Cells and Tissues -...
Transcript of Cells and Tissues -...
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Ch 6 Anatomy and Physioloy
• This chapter involves many medical terms and
highly used terminology that you should all
should become familiar with. I ADVISE you to
bring in NOTE CARDS in order to become
more aware of these words and their
locations on the human body
Anatomy
• The study of the structures of the human
body that can be seen with the naked eye
• The science of the structures of organisms and
their parts
Anatomy 2
• Physiology=The study of the functions
performed by the body structure
• Histology=The study of the science of the
human tissues and microscopic anatomy
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Cells
• The basic unit of ALL living things
– The body has trillions of cells that vary in shape &
size
– Without cells, life does not exist
Structure of a Cell
• Within the cell is a colorless, jellylike
substance called Protoplasm, which holds
many the elements the cell needs to live
• The Nucleus is the dense, active protoplasm in
the center of the cell, vital to cell reproduction
• Cytoplasm=the watery fluid containing the
food for the cell needed for reproduction,
metabolism, & self repair
• Cell Membrane-encloses the cell & permits
material to enter or leave
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Cell Reproduction
• Cell use Mitosis, in order to reproduce into
two identical cells called DAUGHTER CELLS
– With ideal conditions, the cell will grow and live
and eventually split into even more cells
Metabolism of a Cell
• Chemical process that takes place in living
organisms within two phases that are
continuous
– 1) Anabolism building larger molecules from
smaller molecules; water, food, & oxygen are all
stored for growth and repair
– 2)Catabolism breaking down the compounds
within the smaller ones to release energy for
muscle contractions, body secretions, or heat
production
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Tissues
• Tissues are a collection of similar cells
performing a certain function identified by
characteristic appearance
– Five Types of Tissues
• 1) Connective – support, protect, and bind tissues
together (ex. Bone, tendons, and cartilage)
• 2) Epithelial-protective covering on body surfaces (skin,
organ linings, mucous membranes)
• 3) Liquid-carries food, waste products, and hormones
(ex. Blood)
Tissues 2/2
• 4) Muscular-moves parts of the body by
contracting
• 5) Nerve-carries messages to & from the brain
to control and coordinate bodily functions (ex.
Spinal cord, nerves, brain)
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http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/tissue-types-
picture.htm
http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/heal
thinvestigations.asp?sid=4
Organs 1-4 of 8• Groups of tissues designed to perform a
specific function within the human body
– 1. Brain & nervous system – Controls the Body
– 2. Eyes and optic muscles - Control Vision
– 3. Heart & arteries – circulates the blood
– 4. Kidneys – excrete water, waste products and
filters blood
Organs 5-8 of 8
– 5. Lungs – supplies oxygen to blood
– 6. Intestines- reabsorb fluids and remove toxins
during digestion
– 7. Skin – external protective covering of the body
– 8. stomach-digests food after ingestion
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Body Systems – 1 of 4
• Group of bodily organs acting together to perform
one or more functions
– 1. Circulatory - made up of the vessels and the muscles
that help and control the flow of the blood around the
body.
– 2. Digestive-is made up of the digestive tract—a series of
hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the
mouth to the anus—and other organs that help the
body break down and absorb food
– 3. Endocrine – consists of specialized glands; affects
growth, development, and general health of entire
body.
Digestive System
Circulatory System
Endocrine System
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Body Systems 2 of 4
• 4. Excretory-purifies the body by elimination
of waste matter & consists of kidneys, liver,
skin, intestines, and lungs
• 5. Integument-serves as a protective covering
and helps regulate body temperature; consists
of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands
• 6. Muscular-serves as the method to help
organs function (smooth and cardiac) and
bones move (skeletal).
Excretory System
Integumentary System
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Muscular System
Body Systems 3 of 4
• 7. Nervous-consists of two sub systems, the
Central nervous system-CNS (brain and spinal
cord) which directs the body and the
Peripheral nervous system-PNS (wiring and
nerves) sense everything and relays to the
brain
• 8. Reproductive-responsible for processes by
which plants and animals produce offspring
and reproduce
Nervous System
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Body Systems – 4 of 4
• 9. Respiratory- system in which oxygen and
carbon dioxide is exchanged for metabolism
consisting of the airways, lungs, and
respiratory muscles.
• 10. Skeletal – physical foundation of the body;
consists of the bones and movable and
immovable joints
MAKE NOTECARDS OF THESE TERMS!
Respiratory System
Skeletal System