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Cuban MissileCrisis

By Philip Brenner

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CIA Briefing MapMeeting of

the ExComm

October 16, 1962

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U-2 Photo of Missile Site, October 14, 1962

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Missile Warhead

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ExCommDeliberationDuring theCrisis

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Letter from Nikita Khrushchev to John F. Kennedy,

October 26, 1962

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Black SaturdaySecond Letter

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Black Saturday

Low-levelreconnaissance

of Cuban anti-

aircraft sites

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U.S. Lessons Crises can be managed

Secrecy

Small group with open discussion

Exclude and misinform Congress and public

Steel Will(Eyeball to Eyeball) Toughness

Resolve Superior Strength

Build up Military

Exercise Coercive Diplomacy

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Problems with US Lessons -

First Cut

Crises cannot be managed

Flexibility, not steel will, saved us

Force or threat of force precipitated the

crisis, made it more dangerous

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US Misconstrues Soviet Motives

Berlin Wall Erected, August 1961

Summit in Vienna Austria, June 1961

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Jan. 3, 1961

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The next day, 1,500 U.S. trained Cuban

exiles landed on Cuba with weaponssupplied by the United States.

Bay of Pigs

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Richard

Goodwin

MeetsCh

Guevara

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Memorandum

from Gen.

Lansdale

to Special

Group

(Augmented)

-- Pg 1

Operation

Mongoose

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Gen.Lansdale

Memorandum

(Continued)

-- Pg 2

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Operation AnadyrIn July 1962 the Soviet Union began tosend ballistic missiles, other weapons

and soldiers to Cuba. The build-up

troubles US military planners, even asthey conclude

that ballistic

missiles arenot being

installed.

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New York

TimesOctober 23, 1961

. . .

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Soviet Union responds by

exploding a 50-megatonhydrogen bomb in theatmosphere, Oct 30, 1961

White HouseStatement

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Problems with US Lessons -

Second Cut

Crisis management Groupthink and

exclusion of information

Steel will inflexibility and no

negotiations; force becomes only alternative

Coercive diplomacy military build-up;ignores factors such as patriotism

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Soviet Lessons Crises cannot be managed

Crises must be prevented Improve communications with the other

superpower

Achieve parity (equal military force) with US

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PresidentennedysAmericanUniversitySpeechJune 10 1963

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Cuban Lessons Neither superpower can be trusted

Cuba must defend itself withasymmetric warfare

Support revolution in Third World

Strengthen military forces Intensify internal security

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Castros Five Demands

Cessation of the US economic embargo and USpressure on other countries to cut commerciallinks to Cuba;

End US subversive activities against Cuba,

including the organization of invasions bymercenaries and infiltration of spies andsaboteurs

Cease piratical attacks from bases in the

United States and Puerto Rico End violations of Cuban airspace

US withdrawal from Guantanamo Naval Base

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Anastas Mikoyan Arrives in Cuba

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IL-28 Bomber (Bulgarian model in Cuba)

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How Castro Remembered Mikoyans Visit

-- From: James Blight and Philip Brenner, Sad and Luminous Days

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OSPAAL:Organization of

Solidarity of the

Peoples ofAfrica, Asia and

Latin America

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Cuban MissileCaribbeanOctober

C i i