290
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
1. Abelman, Robert (1990) Determinants of Parental Mediation of Children’s
Television Viewing, In J.Bryant (Ed) Television and the American Family,
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Abelman, Robert (1992) Some Children Under Some Conditions: Television and
the High Potential Kid, Research Based Decision Making Series, Cleveland State
University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
3. Abrol, Usha, Vandana Thapar, Khan, N and Parul Srivastava (1992) Television
Viewing Among Children, Communicator, June 26-31.
4. Adams, A.H and Harrison, C.B (1975) Using Television to Teach Specific
Reading Skills, The Reading Teacher, 29:45-51.
5. Adler R.P, Lesser G.S, Merringoff L.K, Robertson T.S, Rossiter J.R and Ward S
(1980) The Effects of Television Advertising on Children: Review and
Recommendations Lexington M, A D C Heath.
6. Ahamad (1980) Effect of Television Study Hours of Pakistani Children,
Psychological Abstracts, 66(3):1414.
7. Ahammer, I.M., & Murray, J.P. (1979) Kindness in the kindergarten: The Relative
Influence of Role Playing and Pro-Social Television in Facilitating Altruism,
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2:133-157.
8. Alexander A, Benjamin LM, Hoerrner K and Roe D (1988) We’ll be Back in a
Moment: A Content Analysis of Advertisement in Children’s Television in the
1950s, J.Advert, 27(3):1 -8.
9. Alvermann, D.E and Hagood M.C (2000) Critical Media Literacy: Research,
Theory and Practice in New Times, Journal of Educational Research, 93(3):193-
205.
10. American Academy of Pediatrics (2001) AAP Policy Statement: Children
Adolescents, and Television, 107(2):423-426.www.aap.org
11. American Academy of Pediatrics (2007) Media Guidelines for Parents,
http://www.aap.org
12. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Communications (1992) The
Commercialization of Children's Television. Pediatrics 89(1):343-344.
13. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Public Education (1999) Media
Education. Pediatrics, 104(2), 341-343, http://aappolicy.aappublications.org
291
14. Anderson D.R, Choi H.P and Lorch E.P. (1987) Attentional Inertia Reduces
Distractibility During Young Children’s Television Viewing, Child
Development, 57(3)798-806.
15. Anderson D.R. (2005) Television and Very Young Children, American
Behavioral Scientist, 48: 505–522.
16. Anderson D.R. and Collins P.A. (1988) The Impact Of Children’s Education:
Television’s Influence on Cognitive Development, Washington, D.C.:U.S.
Department of Education.
17. Anderson R.E, Crespo C.J, Bartlett S.J, Cheskin L.J and Pratt M. (1998)
Relationship of Physical Activity And Television Watching With Body Weight
and Level of Fatness Among Children: Results from the Third National Health
and Nutrition Examination survey, JAMA,279:938–942.
18. Anderson, D.R (2001) Early Childhood Television Viewing and Adolescent
Behavior: The Recontact Study, Monographs of the Society for Research in
Child Development, 66(I-III):1-147.
19. Anderson, D.R. Lorch, E.P, Smith R, Bradford R and Levin S.R. (1981) Effects
of peer presence on pre-school children’s television viewing behavior,
Development Psychology, 17(4):446-453.
20. Anderson, D.R., Field, D.E., Collins, P.A., Lorch, E.P and Nathan, J (1986)
Television Viewing at Home, Age Trends in Visual Attention and Time with
Television, Child Development, 57(4):1024-1033.
21. Anderson, D.R., Field, D.E., Collins, P.A., Lorch, E.P., and Nathan, J (1985)
Estimates of Young Children's Time with Television: A Methodological
Comparison of Parent Reports With Time Lapse Video Home Observation, Child
Development, 56:1345-1357.
22. Anderson, D.R., Levin, S.R., and Lorch, E.P. (1977) The Effects of TV Program
Pacing on the Behavior of Pre-School Children, Communication Review, 25:159-
166.
23. Andres, Albero and Magdalena (1994) Children and Television: An Ecological
Perspective, International Sociological Association.
24. Anuradha, K (1994) Television Viewing: Its Effect on Children’s Personal and
Educational Development, Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
292
25. Argenta, D.M, Stoneman Z and Brady G.H (1986) The Effect of Three Different
Television Programmes on Young Children’s Peer Interactions and Toy Play’,
Psychological Abstracts, 74(5):1537.
26. Armstrong, C.A, Sallis J.F, Alcaraz J.E, Kolody B, McKenzie T.L. and Howel
M.F. (1998) Children’s Television Viewing, Body Fat and Physical Fitness,
American Journal of Health Promotion, 112:363-368.
27. Arnas, Yasare Aktas (2006) The Effects of Television Food Advertisements on
Children’s Food Purchasing Requests, Pediatrics International, 48:138-145.
28. Arya, Kalpana (2004) Time Spent on Television Viewing and Its Effects on
Changing Values of School Going Children, Anthropologist, 6(4): 269-271.
29. Asha, M.R (2000) The Fascinating World of Amateur Radio, Science Reporter,
121(29):53-55.
30. Ashton, B, Morton, H and Mithen J (2003) Children’s Health or Corporate
Wealth? The Case for Banning Advertising to Children, Coalition on Food
Advertising to Children.
31. Atkin (1975) Effects of Television Viewing on Children: Survey of Pre-
Adolescents: Responses to Television Commercials, Technical Report, No.6,
Michigan State University, East Lansing.
32. Atkin, C (1975) Effects of Television Advertising on Children: Survey of
Children’s and Mother’s Responses to Television Commercials, Technical
Report No.8, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
33. Austin, E.W, Roberts D and Nass C.I (1990) Influences of Family
Communication on Children’s Television Interpretation Processes,
Communication Research, 17(4):545-564.
34. Badgare, Srishti (2004) is Television Viewing Harmful for The Children? Does it
Affect Their Studies? Does it Affect Their Reasoning Power? Dimdima Kids,
Indian Online Children’s Magazine.
35. Ball, S and Bogatz, G.A. (1970) The First Year of Sesame Street: an Evaluation.
Princeton, N.J., Educational Testing Service.
36. Bandopadhyay, S., Kindra, G, and Sharp.L (2001) is Television Advertising
Good for Children? Areas of Concern and Policy Implications, International
Journal of Advertising, 20(1):89-116. ,
293
37. Bandura, A. (1994) Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication. In J.
Bryant and D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media Effects: Advances in Theory and
Research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, pp.61–90.
38. Bang, Hae-Kyong and Bonnie B.Reece (2003) Minorities in Children’s
Television Commercials: New, Improved and Stereotyped, The Journal of
Consumer Affairs,37(1):42-67.
39. Barcus, F.E (1977) Children’s Television: an Analysis of Programming and
Advertising. New York: Praeger.
40. Barcus, F.E. (1971) Saturday Children’s Television: a Report of TV
Programming and Advertising on Boston Commercial Television. Boston, Mass.,
Action for Children’s Television.
41. Barker, G (1998) Online Trading: Confidence Crucial in Building e-Markets, The
Age, Tuesday, 12 May.
