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Matter

And

Measurement

Chapter 1

Introduction:Matter and Measurement

John D. Bookstaver

St. Charles Community College

St. Peters, MO

2006, Prentice Hall

Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition

Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.;

and Bruce E. Bursten


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Matter:

Anything that has

mass and takes up

____________.


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Matter

Atoms are the building blocks of____________.


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Matter

Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Each element is made of the same kind of atom.


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Matter

Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Each element is made of the same kind of atom.

A compound is made of two or more different kinds ofelements.


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States of Matter


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Classification of Matter


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Mixtures and Compounds


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Properties and

Changes of

Matter


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Properties of Matter

Physical Properties:

Can be observed____________changing

a substance into another substance.

Boiling point, density, mass, volume, etc.

Chemical Properties:

Can onlybe observed when a substance is____________into another substance.

Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with

acid, etc.


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Properties of Matter

____________Properties:

Independent of the amount of the

substance that is present.

Density, boiling point, color, etc.

____________Properties:

Dependent upon the amount of thesubstance present.

Mass, volume, energy, etc.


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Changes of Matter

Physical Changes:

Changes in matter that do not change the

____________of a substance.

Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc.

Chemical Changes:

Changes that result in new____________. Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc.


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Chemical Reactions


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Compounds

Compounds can be

broken down into

more____________

particles.


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Electrolysis of Water


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Separation of

Mixtures


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Distillation:

Separates

____________

mixture on the basisof differences in

boiling point.


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Distillation


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Filtration:

Separates solid

substances from

____________andsolutions.


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Chromatography:

Separates substances on the basis of

differences in____________in a solvent.


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Units of

Measurement


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SI Units

Systme International dUnits

Uses a different____________unit for each quantity


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Metric System

______convert the base units into units that

are appropriate for the item being measured.


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Volume

The most commonly

used metric units for

volume are the_____(L) and the milliliter

(mL).

A liter is a cube 1 dm

long on each side. A milliliter is a cube 1 cm

long on each side.


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Uncertainty in Measurements

Different measuring devices have different

uses and different____________of

accuracy.


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Temperature:

A measure of the

____________

________________________of

the particles in a

sample.


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Temperature

In scientificmeasurements, theCelsius and

____________scales

are most often used. The Celsius scale is

based on theproperties of water.

0rC is the freezing pointof water.

100rC is the boilingpoint of water.


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Temperature

The Kelvin is the SIunit of temperature.

It is based on the____________ofgases.

There are nonegative Kelvintemperatures.

K = rC + 273.15


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Temperature

The Fahrenheit

scale is not used in

scientific

measurements.

rF = 9/5(rC) + 32

rC = 5/9(rF 32)


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Density:

Physical property of a substance

d= mV


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Uncertainty inMeasurement


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Significant Figures

The term____________ figures refers

to digits that were measured.

When rounding calculated numbers, we

pay attention to significant figures so we

do not overstate the accuracy of our

answers.


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Significant Figures

1. All____________digits aresignificant.

2. Zeroes____________two significantfigures are themselves significant.

3. Zeroes at the____________of anumber are never significant.

4. Zeroes at the__________of anumber are significant if a decimalpoint is written in the number.


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Significant Figures

When addition or subtraction isperformed, answers are rounded to the

least significant____________ place. When multiplication or division is

performed, answers are rounded to thenumber of digits that corresponds to the

leastnumber of significant figures in anyof the numbers used in the calculation.


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Significant Digit Calculations


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Accuracy versus Precision

____________refers to the

proximity of a measurement to the

true value of a quantity. ____________refers to the

proximity of several

measurements to each other.

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