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Breast cancer Screening
Dr Nupur GuptaConsultant & Unit Head
Dept of Obstetrics & GynecologyParas Hospital, Gurgaon
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Breast Cancer Facts
Most common cancer in urban women in India
About 1,25,000 new breast cancers are reported every year in India
40 per 1,00,000 women are affected with breast cancer every year in India
2nd most common cancer world wide
Incidence increases with age
All women are at risk
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Breast Screening Program
Single most successful cancer
screening program in the world
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What is Screening?
Tests to find out breast cancer early even
when there are no symptoms or lump
Helps to detect when lesion is very small &
has not yet spread
Better chances of cure
Screening Early: Better Outcome
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Finds cancer early
Saves lives
Breast conserving surgery is possible
Advantages of Screening
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Screening
Breast Self Examination (BSE)
Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
Mammograms
MRI
They are combined or done alone according to need
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When to do BSE?
On 5th to 7th day of menses – same day each
month
Pregnant women – same date each month
Takes about 10 minutes
Examine all breast tissue
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Why don’t more women practice BSE?
Fear
Embarrassment
Youth
Lack of knowledge
Too busy, forgetfulness
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Self breast examination
Do monthly exam of the breasts &
underarm area
Help to discover any changes early
Begin at age 20, continue monthly
The current thinking is that it’s more important to
know your breasts and be aware of any changes
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Clinical Breast Examination
Performed by doctor
Annually for women over 40yrs
At least every 3 years for women between 20
to 40 yrs
More frequent examination for high risk
patients
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To determine the presence of cysts, fluid-filled sacs that are not cancer
Ultrasound
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Mammography
X-ray of the breast
Breast pressed in between two plates – tissue spread-
pictures taken
Has been shown to save lives in patients 50-69
Data mixed on usefulness for patients 40-49
Normal mammogram does not rule out possibility of
cancer completely
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MRI
High risk patients along with mammography
Magnetic & radio waves used
More detailed evaluation
Disadvantage- higher rate of false positive test
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BRCA 1
BRCA 2
Genetic Testing
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Not cancerous
Not life threatening
Do not spread outside the
breast
Lumpectomy
Are cancerous
Can be life threatening
Can spread outside the
breast
Mastectomy
Benign Malignant
Tumors of Breast
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Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Gender: female (1% males)
Race: more common in whites
Age: increases as a woman gets older
Family history of breast or ovarian cancer: (mother or sister)
Early menarche or late menopause
No pregnancy and not breastfeeding
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Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Obesity
Diet: Fatty food
Excessive alcohol
Lack of Physical Activity ; Stress
Radiation Exposure
Hormones: estrogens & progesterones in Hormone
replacement therapy
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Understanding Signs & Symptoms
Persistent lump or thickening in breast or armpit area
Changes in the color or texture of skin of breast, areola
or nipple (dimpling, puckering or scaling)
Newly retracted or inverted nipple
Blood or any unusual discharge
Change in shape & size of breast
Redness or pitting of the breast
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Diagnosed with a breast lump
First, don't panic
80% of breast lumps are not cancerous Lumps
Often turn out to be harmless cysts or
Tissue changes related to your menstrual cycle
Biopsy
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Treatment
Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormonal Therapy
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Costly
If no recurrence
Angelina Jolie
Breast Reconstruction with Implant
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Prevention
Maintain adequate weight
Healthy, nutritious diet
Regular exercise
Breastfeeding
Limiting exposure to estrogen
Quit or limit alcohol consumption
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Myths
Touching the breasts too often will lead to cancer
Talking about cancer may cause cancer
Using illegal drugs causes cancer
Herbs cure breast cancer
An incision or bruise on breast can spread cancer
Frequent mammograms cause cancer
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Myths
Breast cancer only affects older women
If at risk – surely causes breast cancer
Using antiperspirants causes breast cancer
Diagnosis of breast cancer- automatic death
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Fact
BREAST CANCER IS PREVENTABLE
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
BEST OUTCOME
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Mammography
+ Breast Ultrasound
Breast Check > 40
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Thank You
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