42. Barling.J and Fullagar.C (1983) Children’s Attitude to Television
Advertisements: a Factorial Perspective, The Journal of Psychology, 113:125.
43. Baron, M.E. (2000) The Effects of Television on Child Health: Implications and
Recommendations, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 83(4), 289-292.
44. Basu,B (2002) Convergence: All in one Technology, Science Reporter, 142:7-9.
45. Becker, D. et.al. (1987) Post Imperialism, Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner.
46. Beentjes and Van Der Voort Neuman, S.B. (1988) Television and Reading Skills,
The Displacement Effect: Assessing The Relation Between Television Viewing
and Reading Performance, Reading Research Quarterly, 23:414-440.
47. Beentjes, Johannes W.J. and Tom H.A.Van der Voort (1988) Television's Impact
on Children's Reading Skills: A Review of Research, Reading Research
Quarterly, 23(4):389-413.
48. Belch, G.E. (1982) The Effects of Television Commercial Repetition on
Cognitive Response and Message Acceptance, Journal of Consumer Research,
9(1):56-65.
49. Belson, W.A. (1967) The Impact of Television, Cheshire Publisher, London.
50. Berelson, B (1971) Content Analysis in Communications Research, New York,
Hafner.
51. Berry and Gordon, L (1993) Children and Television Images in a Changing
Socio-Cultural World, SAGE Publications, India.
294
52. Berry and Gordon, L (1998) Black Family Life on Television and Socialization
of African American Child: Images of Marginality, Journal of Comparative
Family Studies, 29(2):233-244.
53. Berry, Gordon L (1993) Introduction: Television As a Worldwide Cultural
Tapestry, in Children and Television: Images in a Changing Socio-Cultural
World, ed. by Gordon L. Berry and Joy Keiko Asamen, Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Publications, 1– 4.
54. Bickham, David, John Wright and Aletha Huston (2001) Attention,
Comprehension and the Educational Influences of Television, in Singer,J (Ed)
Handbook of Children and the Media, London: Sage Publications, pp.101-119.
55. Bijmoult, Tammo H.A. and Wilma Clasassen (1999) Children’s Understanding
of TV Advertising: Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence,
56. Bin, Zhao (1996) The Little Emperor’s Small Screen: Parental Control and
Children’s Television Viewing in China, Media, Culture and Society, 18(4):639-
658.
57. Black, D (1995) Television Violence and Children, British Medical Journal, 310
(6975):273-274.
58. Bluementhal, Howard J and Goodenough, Oliver R (1998) This Business of
Television, New York: Watson-Guptill Publications.
59. Blumer, J.G (1998) Children’s Television in European Public Broadcasting, in
R.Noll and M.Price (Eds), A Communication Cornucopia, Washington, D.C.:
Brookings Institute Press,
60. Bogatz, G.A and Ball, S (1971) The Second Year of Sesame Street: A
Continuing Evaluation, Vols.1 and 2. Princeton, N.J., Educational Testing
Service.
61. Bovill, M and Livingstone, S (2001) Bedroom Culture and the Privatization of
Media Use, Children and Their Changing Media Environment, A European
Comparative Study, pp.179-200.
62. Braith, Waite and Holman (1981) Parent Observed Behavior of Pre-School
Television Viewers, Psychological Abstracts, 68(4):1113.
63. Brand, Jeffrey, E (2007) Television Advertising to Children, Australian
Communications and Media Authority, Melborne.
295
64. Bredbenner, Caro Byrd (2002) Saturday Morning Children’s Television
Advertising: A Longitudinal Content Analysis, Family and Consumer Sciences
Research Journal, 30(3):382-403.
65. Broek, Paul Van Den (2001) The Role of Television Viewing in the
Development of Reading Comprehension, www.ciera.org
66. Brown, J.R., Cramond, J.K., and Wilde, R.J (1974) Displacement Effects of
Television and the Child's Functional Orientation to Media, In J.G. Blumler and
E. Katz (Eds.), The Uses of Mass Communications, London: Sage, pp.93-112.
67. Brown, M (1996) The Portrayal of Violence in the Media: Impacts and
Implications for Policy, Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice,
Australian Institute of Criminology, p.55.
68. Browne, Beverley, A (1998) Gender Stereotype in Advertising on Children’s
Television in the 1990’s: A Cross National Analysis, Journal of Advertising,
27(1):83-96.
69. Browne, N (1999) Young Children’s Literacy Development and Role of
Televisual Texts, New York, NY: Falmer Press.
70. Brucks, Merrie, Gary M. Armstrong, and Marvin E. Goldberg (1988) Children’s
Use of Cognitive Defenses against Television Advertising: A Cognitive
Approach, Journal of Consumer Research, 14: 471-482.
71. Bryant, J., Alexander, A.E and Brown, D (1983) Learning from Educational
Television Programs, In M.J.A. Howe (Ed.), Learning from Television,
Psychological and Educational Research, London: Academic Press, pp.1-30.
72. Bryant, J., and Daniel Anderson (1983) Children’s Understanding of Television :
Research on Attention and Comprehension, New York: Academic Press.
73. Buckingham, David (1987) In Front of the Children, Seminar Presented to
British Summer School on Television Violence and Children.
74. Buckingham, David (1993) Television and the Definition of Childhood, in
Mayall, Berry (Ed), Children’s Childhood Observed and Experienced, London:
The Falmer Press.
75. Buckingham, David (2000) After the Death of Childhood: Growing up in the
Age of Electronic Media, Cambridge; Oxford : Polity Press.
76. Buckingham, David (2003) Children and Media, www.mediaculture-online.de
77. Buckingham, David. (1993) Children Talking Television, the Television
Literacy, London:The Free Press.
296
78. Buckingham, David. (1993) Children and Television: A Critical Overview of the
Research, In R.Dickinson, R.Harimndranath and O.Linne (Eds) Approaches to
Audiences : A reader, London: Arnold.
79. Buijzen, Moniek and Patti M. Valkenburg (2003) The effects of Television
Advertising on Materialism, Parent-Child Conflict and Unhappiness: A Review
of Research, Applied Developmental Psychology, 24:437-456.
80. Buijzen, Moniek and Patti M. Valkenburg (2003) Appeals in Television
Advertising: A Content Analysis of Commercials Aimed at Children and
Teenagers, Communications 27:349-364.
81. Burdette, Hillary L and Robert C, Whitaker (2005) A National Study of
Neighbourhood Safety, Outdoor Play, Television Viewing and Obesity in Pre-
School Children, Pediatrics, 116(3):657-666.
82. Burkhead, T. (2009) We’ve Bred a Generation Unable to Think, Times
Educational Supplement, www.tes.co.
83. Burton, S, Calonical, J, and McSeveney, D (1979) Growing up with Television :
Effects of Preschool Television Watching on First Grade Children, Journal of
Communication, 30:164-170.
84. Bushman, B. J and Huesmann, L. R. (2001) Effects of Televised Violence on
Aggression. In D. Singer & J. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of Children and the
Media, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp.223–254).
