In 2015 Chad hosted a multinational task force to com-bat Boko Haram, the Islamic militant group based inNigeria. The Chadian army played a key role in rout-

ing the militant group from their Nigerian bases; inresponse, Boko Haram increased its attacks in Chad. InAugust, 10 Boko Haram militants, charged in conjunctionwith two deadly suicide bombings in N’Djamena in June,were put on trial. They werefound guilty and executed.The long-awaited trial of for-mer Chadian dictator HissèneHabré, charged with havingcommitted human rightsabuses during his rule (1982–90), began in July in Senegal,where a special court hadbeen established.

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population(2013): 38.0 (world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000 population(2013): 14.9 (world avg. 8.1).

Life expectancy at birth (2013): male48.0 years; female 50.2 years.

Adult population (ages 15–49) livingwith HIV (2014): 2.5%2 (world avg.0.8%).

DemographyPopulation (2015): 13,192,000.Density (2015): persons per sq mi26.6, persons per sq km 10.3.

Sex distribution (2011): male49.70%; female 50.30%.

Population projection: (2020)15,254,000; (2030)20,243,000.

Major cities (2010):N’Djamena 818,600;Moundou 141,160; Sarh119,390; Abéché 77,418;Kelo 45,071.

Urban-rural (2014):

Chad

Official name: Jumhuriyyah Tshad (Arabic);République du Tchad (French) (Republic ofChad).

Form of government: unitary republic with onelegislative house (National Assembly [188]).

Head of state: President Idriss Déby.Head of government: Prime Minister KalzeubéPahimi Deubet.

Capital: N’Djamena.Official languages: Arabic; French.Official religion: none.Monetary unit: CFA franc (CFAF); valuation

(Sept. 1, 2015) 1 U.S.$ = CFAF 582.63; 1 £ = CFAF 892.94.

Ethnolinguistic composition (1993):

Per

cent

age

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Age (range)under

1515–29 30–44 45–59 60–74 75–84 85 and

over

45.4%

27.3%

14.7%

8.1%3.7%

0.7% 0.1%

Age breakdown (2010):

Religious affiliation (2005):

Area and populationarea population area population

2009 2009Regions sq km census Regions sq km census

Bahr el Gazel 53,000 257,267Batha 88,000 488,458Bourkou 241,000 93,584Chari-Baguirmi 46,000 578,425Ennedi 211,000 167,919Guéra 62,000 538,359Hadjer-Lamis 29,000 566,858Kanem 75,000 333,387Lac 23,000 433,790Logone Occidental 9,000 689,044Logone Oriental 24,000 779,339Mandoul 17,000 628,065Mayo-Kébbi Est 19,000 774,782

Mayo-Kébbi Ouest 14,000 564,470Moyen-Chari 41,000 588,008Ouaddaï 30,000 721,166Salamat 66,000 302,301Sila 37,000 387,461Tandjilé 17,000 661,906Tibesti 130,000 25,483Wadi Fira (Biltine) 51,000 508,383

CityN’Djamena 1,000 951,418OTHER UNCOUNTED1 — 98,191TOTAL 1,284,000 11,138,064

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National economyBudget (2009). Revenue: CFAF 971,000,000,000 (petroleum revenue

62.9%, nonpetroleum tax revenue 31.1%, grants 6.0%).Expenditures: CFAF 1,125,200,000,000 (current expendi-ture 60.9%, development expenditure 39.1%).

Public debt (external, outstanding; 2013): U.S.$2,123,-000,000.

Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2012): sorghum 1,172,000, millet847,000, yams 420,000, sugarcane 380,000, peanuts(groundnuts) 371,000, corn (maize) 340,000, rice 280,000,cassava 240,000, cattle meat 106,440, sweet potatoes90,000, dry beans 71,000, pulses 55,000, cottonseed55,000, potatoes 52,000, sesame seeds 39,000; livestock(number of live animals) 7,800,000 cattle, 6,800,000

goats, 3,200,000 sheep, 1,500,000 camels; roundwood (2013) 8,179,635cu m, of which fuelwood 91%; fisheries production 100,000 (fromaquaculture, none). Mining and quarrying (2012): aggregate (gravel)200,000; natron 12,000. Manufacturing (2004–05): cotton fibre 88,158;refined sugar 51,823; woven cotton fabrics (2000) 1,000,000 metres;carbonated beverages 104,205 hectolitres; beer 76,485 hectolitres; edi-ble oil (2003–04) 74,514 hectolitres; cigarettes 41,873,000 packs.Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 2011)218,000,000 (218,000,000), by source (2012): fossil fuels 100%; coal,none (none); crude petroleum (barrels; 2011) 42,000,000 (660,000);petroleum products (metric tons; 2011) none (85,000); natural gas,none (none).

Average household size (2004): 5.0.Population economically active (2014): total 4,745,000; participationrates: ages 15–64 (20085) female 47.9%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$13,292,000,000 (U.S.$1,010per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$2,130 per capita).

Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops or left fal-low (2007) 3.4%, in permanent crops 0.03%, in pasture 35.7%, forestarea 9.2%.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2014):

25,350 (army 78.9%, air force 1.4%, repub-lican guard 19.7%)7. Military expenditure aspercentage of GDP (2013): 1.6%; per capitaexpenditure U.S.$18.

Foreign tradeImports (2011): U.S.$3,251,000,000 (metal apparatus6.4%, natural and manufactured gas 5.9%, officeand data-processing machinery 3.4%, nonferrousmetals 3.4%). Major import sources:

Exports (2011): U.S.$4,540,000,000 (crude petroleum86.9%, cattle and other livestock 5.9%, cotton1.5%, gum arabic 0.5%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads: none. Roads (2006):total length 24,855 mi, 40,000 km(paved 2%). Vehicles (2006):passenger cars 18,867; trucks andbuses 28,152.

Education and healthLiteracy (2007): percentage of total populationage 15 and over literate 53.7%; males 61.5%;females 46.3%.

Health: physicians (2004) 345 (1 per 26,370 per-sons); hospital beds (2005) 3,760 (1 per 2,500persons); infant mortality rate (2011) 93.6;undernourished population (2006–08)4,100,000 (39% of total population based onthe consumption of a minimum daily require-ment of 1,760 calories).

1Includes an estimated 94,011 people in Sila and 4,180 people in Tibesti. Official census figure (11,039,873)does not include uncounted persons. 2Statistically derived midpoint of range. 3Taxes less subsidies andless imputed service charges. 4Official census total; summed total equals 2,293,563. 5ILO estimates.6Subscribers. 7UN peacekeeping troops withdrew at the end of 2010.

Internet resources for further information:• La Banque de France: La Zone Franc

www.banque-france.fr/eurosysteme-et-international/zone-franc.html• Institut National de la Statistique, des Etudes Economiques et Démographiques

www.inseedtchad.com

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 5,2526 3976

Landline 2014 24 1.8

Internet users 2009 188 17Broadband 2014 10.16 0.86

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2011 1993

in value % of total labour % of labourCFAF ’000,000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 929 15.8 1,904,248 83.1Mining and quarrying 1,746 29.7Manufacturing 320 5.5 33,670 1.4Construction 398 6.8 10,885 0.5Public utilities 24 0.4 2,026 0.1Transp. and commun. 84 1.4 13,252 0.6Trade, hotels 1,053 17.9 211,812 9.2Finance, real estate 725 12.3 1,071 —Pub. admin., defense 475 8.1 61,875 2.7Services … … 45,453 2.0Other 1213 2.13 9,271 0.4TOTAL 5,875 100.0 2,291,5774 100.0

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