Download - Cargo and container movement between ASEAN and India · Cargo and container movement between ASEAN and India Prabir De RIS, New Delhi Seminar on the Development of an Integrated Transport

Cargo and container movement between ASEAN and India

Prabir DeRIS, New Delhi

Seminar on the Development of an Integrated Transport and Logistics system in ASEAN countries

and Pacific subregion

UNESCAP, Bangkok21-23 November 2012

Outline

• Trade between ASEAN and India– Containerized cargo movement between Indian

and ASEAN ports • Cargo handled by major Indian and ASEAN

ports• Emerging liner shipping networks between

India and ASEAN• Challenges that India and ASEAN facing in

maritime connectivity

ASEAN-India trade

ASEAN is India’s major trade partner

2000 2006 2007 2011 CAGR* (%)

ASEAN 7.13 28.36 36.96 76.44 23.83

ASEAN+3 18.02 73.45 98.39 184.90 24.73

World 92.96 297.23 388.80 670.76 20.50

2000 2006 2007 2011

ASEAN 7.67 9.54 9.51 11.39

ASEAN+3 15.67 22.34 23.11 27.57

World 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

(b) Global share (%)

(a) Volume (US$ billion)

Source: DOTS, IMF

India’s trade with ASEAN and ASEAN+3

Trade growing exponentially• India’s trade with

ASEAN has been growing exponentially– 2.38 billion in 1990– 76.44 billion in 2011

• ASEAN as India’s partner – 11.74% export share and 8.73% import share

• ASEAN-India FTA in goods from 1Jan2010

• India’s trade yet to pick-up with CLMV countries

y = 1.4086e0.1783x

R2 = 0.9622

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

US

$ bi

llion

India’s Trade with ASEAN

Manufactured and intermediate goods major Indian exports to ASEAN

Export (US$ bln.)

Total all products 17.899

Primary commodities, excluding fuels 4.361

All food items 2.447

Manufactured goods 9.399

Chemical products 1.904

Machinery and transport equipment 5.233

Other manufactured goods 2.261

Iron and steel 0.717

Textile fibres, yarn, fabrics and clothing 0.613

Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 3.147

Source: Calculated based on UNCOMTRADE

Indian Exports to ASEAN, 2009

ASEAN and India: Export destination and import originFor ASEAN India as export destination India as import origin

1990 2000 2009 1990 2000 2009

All commodities 1.3% 1.6% 3.3% 0.9% 1.0% 2.1%

Manufactured goods 1.1% 1.3% 2.7% 0.9% 0.8% 1.7%

Machinery 0.9% 1.0% 2.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.9%

For India ASEAN as export destination

ASEAN as import origin

1990 2000 2009 1990 2000 2009All commodities 5.4% 6.5% 10.6% 6.3% 11.0% 9.1%Manufactured goods

5.3% 5.9% 9.2% 5.7% 9.9% 7.5%

Machinery 12.7% 11.6% 19.2% 6.4% 17.1% 9.9%


India’s machinery exports by destinations

Industry composition of ASEAN’s total merchandise exports to India

Industry composition of ASEAN’s total merchandise imports from India

Exporter country composition of ASEAN’s machinery exports to India

Importer country composition of ASEAN’s machinery imports from India

Major machinery goods imported by ASEAN countries from India in 2009

CountryHS codes in the HS

1992 classCommodity description Type

Value (million US$

constant 2005)

Share of the country’s

machinery imports from

IndiaSingapore No.

8525.20Transmit-receive apparatus, including mobile phones

Products 163 21%

No. 8704.23

Diesel powered trucks weighing > 20t Products 77 10%

Indonesia No. 8525.20

Transmit-receive apparatus, including mobile phones

Products 379 57%

No. 8704.10

Dump trucks designed for off-highway use

Products 72 11%

Thailand No. 8525.20


Products 125 32%

No. 8708.40

Transmissions for motor vehicles Parts 58 15%

Malaysia No. 8525.20


Products 30 11%

Viet Nam No. 8525.20


Products 101 42%

No. 8901.90

Cargo vessels other than tanker or refrigerated

Products 75 31%


How much trade between ASEAN and India generating container cargo?

Korea

India JapanChina

Indonesia

Malaysia Thailand

Vietnam

Philippines

Singapore

0.65

1.82 0.13

0.22

0.020.31

0.36

0.61

0.20

0.30 0.

11

0.29 0.18 0.