85. Butter, Eliot J., Paula M. Popovich, Robert H. Stackhouse, and Roger K. Garner
(1981) Discrimination of Television Programs and Commercials by Preschool
Children, Journal of Advertising Research, 2:53-56.
86. Byrd B.C and Grosso D (2000) What is Television Trying to Make Children
Swallow?: Content Analysis of the Nutrition Information in Prime – Time
Advertisements, J. Nut. Edu,32:187-195.
87. Campbell T.A, Wright J.C. and Huston A.C (1987) Form cues and Content
Difficulty as Determinants of Children’s Cognitive Processing of Televised
Educational Messages, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 43:311-327.
88. Cantor J and Nathanson A.I (1996) Children’s Fright Reactions to Television
News. J Commun, 46:139–152.
89. Caraher, Martin, Jane Landon and Kath Dalmeny (2006) Television Advertising
and Children: Lessons from Policy Development, Public Health Nutrition,
9(5):596-605.
297
90. Census Report (2001) Government of India, New Delhi, India.
91. Census Report (2001) Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
92. Center for Media Education (2002) Children and Television; Frequently Asked a
Question, www.cme.org.
93. Center for Media and Public Affairs (1999) Report on Television Violence on
Children, June.
94. Chan, K. and McNeal, J. (2002) Children’s Perceptions of Television
Advertising in Urban China, International Journal of Advertising and Marketing
to Children, 3:69–79.
95. Chan, K (2008) Chinese Children’s Perceptions of Advertising and Brands: a nd
Urban Comparison, Journal of Consumer Marketing: 25(2);74-84.
96. Chan, K (2000) Hong Kong Children’s Understanding of Television of
Advertising, Journal of Marketing Communications, 6(1)37-52.
97. Chandler, Daniel (1998) Children’s Understanding of What is ‘Real’ on
Television, A Review of the Literature, Contemporary Education, 50(3):129-133.
98. Chavellier, E and S.Mansoor (1993) Children and Television, Children in the
Tropics, 206.
99. Cheng, Tina L, Ruth A, Brenner, Joseph L, Wright, Hari Cheryl Sachs, Patricia
Moyer, B.S. and Malla R. Rao (2004) Children’s Violent Television Viewing:
Are Parents Monitoring? Pediatrics, 114(1):94-99.
100. Chernin A.R and Linebarger D.L (2005) The Relationship Between Children’s
Television Viewing and Academic Performance, Archives of Pediatrics and
Adolescent Medicine 159: 687–689.
101. Chestnutt I.G and Ashraf F.J (2002) Television Advertising of foodstuffs
Potentially Detrimental to Oral Health - A Content Analysis and Comparison of
Children’s and Prime Time Broadcasts, Community Dental Health, 19:86-89.
102. Chhabra, Satbeer (1992) Children’s Programmes on Television: An Overview,
Communicator, June.
103. Child Care and Development Society (2005) Excess TV Viewing Makes Kids
Sick, The Hindu, Online Edition, January 26.
104. Child Development Institute (2008) Television and Children: Guidelines for
Parents, www.childdevelopmentinfo.com.
298
105. Chopra, Sonia, Salila Thomas and Kalyani Singh (2000) Impact of Television
Advertisements on Food Consumption Pattern in Middle Childhood, Indian
Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 37:116.
106. Christakis, D.A (2004) Television, Video, and Computer Game Usage in
Children Under 11 Years of Age, Pediatrics, 145:652-656.
107. Christakis, D.A., Zimmerman, F.J., DiGiuseppe, D.L., and McCarty, C.A.
(2004) Early Television Exposure and Subsequent Attentional Problems in
Children, Pediatrics, 113(4):708-713.
108. Christinson, Peter Gillbert (1982) Children’s Perceptions of TV Commercials
and Products: the Effects of PSAs, Communication Research, October.
109. Chu, Donna, McIntyre and Bryce, T (1995) Sex Role Stereotypes on Children’s
TV in Asia: A Content Analysis of Gender Role Portrayals in Children’s
Cartoons in Hong Kong, Communication Research Report, 12(2):206-219.
110. Clarke, Teresa Angela and Kurtz-Costes Beth (1997) Television Viewing,
Educational Quality of the Home Environment and School Readiness, Journal of
Educational Research, 90:279-285.
111. Cline, V. B., Croft, R. G and Courier, S (1973) Desensitization of Children to
Television Violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27:360–365.
112. Close, Robin (2004) Television and Language Development in the Early Years:
National Literacy Trust, London.
113. Coates B, Pusser, H.E and Goodman, I (1976) The Influence of Sesame Street
and Mister Rogers, Child Development, 47:138-144.
114. Collins W.A, Sobol, B.L and Westby, S (1981) Effect of Adult Commentary on
Children’s Comprehension and Interferences About a Televised Aggressive
Portrayal, Child Development, 49:389-399.
115. Collins, W.A. (1982) Cognitive Processing in Television Viewing. In D. Pearl,
L. Bouthilet, and J. Lazar (Eds.), Television and Behavior: Ten Years Of
Scientific Progress and Implications for the Eighties: Vol. 2. Technical Re-Views
(DHHS Publication No. ADM 82-1196, pp. 9- 23). Washington, DC: U.S.
Government Printing Office.
116. Colosi, Laura (2003) Television Exposure of Young Children and Attention
Problems Later in Life, Department of Policy Analysis and Management at
Cornell University.
299
117. Committee on Public Education (2001) Children, Adolescents, and Television,
American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatrics,107(2):423-426.
118. Common Sense Media (2006) Raising Media Savvy Kids, A Common Sense
Tool Kit, http://publications.childrennow.org.
119. Comstock and Cobbey (1979) Television and Children of Ethnic Minorities,
Journal of Communication, 29(1):104-115.
120. Comstock G and Paik H (1991) Television and the American Child, Academic
Press, California, San Diego.
121. Comstock, G., and Scharrer, E. (2007) Media and the American Child,
Burlington, MA: Elsevier.
122. Condrey, J (1989) The Psychology of Television, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Eralbum Associates.
123. Coon K.A (2001) Relationships between Use of Television During Meals and
Children’s Food Consumption Patterns, Pediatrics,107:1
124. Coon K.A and Tucker K.L (2002) Television and Children’s Consumption
Patterns. A Review of the Literature. Minerva Pediatr, 54:423–36.
125. Cordellan (1990) Television and Children: Towards the Millennium,
Communication Research Trends, 10(3):161-172.
126. Corteen, R.S., and Williams, T.M. (1986) Television and Reading Skills, In
T.M. Williams (Ed.), The Impact of Television: A Natural Experiment in Three
Communities, Orlando: Academic Press, pp.39-86.
127. Crawley, A.M. et.al.(1999) Effects of Repeated Exposures to a Single Episode
of the Television Programme Blue’s Clues on the Viewing Behaviors and
Comprehensions of Preschool Children, Journal of Educational Psychology,
91:630-637.
