Ch 6 Anatomy and Physioloy

• This chapter involves many medical terms and

highly used terminology that you should all

should become familiar with. I ADVISE you to

bring in NOTE CARDS in order to become

more aware of these words and their

locations on the human body

Anatomy

• The study of the structures of the human

body that can be seen with the naked eye

• The science of the structures of organisms and

their parts

Anatomy 2

• Physiology=The study of the functions

performed by the body structure

• Histology=The study of the science of the

human tissues and microscopic anatomy

Cells

• The basic unit of ALL living things

– The body has trillions of cells that vary in shape &

size

– Without cells, life does not exist

Structure of a Cell

• Within the cell is a colorless, jellylike

substance called Protoplasm, which holds

many the elements the cell needs to live

• The Nucleus is the dense, active protoplasm in

the center of the cell, vital to cell reproduction

• Cytoplasm=the watery fluid containing the

food for the cell needed for reproduction,

metabolism, & self repair

• Cell Membrane-encloses the cell & permits

material to enter or leave

Cell Reproduction

• Cell use Mitosis, in order to reproduce into

two identical cells called DAUGHTER CELLS

– With ideal conditions, the cell will grow and live

and eventually split into even more cells

Metabolism of a Cell

• Chemical process that takes place in living

organisms within two phases that are

continuous

– 1) Anabolism building larger molecules from

smaller molecules; water, food, & oxygen are all

stored for growth and repair

– 2)Catabolism breaking down the compounds

within the smaller ones to release energy for

muscle contractions, body secretions, or heat

production

Tissues

• Tissues are a collection of similar cells

performing a certain function identified by

characteristic appearance

– Five Types of Tissues

• 1) Connective – support, protect, and bind tissues

together (ex. Bone, tendons, and cartilage)

• 2) Epithelial-protective covering on body surfaces (skin,

organ linings, mucous membranes)

• 3) Liquid-carries food, waste products, and hormones

(ex. Blood)

Tissues 2/2

• 4) Muscular-moves parts of the body by

contracting

• 5) Nerve-carries messages to & from the brain

to control and coordinate bodily functions (ex.

Spinal cord, nerves, brain)

http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/tissue-types-

picture.htm

http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/heal

thinvestigations.asp?sid=4

Organs 1-4 of 8• Groups of tissues designed to perform a

specific function within the human body

– 1. Brain & nervous system – Controls the Body

– 2. Eyes and optic muscles - Control Vision

– 3. Heart & arteries – circulates the blood

– 4. Kidneys – excrete water, waste products and

filters blood

Organs 5-8 of 8

– 5. Lungs – supplies oxygen to blood

– 6. Intestines- reabsorb fluids and remove toxins

during digestion

– 7. Skin – external protective covering of the body

– 8. stomach-digests food after ingestion

Body Systems – 1 of 4

• Group of bodily organs acting together to perform

one or more functions

– 1. Circulatory - made up of the vessels and the muscles

that help and control the flow of the blood around the

body.

– 2. Digestive-is made up of the digestive tract—a series of

hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the

mouth to the anus—and other organs that help the

body break down and absorb food

– 3. Endocrine – consists of specialized glands; affects

growth, development, and general health of entire

body.

Digestive System

Circulatory System

Endocrine System

Body Systems 2 of 4

• 4. Excretory-purifies the body by elimination

of waste matter & consists of kidneys, liver,

skin, intestines, and lungs

• 5. Integument-serves as a protective covering

and helps regulate body temperature; consists

of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands

• 6. Muscular-serves as the method to help

organs function (smooth and cardiac) and

bones move (skeletal).

Excretory System

Integumentary System

Muscular System

Body Systems 3 of 4

• 7. Nervous-consists of two sub systems, the

Central nervous system-CNS (brain and spinal

cord) which directs the body and the

Peripheral nervous system-PNS (wiring and

nerves) sense everything and relays to the

brain

• 8. Reproductive-responsible for processes by

which plants and animals produce offspring

and reproduce

Nervous System

Body Systems – 4 of 4

• 9. Respiratory- system in which oxygen and

carbon dioxide is exchanged for metabolism

consisting of the airways, lungs, and

respiratory muscles.

• 10. Skeletal – physical foundation of the body;

consists of the bones and movable and

immovable joints

MAKE NOTECARDS OF THESE TERMS!

Respiratory System

Skeletal System