08

0.240.05

0.030.08

Data in million TEUs

*Calculated based on UNCOMTRADE

Year: 2011

*

*

India’s containerised trade with ASEAN+3 countries

(million TEUs

6.935.64Total0.300.29Vietnam0.480.40Thailand0.330.25Singapore0.060.07Philippines0.510.50Malaysia0.460.33Korea0.760.35Japan0.580.97Indonesia3.462.47China

2010-112009-10Partner


Indian import of coal and iron ore from ASEAN, 2010-11

Total Import (MT)

Highest share (%)

Highest share (MT)

IRON ORE/ PELLETS

Highest share (%)

Highest share (MT)

Total Import (MT)

COAL (COKING)

100.000.05 (PPT)0.05THAILAND

100.000.049 (PPT)0.05PHILLIPINES

100.000.031 (TPT)0.03THAILAND52.38

6.35 (MbPT)12.12INDONESIA

100.000.043 (HDC)0.04SINGAPORECOAL (THERMAL)

100.000.011 (HDC)0.01JAPAN100.00

0.087 (PPT)0.09VIETNAM

56.790.209 (TPT)0.37INDONESIA100.00

0.16 (MoPT)0.16SINGAPORE

94.740.036 (KDS)0.04CHINA100.00

0.009 (VPT)0.01MALAYSIA

38.621.322 (TPT)3.42OTHER ORE100.00

0.014 (PPT)0.01JAPAN

100.000.055

(MoPT)0.06PHILLIPINES85.371.622

(NMPT)1.90INDONESIA

100.000.036 (VPT)0.04CHINA70.91

0.156 (ChPT)0.22CHINA

Indian import of POL, fertilizer, edible oil and iron & steel from ASEAN, 2010-11

Total Import

85.140.063 (KPT)0.07SINGAPORE

100.000.008

(JNPT)0.01KOREA63.640.014 (ChPT)0.02MALAYSIA

44.830.013

(JNPT)0.03SINGAPORE74.790.27 (MbPT)0.36KOREA

35.650.123

(ChPT)0.35MALAYSIA61.300.358 (KPT)0.58JAPAN

27.290.628

(HDC)2.30INDONESIA88.460.023 (HDC)0.03INDONESIA

EDIBLE OIL72.681.253 (MbPT)1.72CHINA

70.560.127 (PPT)0.18MALAYSIAIRON & STEEL

59.870.094 (PPT)0.16JAPAN22.690.777 (PPT)3.42SINGAPORE

82.610.019 (PPT)0.02INDONESIA54.170.143 (HDC)0.26MALAYSIA

FRM-LIQUID44.090.041 (JNPT)0.09KOREA

72.220.026 (KPT)0.04CHINA54.170.039 (VPT)0.07JAPAN

FRM-DRY49.230.064 (ChPT)0.13INDONESIA

100.000.033 (VPT)0.03PHILLIPINES100.000.017 (HDC)0.02CHINA

100.000.014 (VPT)0.01MALAYSIAPOL- PRODUCTS

70.000.091 (VPT)0.13INDONESIA100.000.253 (PPT)0.25SINGAPORE

57.041.243 (VPT)2.18CHINA44.170.762 (VPT)1.73MALAYSIA

Highest shareFERTILIZERHighest shareTotal importPOL-CRUDE

Indian export of bulk cargo to ASEAN, 2010-11

Total export (MT)

43.670.07 (TPT)0.16MALAYSIA

100.000.08 (ChPT00.08SINGAPORE

64.520.06 (PPT)0.09JAPAN

100.000.05 (MoPT)0.05SINGAPORE100.000.02 (KPT)0.02INDONESIA

100.000.02 (VPT)0.02PHILLIPINES83.450.37 (PPT)0.45CHINA

100.000.42 (VPT)0.42KOREAOTHER ORES

100.001.94 (VPT)1.94JAPAN100.000.01 (ChPT)0.01INDONESIA

53.7037.07 (MoPT)69.04CHINAFOOD GRAIN

100.000.05 (NMPT)0.05AUSTRALIA47.043.41 (KPT)7.25SINGAPORE

IRON ORE85.051.09 (NMPT)1.28MALAYSIA

100.000.07 (VPT)0.07SINGAPORE68.660.29 (ChPT)0.42KOREA

100.000.01 (VPT)0.01MALAYSIA30.130.30 (KPT)0.99JAPAN

100.000.01 (VPT)0.01INDONESIA46.410.07 (KPT)0.15INDONESIA

88.890.01 (KDS)0.01CHINA46.020.21 (VPT)0.45CHINA

Highest share (%)

Highest share (MT)IRON & STEEL

Highest share (%)

Highest share (MT)

