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.;
and Bruce E. Bursten
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Matter:
Anything that has
mass and takes up
____________.
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Matter
Atoms are the building blocks of____________.
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Matter
Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Each element is made of the same kind of atom.
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Matter
Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Each element is made of the same kind of atom.
A compound is made of two or more different kinds ofelements.
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States of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Mixtures and Compounds
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Properties and
Changes of
Matter
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Properties of Matter
Physical Properties:
Can be observed____________changing
a substance into another substance.
Boiling point, density, mass, volume, etc.
Chemical Properties:
Can onlybe observed when a substance is____________into another substance.
Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with
acid, etc.
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Properties of Matter
____________Properties:
Independent of the amount of the
substance that is present.
Density, boiling point, color, etc.
____________Properties:
Dependent upon the amount of thesubstance present.
Mass, volume, energy, etc.
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Changes of Matter
Physical Changes:
Changes in matter that do not change the
____________of a substance.
Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc.
Chemical Changes:
Changes that result in new____________. Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc.
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Chemical Reactions
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Compounds
Compounds can be
broken down into
more____________
particles.
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Electrolysis of Water
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Separation of
Mixtures
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Distillation:
Separates
____________
mixture on the basisof differences in
boiling point.
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Distillation
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Filtration:
Separates solid
substances from
____________andsolutions.
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Chromatography:
Separates substances on the basis of
differences in____________in a solvent.
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Units of
Measurement
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SI Units
Systme International dUnits
Uses a different____________unit for each quantity
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Metric System
______convert the base units into units that
are appropriate for the item being measured.
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Volume
The most commonly
used metric units for
volume are the_____(L) and the milliliter
(mL).
A liter is a cube 1 dm
long on each side. A milliliter is a cube 1 cm
long on each side.
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Uncertainty in Measurements
Different measuring devices have different
uses and different____________of
accuracy.
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Temperature:
A measure of the
____________
________________________of
the particles in a
sample.
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Temperature
In scientificmeasurements, theCelsius and
____________scales
are most often used. The Celsius scale is
based on theproperties of water.
0rC is the freezing pointof water.
100rC is the boilingpoint of water.
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Temperature
The Kelvin is the SIunit of temperature.
It is based on the____________ofgases.
There are nonegative Kelvintemperatures.
K = rC + 273.15
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Temperature
The Fahrenheit
scale is not used in
scientific
measurements.
rF = 9/5(rC) + 32
rC = 5/9(rF 32)
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Density:
Physical property of a substance
d= mV
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Uncertainty inMeasurement
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Significant Figures
The term____________ figures refers
to digits that were measured.
When rounding calculated numbers, we
pay attention to significant figures so we
do not overstate the accuracy of our
answers.
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Significant Figures
1. All____________digits aresignificant.
2. Zeroes____________two significantfigures are themselves significant.
3. Zeroes at the____________of anumber are never significant.
4. Zeroes at the__________of anumber are significant if a decimalpoint is written in the number.
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Significant Figures
When addition or subtraction isperformed, answers are rounded to the
least significant____________ place. When multiplication or division is
performed, answers are rounded to thenumber of digits that corresponds to the
leastnumber of significant figures in anyof the numbers used in the calculation.
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Significant Digit Calculations
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Accuracy versus Precision
____________refers to the
proximity of a measurement to the
true value of a quantity. ____________refers to the
proximity of several
measurements to each other.
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