Cells of E. coli bacteria Allow cells to respond to changes in their environment Only make proteins...
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Cells of E. coli bacteria
Purpose:•Allow cells to respond to changes in their environment
•Only make proteins when they are needed
Regulation of Gene ExpressionProkaryotic
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The Operon
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http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/lacoperon.html
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Two ways to turn of genes
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http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/anim_innerlife.html
So, what to proteins do?
http://www.molecularmovies.com/movies/berry_apoptosis.html
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Differentiated Cells of Humans
Regulation of Gene ExpressionEukaryotic
Purpose:•Allow cells to respond to changes in their environment
•Only make proteins when they are needed
•Cell differentiation for specialized structure and function
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The genes for “housekeeping” enzymes, such as those involved in glycolysis, are active in all metabolizing cells. In contrast, the genes for specialized proteins are turned on only in particular types of cells.
In summary, the particular genes that are active in each type of differentiated cell are the source of its particular function and structure.
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Levels of Gene Expression Control
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http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/mecp2-lg.mov
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Levels of Gene Expression Control
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Transcription Factors
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/p53-lg.mov
http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html
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http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/ppar-gamma-lg.mov
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/ppar-delta-lg.mov
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Levels of Gene Expression Control
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Alternative Splicing
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Levels of Gene Expression Control
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Post-translational control
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/proteasome-lg.mov
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Levels of Gene Expression Control
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120080/bio31.swf
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Cell-cell communicationSignal Transduction
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Immunology/Flash/MAPK.html
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/cellcom/
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