Total export (MT)POL-PRODUCT

Cargo profile of major ASEAN and Indian ports

Cargo handled by major Indian ports

**CAGR refers the period 2005/06 – 2011/12. *Estimated

Major Port 2005-06 2005-06 2011-12 2011-12 2012-13 2012-13* CAGR**

Volume Share Volume Share Volume Share (%)

Kolkata 10.80 2.55 12.23 2.18 14.10 (13) 2.35 2.09

Haldia 42.33 9.99 31.01 5.54 36.00 (9) 5.99 -5.05

Paradip 33.11 7.82 54.25 9.68 63.00 (6) 10.48 8.58

Vizag 55.80 13.17 67.42 12.04 70.00 (2) 11.65 3.20

Ennore 9.17 2.16 14.96 2.67 14.50 (12) 2.41 8.50

Chennai 47.25 11.16 55.71 9.95 57.00 (5) 9.48 2.78

Tuticorin 17.14 4.05 28.11 5.02 30.00 (10) 4.99 8.59

Cochin 13.89 3.28 20.09 3.59 23.50 (11) 3.91 6.34

New Mangalore 34.45 8.13 32.94 5.88 36.00 (8) 5.99 -0.74

Mormugao 31.69 7.48 39.00 6.96 44.00 (7) 7.32 3.52

Mumbai 44.19 10.43 56.18 10.03 61.00 (4) 10.15 4.08

Jawaharlal Nehru 37.83 8.93 65.75 11.74 63.00 (3) 10.48 9.65

Kandla 45.91 10.84 82.50 14.73 89.00 (1) 14.81 10.26

Total 423.56 100.00 560.15 100.00 601.10 100.00 4.77

(Volume in million tonne and share in %)

Source: Ministry of Shipping, Government of India ***Data in parentheses are ranks

Cargo composition (2011) – Indian east coast portsKolkata Haldia Paradip Vizag Ennore Chennai Tuticorin

POL 0.72 9.34 11.65 18.29 0.40 13.43 0.51

Iron ore 0.81 7.68 16.16 18.11 0.94 7.88 0.04

Fertilizer (finished) 0.00 0.18 0.08 2.91 0.00 0.36 1.22

Fertilizer (raw materials) 0.05 0.12 3.49 0.78 0.00 0.23 0.87

Thermal coal 0.00 1.49 14.82 3.71 9.28 1.84 5.81

Coking coal 0.02 6.04 5.00 7.41 0.00 1.53 0.00

Containerized 6.65 2.01 0.04 1.68 0.00 23.48 6.60

Other 4.80 6.40 5.77 12.62 0.09 12.32 8.73

Total 13.05 33.25 57.01 65.50 10.70 61.06 23.79

(Million tonnes)

Cargo composition (2011) - Indian west coast ports

Cochin New Mangalore Mormugao MumbaiJawaharlal

Nehru Kandla

POL 11.96 21.34 0.96 34.60 5.08 47.21

Iron ore 0.00 7.06 40.57 0.00 0.00 0.66

Fertilizer (finished) 0.14 0.82 0.13 0.20 0.00 4.91Fertilizer (raw materials) 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.79

Thermal coal 0.15 0.00 0.96 3.75 0.00 2.30

Coking coal 0.00 2.79 3.78 0.00 0.00 0.93

Containerized 3.93 0.48 0.19 0.61 53.08 2.42

Other 1.04 3.03 2.25 15.15 2.59 20.30

Total 17.43 35.53 48.85 54.54 60.75 79.52

(Million tonnes)

Container cargo handled by major Indian ports

2000-01 2005-06 2011-12

CAGR (%)(2000/01 –2011/12)

Kolkata 0.14 0.20 0.47 11.68Haldia 0.05 0.11 0.14 9.69Paradip 0.00 0.00 0.00 114.84Vizag 0.02 0.05 0.12 17.69Chennai 0.35 0.74 1.39 13.28Tuticorin 0.16 0.32 0.45 9.93Cochin 0.14 0.20 0.33 8.02New Mangalore 0.00 0.01 0.03 29.38

Mormugao 0.00 0.01 0.02 14.65Mumbai 0.32 0.16 0.06 -14.41

Jawaharlal Nehru 1.19 2.67 4.87 13.67Kandla 0.09 0.15 0.15 4.61

(Million TEUs)

Container cargo handled by ASEAN countries and India

Share in worldVolume



9.751.854.981.372.451.14India5.981.142.540.701.190.56Viet Nam6.651.265.121.413.181.48Thailand29.185.5523.196.3817.107.98Singapore4.950.943.631.003.031.41Philippines0.170.030.000.00Myanmar18.253.4712.203.364.642.17Malaysia

