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Cuban MissileCrisis
By Philip Brenner
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CIA Briefing MapMeeting of
the ExComm
October 16, 1962
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U-2 Photo of Missile Site, October 14, 1962
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Missile Warhead
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ExCommDeliberationDuring theCrisis
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Letter from Nikita Khrushchev to John F. Kennedy,
October 26, 1962
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Black SaturdaySecond Letter
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Black Saturday
Low-levelreconnaissance
of Cuban anti-
aircraft sites
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U.S. Lessons Crises can be managed
Secrecy
Small group with open discussion
Exclude and misinform Congress and public
Steel Will(Eyeball to Eyeball) Toughness
Resolve Superior Strength
Build up Military
Exercise Coercive Diplomacy
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Problems with US Lessons -
First Cut
Crises cannot be managed
Flexibility, not steel will, saved us
Force or threat of force precipitated the
crisis, made it more dangerous
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US Misconstrues Soviet Motives
Berlin Wall Erected, August 1961
Summit in Vienna Austria, June 1961
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Jan. 3, 1961
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The next day, 1,500 U.S. trained Cuban
exiles landed on Cuba with weaponssupplied by the United States.
Bay of Pigs
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Richard
Goodwin
MeetsCh
Guevara
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Memorandum
from Gen.
Lansdale
to Special
Group
(Augmented)
-- Pg 1
Operation
Mongoose
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Gen.Lansdale
Memorandum
(Continued)
-- Pg 2
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Operation AnadyrIn July 1962 the Soviet Union began tosend ballistic missiles, other weapons
and soldiers to Cuba. The build-up
troubles US military planners, even asthey conclude
that ballistic
missiles arenot being
installed.
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New York
TimesOctober 23, 1961
. . .
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Soviet Union responds by
exploding a 50-megatonhydrogen bomb in theatmosphere, Oct 30, 1961
White HouseStatement
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Problems with US Lessons -
Second Cut
Crisis management Groupthink and
exclusion of information
Steel will inflexibility and no
negotiations; force becomes only alternative
Coercive diplomacy military build-up;ignores factors such as patriotism
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Soviet Lessons Crises cannot be managed
Crises must be prevented Improve communications with the other
superpower
Achieve parity (equal military force) with US
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PresidentennedysAmericanUniversitySpeechJune 10 1963
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Cuban Lessons Neither superpower can be trusted
Cuba must defend itself withasymmetric warfare
Support revolution in Third World
Strengthen military forces Intensify internal security
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Castros Five Demands
Cessation of the US economic embargo and USpressure on other countries to cut commerciallinks to Cuba;
End US subversive activities against Cuba,
including the organization of invasions bymercenaries and infiltration of spies andsaboteurs
Cease piratical attacks from bases in the
United States and Puerto Rico End violations of Cuban airspace
US withdrawal from Guantanamo Naval Base
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Anastas Mikoyan Arrives in Cuba
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IL-28 Bomber (Bulgarian model in Cuba)
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How Castro Remembered Mikoyans Visit
-- From: James Blight and Philip Brenner, Sad and Luminous Days
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OSPAAL:Organization of
Solidarity of the
Peoples ofAfrica, Asia and
Latin America
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Cuban MissileCaribbeanOctober
C i i