128. Crespo C.J, Smith E, Troiano R.P, Barlett S.J, Macera C.A and Anderson R.E.
(1998) Relationship of Physical Activity and Television Watching With Body
Weight and Level of Fatness Among Children, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
155:360-365.
129. Crespo C.J, Smith E, Troiano R.P, Barlett S.J, Macera C.A and Anderson R.E.
(2001) Television Watching, Energy Intake and Obesity in US Children: Results
From the 3rd NHANES: 1988-1994. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent
Medicine, 155:360-365.
300
130. Dandapani, S (2001) A Text Book of Advanced Educational Psychology,
Second Edition, Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, India.
131. Danling, P, J.Hong and X Qlin (1995) Children’s Attention to and
Comprehension of Explicit Versus Implicit Information on Television, Journal of
Educational Television, 21(2):71-83.
132. Davies, M. (2007) The Future of Children’s Television Programming:
Academic Literature Review, London.
133. Davies, Maire Messenger and Nick Mosdell (2001) Consenting Children: The
Use of Children in Non-Fiction Television Programmes, Report Submitted to
Broadcasting Standards Commission, Cardiff University.
134. De Almeida, Ribeiro A, and Aparccido da Silva, J. (1982) Television Patterns
and Children: A Study of Daily Preferences and Habits, Psychological Abstracts,
68 (1):620. .
135. De Benedittis, Peter and Bob McCannon (1998) Television Violence and Our
Kids, www.medialiteracy.net.
136. Deccan Herald (2005) TV is Bad for Children’s Education, Tuesday, July 5.
137. Degrosky, D.S. (1981) Television Viewing and Reading Achievement of
Seventh and Eighth Graders, New Bruns-Wick, NJ: Rutgers University. (ERIC
Document Reproduction Service No. ED 215 291).
138. Dennison B.A (2002) Television Viewing and Television in Bedroom
Associated with Overweight Risk Among Low-Income Preschool Children,
Pediatrics,109:6
139. Dennison B.A (2004) An Intervention to Reduce Television Viewing by
Preschool Children, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 158:170-176.
140. Desmond, R.J, Singer J.L and Singer D.G (1990) Family Mediation: Parental
Communication Patterns and the Influences of Television on Children, In
J.Bryant (Ed) Television and the American Family, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
141. Desmond, R.J, Singer J.L, Singer D.G, Calam R and Colimore K (1985) Family
Mediation Patterns and Television Viewing-Young Children’s Use and Grasp of
the Medium, in Human Communication Research, 11(4):461-480.
142. Dibb S and Harris L (1996) A Spoonful of Sugar, Television Food Advertising
Aimed at Children: An International Comparative Study, London, UK.
301
143. Diehl, David C and Stephanie C. Toelle (2000) Making Good Decisions:
Television, Learning and The Cognitive Development of Young Children,
University of Florida, USA. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
144. Dietz W.H and Gortmaker S.L (1985) Do We Fatten Our Children at the TV
Set? Obesity and Television in Children and Adolescents, Pediatrics, 75:807–
812.
145. Dietz W.H, Strasburger V.C. (1991) Children, Adolescents and Television,
Curr Probl Pediatr,21:8-31.
146. Din, F.S. and J.Calao (2001) The Effects of Playing Educational Video Games
on Kindergarten Achievement, Child Study Journal, 31(2):95-102.
147. Donald, Anthony F. and en Brenda L. (1978) Children’s Intelligence and Sex as
Variables; Mediating Reactions to TV Commercials: Repetition and Content
Complexity, Implications for Advertisers, Journal of Advertising, 7-12.
148. Donohue, Thomas R. (1975) Effect of Commercials on Black Children, Journal
of Advertising Research, 15:41– 47.
149. Dorr A, Graves S.B and Phelps E (1980) Television Literacy for Young
Children, J Commun, 30:71-83.
150. Dorr A, Kovarie, P and Doubleday C (1989) Parent-Child co Viewing of
Television, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 33:35-51.
151. Dorr A, Kovarie, P and Doubleday C (1990) Age and content influences on
Children’s Perceptions of the Realism of Television Families, Journal of
Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 34(4):377-397.
152. Dorr, A. (1986) Television and Children: A Special Medium for a Special
Audience, Beverly Hills: Sage.
153. Dotson, M.J. and Hyat, E.M. (2005) Major Influence Factors in Children’s
Consumer Socialization’, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(1): 35-42.
154. Drieberg, T (1973) The Content of the Indian Press, In. The Press and People,
Madras: CLS, pp.14-17.
155. Duffy, Larisa, Fiona, Fox, Jeremy Horwood and Kate Northstone (2004)
Television Viewing in Early Childhood: The Relationship between Exposure
Home and Language Development, Literacy Today, 39(1):85-90.
156. Durkin, K (1997) Developmental Social Psychology: From Infancy to Old Age,
Malden, MA:Blackwell.
302
157. Dyuti, Baral, (1990) Television and the Child in Nepal: An Assessment of
Viewing Patterns, Occasional Paper in Sociology and Anthropology, Nepal.
158. Ebata, A. (2005) Media and Children: Choosing TV Programs, Movies, Videos,
& DVDs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
http://www.parenting247.org
159. Edgar, Don and Edgar, Patricia (2008) The New Child: in Search of Smarter
Grown-Ups, Wilkinson Publishing, Melbourne.
160. EGTA (2001) Advertising to Children, Position Paper, Association of
Television and Radio Sales Houses, Europe.
161. Eisler, R.T. and Loye, D. (1981) Childhood and the Chosen Future,
Psychological Abstracts, 65(1):334-335.
162. Eron, L. D. (1963) Relationship of TV Viewing Habits and Aggressive
Behavior in Children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(2):193–
196.
163. Evra, Van J.P (1998) Television and Child Development, Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates: Philadelphia, PA.
164. Evra, Van J.P (2004) Television and Child Development, Children, Youth and
Family Consortium, Electric Clearing House.
165. Eysenck (1971) The Structure of Human Personality, 3rd Edition, Methuen,
New York, USA.
166. Feilitzen, Cecilia Von and Ulla Carlsson (1999) Children and Media: Image,
Education, Participation, Sweden : Nordicom and UNESCO,
167. Feldman S, Wolf A and Warmouth D (1977) Parental Concerns About Child
Directed Commercials, Journal of Communication, 21(1):125-137.
168. Fernie, David E (1981) Ordinary and Extraordinary People: Children’s
Understanding of Television and Real Life Models, In Hope Kelly and Howard
Gardner (Eds): Viewing Children through Television: New Directions for Child
Development, San Francisco, CA.
169. Feshbach, S Feshbach N.D and Cohen, S (1983) Enhancing Children’s
Discrimination in Response to Television Advertising: the Effects of Psycho-
Educational Training in two Elementary School-Aged Groups, Developmental
Review: 2385-2403.
170. Fetler, M. (1984).Television Viewing and School Achievement, Journal of
Communication, 34(2), 104-118.
303
171. Field, D.E. and Anderson D.R. (1985) Instruction and Modality Effects on
Children’s Television Attention and Comprehension, Journal of Educational
Psychology, 77(1):97-100.