0.000.000.00Lao PDR8.371.595.501.513.801.77Indonesia0.220.040.000.00Cambodia0.090.020.000.00Brunei

201020102005200520002000Country

(Volume in million TEU, share in %)

Container cargo handled by major ASEAN ports

61.50Total

3.00VietnamSaigon1.20VietnamHai Pong5.70ThailandLaem Chabang

29.90SingaporeSingapore3.50PhilippinesManila7.50MalaysiaTanjung Pelepas9.50MalaysiaKlang1.20MalaysiaPenang5.70IndonesiaTanjung Priok

Container Handled in 2011(million TEUs)CountryPort

Capacity utilization of selected container ports

5410.55.7ThailandLaem Chabang

975.95.7IndonesiaTanjung Priok

898.47.5MalaysiaTanjung Pelepas

1198.09.5MalaysiaKlang

10029.929.9SingaporeSingapore

Utilization rate (%)

Current capacity (Million TEUs)

Current traffic

(Million TEUs)CountryPort

Future container capacity addition in ASEAN ports

201711.010.5ThailandLaem Chabang

201518.05.9IndonesiaTanjung Priok

201310.08.4MalaysiaTanjung Pelepas

201310.08.0MalaysiaKlang

201855.029.9SingaporeSingapore

YearFuture capacity (Million TEUs)

Current capacity (million TEUs)CountryPort

New container terminal projects in India

57.6670004th Container Terminal9.66000

Development of standalone container handling facility with a quay length of 330 m North of NSICT Terminal

Jawaharlal Nehru

4831250Creation of Mega Container

TerminalChennai

63122.3Conversion of berth no. – 8 as

Container TerminalTuticorin

1514070Development of Container

TerminalEnnore

4.242758.2Development of Container

TerminalNew Mangalore

(INR Million)

Capacity (MTPA)Estimated CostProjectPort

Future traffic in India

2494.952019.31911.69Total

1210.13987.81351.56Non-major ports

1214.821031.50560.13Major ports

2019-202016-172011-12*Port

Source: Maritime Agenda: 2010-2020, Government of India

(million tonnes)

*Actual

Performance varies in international shipping - liner connectivity index

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Brunei Darussalam 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.9 5.1 4.7Cambodia 3.9 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.5 4.7 4.5 5.4China 100.0 108.3 113.1 127.8 137.4 132.5 143.6 152.1Hong Kong SAR, China 94.4 96.8 99.3 106.2 108.8 104.5 113.6 115.3Indonesia 25.9 28.8 25.8 26.3 24.8 25.7 25.6 25.9Japan 69.1 66.7 64.5 62.7 66.6 66.3 67.4 67.8Korea, Rep. 68.7 73.0 71.9 77.2 76.4 86.7 82.6 92.0Lao PDRMalaysia 62.8 65.0 69.2 81.6 77.6 81.2 88.1 91.0Myanmar 3.1 2.5 2.5 3.1 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.2Philippines 15.4 15.9 16.5 18.4 30.3 15.9 15.2 18.6Singapore 81.9 83.9 86.1 87.5 94.5 99.5 103.8 105.0Thailand 31.0 31.9 33.9 35.3 36.5 36.8 43.8 36.7Vietnam 12.9 14.3 15.1 17.6 18.7 26.4 31.4 49.7India 34.1 36.9 42.9 40.5 42.2 41.0 41.4 41.5Sri Lanka 34.7 33.4 37.3 42.4 46.1 34.7 40.2 41.1

Source: UNCTAD

Quality of port infrastructure below average

4.94.94.84.54.1Sri Lanka3.93.93.53.33.5India3.43.63.32.82.8Vietnam4.75.04.74.44.7Thailand6.86.86.86.86.8Singapore3.02.83.03.22.8Philippines

Myanmar5.75.65.55.75.7Malaysia

Lao PDR5.55.55.15.25.5Korea, Rep.5.25.25.25.25.5Japan3.63.63.43.02.7Indonesia6.66.86.86.66.5Hong Kong SAR, China4.54.34.34.34.0China4.03.93.53.43.4Cambodia4.44.54.85.0Brunei Darussalam

20112010200920082007

Note: WEF (1=extremely underdeveloped to 7=well developed and efficient by international standards)

Performance of ports (average turn round time for container)

April - September 2012 April - September 2011Kolkata 4.23 4.27Haldia 2.38 2.69Paradip 3.04 3.58Vizag 1.76 1.76EnnoreChennai 2.07 2.55Tuticorin 1.75 1.86Cochin 0.75 1.24New Mangalore 1.66 1.43Mormugao 1.43 2.19Mumbai 1.56 4.64Jawaharlal Nehru* 4.69 3.99Kandla 2.09 3.65India average 2.28 2.82

*Refers to JNPCT only. For NSICT and GTIPL, turn around time are1.60 and 1.27 days respectively for the period April – September 2012. The same for April – September 2011 are 2.03 and 8.61 days, respectively.

