Cells of E. coli bacteria
Purpose:•Allow cells to respond to changes in their environment
•Only make proteins when they are needed
Regulation of Gene ExpressionProkaryotic
The Operon
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/lacoperon.html
Two ways to turn of genes
http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/anim_innerlife.html
So, what to proteins do?
http://www.molecularmovies.com/movies/berry_apoptosis.html
Differentiated Cells of Humans
Regulation of Gene ExpressionEukaryotic
Purpose:•Allow cells to respond to changes in their environment
•Only make proteins when they are needed
•Cell differentiation for specialized structure and function
The genes for “housekeeping” enzymes, such as those involved in glycolysis, are active in all metabolizing cells. In contrast, the genes for specialized proteins are turned on only in particular types of cells.
In summary, the particular genes that are active in each type of differentiated cell are the source of its particular function and structure.
Levels of Gene Expression Control
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/mecp2-lg.mov
Levels of Gene Expression Control
Transcription Factors
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/p53-lg.mov
http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/ppar-gamma-lg.mov
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/ppar-delta-lg.mov
Levels of Gene Expression Control
Alternative Splicing
Levels of Gene Expression Control
Post-translational control
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/proteasome-lg.mov
Levels of Gene Expression Control
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120080/bio31.swf
Cell-cell communicationSignal Transduction
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Immunology/Flash/MAPK.html
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/cellcom/
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