172. Fisch, S.M. (2000) A Capacity Model of Children’s Comprehension of
Educational Content on Television, Media Psychology, 2:63-91.
173. Fisch, S.M. (2004) Children’s Learning from Educational Television: Sesame
Street and Beyond, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
174. Flavell J.H, Eleanor R. Flavell, Frances L. Green and Jon E. Korfmacher (1990)
Do Young Children Think of Television Images as Pictures or Real Objects?
Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 34(4):399-419.
175. Flavell, J.H. (1963) The Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget. Princeton,
N.J., Van Nostrand.
176. Francis, L.J, and H.M.Gibson (1993) The Influence of Age, Sex, Social Class
and Region on Television Viewing Time and Programme Preferences Among 11-
15 Year Olds, Journal of Educational Television, 19(1):25-35.
177. Fremont W.P, Pataki C and Beresin E.V (2005) The Impact of Terrorism on
Children and Adolescents: Terror in the Skies, Terror on Television, Child
Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14: 429-451.
178. Friedrich,L.K. and Stein, A. H.( 1973) Aggressive and Pro-Social Television
Programs and the Natural Behavior of Preschool Children. Monographs of the
Society for Research in Child Development, 38(4):151-164.
179. Friedrich,L.K. and Stein, A. H.( 1975) Pro-Social Television and Young
Children’s Behavior: the Effect of Verbal Labeling and Role Playing Training,
Child Development, 46:27-38.
180. Fujinaga, T.; Azuma, H.; Nitta,N.; Nagano, S and Yanashima. T. (1978)
Television’s Effects upon Cognitive Development, Educational Technological
Research, 2:1-7.
181. Furnhan (1997) A Cross Cultural Content Analysis of Children’s Television
Advertisement, Sex Roles, 37(1-2):91-99.
182. Furu, T. (1962) Television and Children’s Life, Radio and Television Cultural
Research Institute, Japan Broadcasting Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
183. Furu, T. (1977) Cognitive Style and Television Viewing Pat-Terns of Children
(Research Report), International Christian University, Department of Audio
Visual Education.
304
184. Gadberry,S. (1974) Television as Baby-Sitter: A Field Compression of Pre-
Scholars, Child Development, 45:1132-1136.
185. Gadberry,S. (1980) Effects of Restricting First Graders' TV-Viewing on Leisure
Time Use, IQ Change, and Cognitive Style, Journal of Applied Developmental
Psychology, 1:45-57.
186. Gaddy, G. D. (1986) Television's Impact on High School Achievement, Public
Opinion Quarterly, 50:340-359.
187. Gaines, L and Esserman, J.F (1981) A Quantitative Study of Young Children’s
Comprehension of Television Programmes and Commercials, In J.F.Esserman
(Ed) Television Advertising and Children, New York: Child Research Service.
188. Galcheva,S.V, Iotova,V.M and Stratev V.K. (2011) Television Food
Advertising Directed Towards Bulgarian Children, Arch Dis Child, 93:857–861.
189. Gamble M and Cotunga N (1999) A Quarter Century of Television Food
Advertising Targeted at Children, Am. J. Health Behav, 23:261-267.
190. Gbadeyan, R. A. (2010) Content Analysis of Selected Television Commercials
to Children in Lagos State Nigeria, African Journal of Marketing Management,
2(5):101-106.
191. Gerbner G, Gross L, Morgan M and Signorielli N (1994) Growing Up with
Television: the Cultivation Perspective. In Bryant J, Zillmann D, eds. Media
Effects: Advances in Theory and Research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum,
pp.17–41.
192. Gerbner, G (1999) The Image of Children in Prime Time Television: Casting
and Fate. In C.von Feitizen and U.Carlsson (Eds) Children and Media: Image
Education Participation Goteborg, Sweden: The UNESCO Clearing House on
Children and Violence on the Screen, pp.69-76.
193. Goldberg M.E, Gorn G and Gibson W (1978) TV Messages for Snack and
Breakfast Foods: do They Influence Children’s Preferences? Journal of
Consumer Research, 5:73-81.
194. Goldfield et.al. (1999) Effects of Open-Loop Feedback on Physical Activity and
Television Viewing in Overweight and Obese Children: A Randomised
Controlled Trial, Pediatrics, 118(1):157-166.
195. Goldstein, Jeffrey (1998) Children and Advertising - The Research,
Commercial Communications, July:4-8.
305
196. Goldstein, Jeffrey (1994) Children and Advertising: policy implications of
Scholarly Research, London: The Advertising Associations.
197. Goonasekara, A (1998) Children’s Voice in the Media, A Study of Children’s
Television Programmes in Asia, In U.Carlson and C.von Feitizen (Eds) Children
and Media Violence, Goteborg, Sweden: The UNESCO Clearing House on
Children and Violence on the Screen, pp.203-213.
198. Gorn, G.J.; Goldberg, M.A and Kanungo, R.N. (1976) The Role of Educational
Television in Changing the Intergroup Attitudes of Children, Child Development,
Vol. 47,
199. Gortmaker S.L (1996) Television Viewing as a Cause of Increasing Obesity
Among Children in the United States, 1986-1990, Arch Pediatric Adolescent
Med, 150(4):356-362.
200. Gortmaker S.L (1999) Impact of a School-Based Interdisciplinary Intervention
on Diet and Physical Activity among Urban Primary School Children: Eat Well
and Keep Moving, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,153:975-983.
201. Gortmaker, Steven L, Charles A. Salter, Deborah K. Walker, and William H.
Dietz, Jr. (1990) The Impact of Television Viewing on Mental Aptitude and
Achievement: A Longitudinal Study, Public Opinion Quarterly 54:594-604.
202. Gotz, Maya, Dafna Lemish, Amy Aidman and Hyesung Moon (2004) The Role
of Media in Children’s Make Believe Worlds, www.eruopean-mediaculture.org.
203. Graves, Sherryl Browne (1982) The Impact of Television on the Cognitive and
Affective Development of Minority Children. In Television and the Socialization
of the Minority Child,ed. by Gordon L. Berry and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan. New
York: Academic Press, 37– 67.
204. Greenberg, B.S and Byron R (1976) Children and the Perceived Reality of
Television, J.Soc Issues, pp.86-97.
205. Greenberg, B.S (1982) Television and Role Socialization: An Overview, In
D.Peral, L.Bouthilet and J.Lazar (Eds), Television and Behaviour: Ten Years of
Scientific Progress and Implications for the Eighties, DHHS Publication
No.ADM 82-1196.
206. Greenfield, P.M (1993) Mind and Media: The Effects of Television, Video
Games and Computers, Cambridge, MA:Harward University Press.
207. Gregoire, M (1997) Television Advertising: the Protection and the Respect of
Children, Commercial Communication, 7(6):33-36.
306
208. Greenstein, J. (1954) Effects of Television upon Elementary School Grades,
Journal of Educational Research, 48(3):161-176.
