Carbohydrates
Mini LectureAP Biology/Radjewski
PDQ 1-2
Carbohydrates• Source of stored energy (spaghetti dinners)• Transport stored energy within complex
organisms (food glucose travels through bloodstream)
• Structural molecules that give many organisms their shapes (chitin forms exosksletons)
• Recognition or signaling molecules that can trigger specific biological responses (control gene expression in plants)
nn OHC )( 2
Monosaccharides PDQ 3-4
• simple sugars
• Pentoses are 5-carbon sugars
• Hexoses (C6H12O6) include glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Mono Di PDQ 5
• Monosaccharides are covalently bonded by condensation reactions that form glycosidic linkages.
• Sucrose is a disaccharide.
Common Disaccharides
Polysaccharides PDQ 6• large polymers of monosaccharides; the chains
can be branching.• Starches—a family of polysaccharides of glucose;
main energy storage molecule in plants• Glycogen—highly branched polymer of glucose;
main energy storage molecule in mammals• Cellulose—the most abundant carbon-containing
(organic) biological compound on Earth; stable; good structural material
• Chitin - the component in exoskeletons, contains nitrogen
PDQ 7Cellulose
PDQ 7Starch
PDQ 7Glycogen
Build a carbohydrate
• Build a polysaccharide• Attach waters• Label the glycosidic linkages
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