(Days)

Source: Indian Ports Association, New Delhi

Liner networks between India and ASEAN

Direct call, container trade

19 days

21 days

25 days28 days

*MAERSK routes

Feeder ports

Kolkata/Haldia

Singapore

Mumbai

Chennai

JawaharlalNehru Cochin

Mundra

Port Klang

*APL routes

ASEAN-India maritime connectivity projects

Important regional maritime connectivity projects

• Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project

• Mekong – India Economic Corridor

•SittweCh. 0.0 km

•PaletwaCh. 158 Km

•Kaletwa(Ch 225 km

•Myeikwa(IM Border)

•Kyauktaw

•Bay of Bengal

Kolkata Sittwe 539 km

Sittwe Paletwa 158 km

Paletwa Kaletwa 67 km

Kaletwa Myeikwa (IM Border) 62 km

Myeikwa (IM Border) Lawngtlai 100 km

Lawngtlai Aizawl 334 km

•Aizawl

•Lawngtlai

•NH

54

•B A N G L A D E S H•I N D I A

•Myanmar

•I N D I A•Kaladan

R.

Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport System

I W T

•RO

AD

IN IN

DIA

RO

AD

IN

M

YA

NM

AR

DISTANCES

KMTTS - Project details

• Piloted and funded by MEA .

• Based on DPR prepared by RITES in 2003.

• Project area entirely in Myanmar.

• Transport infrastructure components planned originally

– Port/IWT development between Sittwe and Kaletwa along Kaladan river

– Road form Kaletwa to Indo-Myanmar border(Mizoram)

KMTTS - Project components

• Fairway development/ Sea-dredging in Sittwe port area

• Construction of Port/IWT terminals at Sittwe

• Fairway development/Dredging on Sittwe - Paletwa stretch of Kaladan river (158 Km)

• Construction of IWT Terminal at Paletwa

• Construction of 6 IWT vessels (300 ton each)

• Highway (129 kms) from Paletwa to Indo-Myanmar Border.

KMTTS - Routes

Stretch Mode Distance(in km)

Kolkata- Sittwe Sea route 539

Sittwe- Paletwa* IWT (Kaladan) 158

Paletwa-Kaletwa-Indo Myanmar border*

Road 129

Total 826

* Post DPR review

Mekong – India Economic Corridor• MIEC involves integrating the four

Mekong countries (Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam) with India.

• It connects Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) with Dawei (Myanmar) via Bangkok (Thailand) and Phnom Penh (Cambodia) and further linking to Chennai in India.

• It is expected to augment trade with India by reducing travel distance between India and MIEC countries and removing supply side bottlenecks.

• Approx. investment US$ 88 billion.

Mumbai

Bangalore

Dawei Bangkok

Phnom Penn

Ho Chi Min City

Sea Route

Proposed Chennai- Bangalore-Mumbai Corridor on NH-4

Southern DFC is in the similar alignment of the existing rail network Mekong India Corridor

covering four countries

Delhi

Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor on NH-8 along the alignment of West Dedicated Freight Corridor

Automobile Cluster

Textile/ Garment Cluster

IT/ ITES Cluster

Chennai- Ennore

MIEC - Layout

Development of container terminal at Ennore, present status

Present Status

The concession Agreement was signed on 13.08.2010 with Bay of Bengal Gateway Terminal Pvt Ltd.Letter of Award issued to Scott Wilson India Pvt Ltd on 18.10.2010 for providing Independent Engineering Services for the project.The Concessionaire has taken up various pre-project activities such as finalization of design, drawing, DPR etc.

18 MT (1.5 Million TEUs)Estimated Capacity Addition

140.70Estimated Cost (INR billion)

Development of Container Terminal (Phase-I, 1000 M in length)

Name of the Scheme

Some challenges• Inadequate port capacity – both ASEAN and India• Rise in container traffic between India and ASEAN, but

limited direct call• No operation of short sea shipping between ASEAN and

India• Rising congestion in Indian and Chinese ports an Asia-

wide problem • Performance of ports need to be continuously monitored

and improved• Lack in common rules for standards and conformity

assessment• Shortfall of trained human resources handling ports and

shipping services

Thank you

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