209. Groer,M. (1990) Automatic and Cardiovascular Responses of Preschool
Children to Television Programs, Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric
and Mental Health Nursing, 3(4):134-138.
210. Gross, Lynne Schafer and R.Patricia Walsh (1980) Factors Affecting Parental
Control Over Children’s Television Viewing: A Pilot Study, Journal of
Broadcasting, 24(3):411-419.
211. Guilford, Joy P., and Fruchter, Benjamin (1973) Fundamental Statistics in
Psychology and Education, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
212. Gunter, Barrie (1982) Does Television Interfere With Reading Development?
Psychological Abstract, 69(1):84.
213. Gunter, Barrie and Jill McAlleer (1997) Children and Television, London :
Routledge.
214. Gunter, B and Furnham, A (1998) Children as Consumers: A Psychological
Analysis of the Young People’s Market, London: Routledge.
215. Gunter, Barrie, Caroline Oates and Mark Blades (2005) Advertising to Children
on TV: Content, Impact and Regulation / Barrie Gunter, Caroline Oates & Mark
Blades. Mahwah, New Jersey and London : Lawrence Erlbaum
216. Hafener M.J. and Wartella, E.A. (1987) Effects of Sibling Co-Viewing on
Children’s Interpretation of Television Programmes, Journal of Broadcasting
and Electronic Media, 31(2):153-168.
217. Halford J.C, Gillepsie J and Brown V (2004) Effect of Television
Advertisements for Foods on Food Consumption in Children, Appetite,
42(2):221–225.
218. Hall, C.S and G.Lindzey (1970) Theories of Personality, 2nd Edition, Wiley,
New York, USA.
219. Hamilton, H.B. (1975) The Relationship Between Tele Viewing and Reading
Interests of Seventh Grade Pupils. Dissertation Abstracts International, 35, 100-
A. (University Microfilms No. 74-14,232).
220. Hancox, R.J., B.J. Milne, and R. Poulton (2005) Association of Television
Viewing During Childhood With Poor Educational Achievement, Arch Pediatr
Adolesc Med, 159(7):614-618.
307
221. Haque (1986) Is development news more silent than human interest stories in
Indian Elite Press? Gazette, 38(3):83-99.
222. Hardie, J (1990) Classification and standards in Children’s Television
Programmes, Discussion Paper, NZ Broadcasting Standards Authority, 5:22-29.
223. Harris, Jennifer L, John A, Bargh and Kelly D. Brownell (2009) Priming
Effects of Television Food Advertising on Eating Behavior, Health Psychology,
28(4):404-413.
224. Harrison K and Marske A.L (2005) Nutritional Content of Food Advertised
During the Television Programs Children Watch Most, Am J Public Health,
95(9):1568–74.
225. Harrison, C (2004) Excellence in television for young children – Entertainment,
Engagement and Empowerment, Australian Journal of Early Childhood,
29(2):50-57.
226. Harrison, L.E, and Williams, T.M. (1986) Television and Cognitive
Development. In T.M. Williams (Ed.), The Impact of Television: A Natural
Experiment in Three Communities, Orlando: Academic Press, 87-142.
227. Hartup, W.W. and Van Lieshout, C.F.M. (1995) Personality Development in
Social Context, Annual Review of Psychology, 46 (1):655-687.
228. Haugland, S.W (1992) The Effect of computer software on Preschool
Children’s Developmental Gains, Journal of Computing in Childhood Education,
3:15-30.
229. Healy J.M (1998) Understanding TV’s Effects on the Developing Brain,
Reprinted from AAP News.
230. Hearold S (1986) A Synthesis of 1043 Effects of Television on Social Behavior,
in G.Comstic (Ed), Public Communications and Behavior, Vol.1, Academic
Press, New York.
231. Heather, L, Kirkorian, Ellen A. Wartella, and Daniel R. Anderson (2008) Media
and Young Children’s Learning, Spring, 18(1):39-61.
232. Heideman, P.J. (1957) A Study of the Relationship Between Tele Viewing and
Reading Abilities of Eighth Grade Students. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation,
University of Minnesota.
233. Hemamalini,S, Arul Aram and Premalatha Rajan (2010) Impact of Violent
Images in Chutti Television, Journal of Media and Communication Study,
2(6):138-143.
308
234. Hernandez B, Gortmaker S.L, Colditz G.A, Peterson K.E, Laird N.M and Parra-
Cabrera S. (1999) Association of Obesity With Physical Activity, Television
Programs and Other Forms of Video Viewing Among Children in Mexico City,
Int J Obes, 23:845–854.
235. Hettige, S.T. (1996) Globalisation, Social Change and the Youth, Colombo:
Karunaratne and Sons, p.6.
236. Hill J.M and Radimer K.L (1997) A Content Analysis of Food Advertisements
in Television for Australian Children, Australian J. Nutri. Dietetics, 54(4):174-
181.
237. Himmelweit, H. T., A. N. Oppenheim, and P. Vince (1958) Television and the
Child: An Empirical Study of the Effects of Television on the Young, London:
Oxford University Press,
238. Hindustan Times (2005) Too Much of TV Bad for Young Hearts, Wednesday,
October 19.
239. Hobbs, R and Frost, R (2003) Measuring the Acquisition of Media Literacy
Skills, Reading Research Quarterly, 38(3):330-355.
240. Hodge, Robert and Tripp, David (1987) Children and Television, Cambridge:
Polity Press
241. Hodge, B and D.Tripp (1998) Ten Theses on Children and Television, In are
Dickenson, R.Harindranath and O.Linne (Eds), Approaches to Audiences.: A
Reader, London: Arnold.
242. Hoek, Janet and Kelly Laurence (1993) Television Advertising to Children: An
Analysis of Selected New Zealand Commercials, Marketing Bulletin, 4:19-29.
243. Hoek, Janet and Sheppard W. (1990) Stereotyping in Advertisements Viewed
by Children, Marketing Bulletin, 1, 7-12.
244. Hoffman, H. (1972) Children’s Use of Television and Other Media. In: E.A.
Rubinstein, G.A. Comstock and J.P. Murray (eds.), Television and Social
Behavior, Vol. 4: Television in Day-to-Day Life: Patterns of Use. Washington,
D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office.
245. Hofkins, D. (2008) Gently Ranting for the Sake of Children – An Interview
with Richard House, The Guardian (Education Supplement), www.guardian.co.
246. Holden, H (1982) The Effects of Television on Children: A Review of
Research, London: National Children’s Bureau.
309
247. Holman, Jacqueline, Valerie Braithwaite and Bevery Hughson (1984)
Television and the Preschool Child: Relating Viewing Habits to Family Lifestyle,
Attitudes and Children’s Adjustment, Aust. Journal of Early Childhood, Vol.9
(4):29-34.
248. Holtzman, Wayne H and Isabel Reyes-Lagunes (1981) Impact of Educational
Television on Young Children, UNESCO, Paris.
249. Hornik, R. (1982) Television and Educational Achievement, In D.Pearl, L.
Bouthilet, and J. Lazar (Eds.), Tele-Vision and Behavior: Ten Years of Scientific
Progress and Implications for the Eighties: Vol. 2. Technical Reviews (DHHS
Publication No. ADM 82-1196, pp. 78-90). Washington, DC: U.S. Government
Printing Office.
250. Hornik, R.C (1978) Television Access and the Slowing of Cognitive Growth,
American Educational Research Journal, 15:1-15.
251. Hoskins, Colin G., Adam Finn and Stuart Mc-Fadyen (1998) Global Television
and Film: An Introduction to the Economics of the Business, Oxford, UK:
Oxford University Press.
252. House, R. (2004). Television and the Growing Child: A Balanced View? New
View, 32, 21–25.
253. Howard S.M, and Robers, S (2002) Winning Hearts and Minds: Television and
the Very Young Audience, Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 3:315-337.
http://www.kff.org.
254. Huang, Fali and Myoung-Jae Lee (2010) Dynamic Treatment Effect Analysis
of TV Effects on Child Cognitive Development, J. Appl. Econ. 25: 392–419.
255. Huesmann R.L, Lagerspetz K and Eron L.D (1984) Intervening variables in the
Television Violence- Aggression Relation: Evidence from Two Countries, Dev
Psychol,20:746-775.
256. Huesmann, L. R., Guerra, N. G., Zelli, A and Miller, L (1992) Differing
Cognitions Relating to TV Viewing and Aggression Among Boys and Girls. In
K. Bjorkqvist & P. Niemela (Eds.), Of Mice and women New York: Academic
Press,pp.77–87.
257. Huesmann, L.R., and L.D. Eron (1986) Television and the Aggressive Child: A
Cross-National Comparison. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
258. Huesmann, Rowell, L, Jessica Moise-Titus, Cheryl-Lynn Podolski and Leonard
D. Eron (2003) Longitudinal Relations Between Children’s Exposure to
310
Television Violence and their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young
Adulthood: 1977–1992, Developmental Psychology, 39(2):201–221.
259. Hurlock, Elizabeth B. (1997) Child development, 6th edition, Tata McGraw
Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, India.
260. Huston and Wright (1983) Children’s Processing of Television: The
Informative Functions of Formal Features, In J.Bryant and D.R. Anderson (eds)
Children’s Understanding of Television: Research on Attention and
Comprehension, Academic Press, New York.
261. Huston, A.C. et. al. (1990) The development of television viewing patterns in
Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Investigation, Development Psychology,
26(3):409-420.
262. Huston, A.C. et. al. (1995) Perceived Television Reality and Children’s
Emotional and Cognitive Responses to its Social Content, Journal of Applied
Developmental Psychology, 16(2):231-251.
263. Huston, A.C. et.al. (1996) Television and Socialization of Young Children,
Sage Publications, USA.
264. Huston, A.C. et. al. (1998) Television and Informational and Educational Needs
of Children, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science, 557(1):9-23.
265. Huston, A.C. et.al. (1989) Public Policy and Children’s Television, American
Psychologist, 44:424-433.
266. Huston, A.C. and Wright J.C. (1998) Mass Media and Children’s Development,
In W.Damon (Ed) Handbook of Child Psychology, New York: Wiley.
267. Jarlbro, Gunilla (2001) Children and Advertising on Television: A Survey of
the Research, 1994-2000, [email protected].
268. Jayanthini, V (2002) Impact of Television upon Children, Indian Journal of
Practical Pediatrics, Jan-March.
269. Jeffrey R.W and French S.A (1998) Epidemic Obesity in the United States: are
Fast Foods and Television Viewing Contributing? Am J Public Health,88: 277–
280.
270. Jenkins, H (1997) Empowering Children in the Digital Age : Towards A
Radical Media Pedagogy, Radical Teacher, 50:30-35.
271. Jo Salmonm, Anna Timperio, Amanda Telford, Alison Carver and David
Crawford (2005) Association of Family Environment With Children’s Television
311
Viewing and with Low of Physical Activity, Obesity Research, 13(1):1939.-
1951.
272. Joanne Cantor and Cynthia Hoffner (1990) Children’s Fear Reactions to a
Televised a Film as a Function of Perceived Immediacy of Depicted Threat,
Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 34(4):421-442.
273. Johnson J.G, Cohen P, Smailes E.M, Kasen S and Brook J.S (2002) Television
Viewing and Aggressive Behavior During Adolescence and Adulthood, Science,
295:2468-2471.
274. Johnson, B.T. and Eagly, A.H. (2000) Quantitative synthesis of Social
Psychological Research, In H.T.Reis and C.M.Judd (Eds) Handbook of research
methods in Social Psychology, London:Cambridge University Press, pp.375.
275. Johnson, M.O (1996) Television Violence and its Effects on Children, 11(2):94-
99.
276. Johnson, Nicholas (2003) Electronic Communication Convergence, Sage
Publications, New Delhi, India, p-16.
277. Johnson et.al. (2004) Association Between Television Viewing and Sleep
Problems During Adolescents and Early Childhood, Arch Pediatr Adolesc,
158:562-568.
278. Jones, K (1998) Reinventing Children’s Television: Lessons from the 1950s. In
S.Ralph, J.Langham Brown and T.Lees (Eds) What Price Creativity, Luton,
UK:John Libbey Media.
279. Jordan A.B, Hersey J.C, McDivitt J.A and Heitzler C.D (2006) Reducing
Children’s Television-Viewing Time: A Qualitative Study of Children and Their
Parents, Pediatrics, 118:1303–1310.
280. Jordan, A (2004) The Role of Media in Children’s Development: An Ecological
Perspective, Journal of Developmental Behavior Pediatrics, 25:196-206.
281. Joseph, Ammu (2007) Why Children Should be Seen and Heard? Paper
Presented in the 5th World Summit on Media for Children, 28th May, Kuala
Lumpur.
282. Josephson W.L (1995) Television Violence: A Review of the Effects on
Children of Different Ages. Ottawa: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence.
283. Josephson, W. L. (1987) Television Violence and Children’s Aggression:
Testing the Priming, Social Script, and Dis-Inhibition Predictions. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 882–890.
312
284. Joshi, Paramjit T, Adair F Parr and Lisa A Efron (2008) Television Coverage of
Tragedies: What is the Impact on Children, Indian Pediatrics, 45:629-634.
285. Joy, L.A., M.M. Kimball and M.L. Zabrack (1986) Television and Children's
Aggressive Behaviour. In T.M. Williams (Ed.), The Impact of Television: A
Natural Experiment in Three Communities. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
286. Kaenel, J.Von (1997) Daily Dinosurs? Why Big Dailies will be Extinct in Ten
Years, Fairfield County Weekly, June 26.
287. Kaiser Family Foundation (1999) Kids and Media in the New Millennium,
288. Kaiser Family Foundation (2004) The Role of Media in Childhood Obesity,
http://www.kff.org.
289. Kaiser Family Foundation (2005) A Teacher in the Living Room? Educational
Media for Babies, Toddlers and Preschoolers, http://www.kff.org.
290. Katke, Kadambini (2007) The Impact of Television Advertising on Child
Health and Family Spending, International Marketing Conference on Marketing
and Society, April 8-10, IIMK.
291. Kaur, Pavleen and Raghbir Singh (2006) Children in Family Purchase Decision
Making in India and the West: a Review, Academy of Marketing Science Review,
8(1):1-30.
292. Keith et.al. (1986) Parental Involvement, Home Work, and TV Time: Direct
and Indirect Effect on High School Achievement, Psychological Abstracts,
72(7):245.
293. Kerkman et. al. (1990) Children’s Television Programme and Free Market
Solution, Journalism Quarterly, 67(1):147-156.
294. Khiabany, Gholam (2008) Religion and Media in Iran: The Imperative of the
Market and the Straightjacket of Islamism, Unpublished Thesis, London
Metropolitan University, U.K.
295. Kirsh, Steven J (2006) Children, Adolescents, and Media Violence: A Critical
Look at the Research, Thousand Oaks, London and New Delhi: Sage.
296. Klein, Patti (1997) Evidence of Vocabulary Development in Television
Programmes for Preschoolers, Masters Dissertation, Kean College, New Jersey.
297. Kodaira, S.I (1990) The Development of Programmes for Young Children in
Japan, Journal of Educational Television, 16(3):127-150.
313
298. Kohr, R.L. (1979) The Relationship of Home Work and Television Viewing to
Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Student Outcomes, Paper presented at the Annual
Meeting of the National Council for Measurement in Education, San Francisco.
299. Komala, M (2006) Impact of Television on Multi-Dimensional Aspects of
Personality in Children from Selected Areas of Mysore, Unpublished Thesis,
University of Mysore, Karnataka State, India.
300. Koolstra C.M., Voort, T.H.A, Vander and Kamp (1997) Television’s Impact on
Children’s Reading Comprehension and Decoding Skills: A 3 Year Panel Study,
Reading Research Quarterly, 32:128- 152.
301. Kothari, Rajani (1988) Rethinking Development: In Search of Human
Alternatives, Ajanta Publications, Delhi, India.
302. Kotz K and Story M. (1994) Food advertisements during children's Saturday
Morning Television Programming: Are They Consistent with Dietary
Recommendations?, J Am Diet Assoc, 94(11):1296-1300.
303. Kremar, M, B.Grela and K.Lin (2007) Can Toddlers Learn Vocabulary from
Television? An Experimental Approach, Media Psychology, 10:41-63.
304. Krippendorf, K (1980) Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology,
Beverly Hills, C.A: Sage.
305. Krish K, Krish I and John J (1980) Relations between TV Viewing Habits and
Some Personality Traits of 14 Years Olds’, Psychological Abstracts, 67(4):7714.
306. Kromer and Marina (1996) Family Communication Pattern, Discourse Behavior
and Child Television Viewing, Human Communication Research, 23(2):251-277.
307. Kumar, Mohan, Achala Umapaty and Sudha Bhogle (2001) Readings in Child
Development, National Resource Centre for Child Development, Bangalore
University, Bangalore.
308. Kunkel.D. and Gantz. W. (1992) Children Television Advertising in the Multi-
Channel Environment, Journal of Communication, 42(3):134-152.
309. Kuppit, M and Stockbridge (1996) Families and Electronic Entertainment,
Australian Broadcasting Authority, Canbera.
310. Kutti, Krishna, Jayashree and Sudheer Babu (2005) Radio Attuned to the
Future, Journal of Communication Studies, 4(3):70-80.
311. Kytomaki, J. (1998) Parental Control and regulation of School Children’s
Television Viewing, Nordicom, 19(2):49-62.
314
312. Lablonde, J. A. (1967) A Study of the Relationship between the Television
Viewing Habits and Scholastic Achievement of Fifth Grade Children.
Dissertation Abstracts, 27, 2284-A. (University Microfilms No. 67-19).
313. Lawrence F.C and Woznaik P.H. (1989) Children’s Television with Family
Members, Psychological Reports, 65:396-400.
314. Lazar and Bonnie (1996) A Study of Television Violence and Social Work
With Children, Child and Adolescents Social Work Journal, 13(6):527-540.
315. Lears, Margaret O’Connor (1992) The Effect of television viewing on
Children’s Conceptions About Nutrition and Health, Masters Dissertation
Submitted the University of Dalaware.
316. Leckner, Sara and Ulrika Facht (2010) International Media and Communication
Statistics, NORDICOM, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
317. Ledingham, Jane E.C, Anne Ledingham and John E, Richardson (2004) The
Effects of Media Violence on Children, European Medi@Culture-Online, pp.1-
12.
318. Lemish and Dafna (1997) Kindergarterner’s Understanding of television : A
Cross Cultural Comparison, Communication Studies, 48(2):109-126.
319. Lemish, D., (2007) Children and Television: A Global Perspective, Oxford:
Blackwell Livingstone, Sonia (2002) Young People and New Media, London.
320. Lemitzer N.B, Jeffrey D.B, Hess, M.J, Hickey J.S and Stroud J.M. (1979)
Children’s Television Food Advertising: Does It Affect Eating Behavior? Society
for Research in Child Development, San Francisco.
321. Leon, Jose Maria, Cantro, Francisco Javier and Thomas Gomez (1997) Effects
of the Categorization of Television Model Behavior on Children’s
Aggressiveness, Revista –De-Psicologia-Social, 12(1):31-42.
322. Lesser, G.S. (1974) Children and Television: Lessons From Sesame Street, New
York,
323. Lewin Z.G (1990) Children, Television Advertising, Policy Issues and
Practices: A Cognitive Developmental Perspective. Inter-disciplinarian, 9:71-82.
324. Lewin, D and Carlson Paige, N (1994) Developmentally Appropriate
Television: Putting the Child First, Young Children, 49(5):101-118.
325. Lewis M.K and Hill A.J (1998) Food advertising on British Children’s
Television: A Content Analysis Study with a 9 Years Old, Inter. J. Obesity
Related Metabolic Disorder, 22:206-214.
315
326. Licence, K (2004) Promoting and Protecting the Health of Children and Young
People, Child Care, Health and Development, 30(6):623-635.
327. Liebert R.M and Sprafkin J (1988) The Early Window: Effects of Television on
Children and Youth, Pergamon Press, New York.
328. Livingstone, Sonia and Moira Bovill (2001) Children and their Changing Media
Environment: A European Comparative Study, Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
329. Lohr, Paul (1999) Children, Television and the New Media: A Reader of
Research and Documentation in Germany, Manfred Meyer, Munich: University
of Luton Press.
330. Lonner, Walter, J, Robert Throndike, Norma M.Forbes, Ashworth. E and Clark
(1985) The Influence of Television on Measured Cognitive Abilities: A Study
With Native Alaskan Children, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
16(1):355-380.
331. Lumeng J.C, Rahmana S and Appugliese D (2006) Television Exposure and
Overweight Risk in Preschoolers, Arch Pediatric Adolescent Med, 160:417–22.
332. Lyle J and Hoffman H.R. (1972) Children’s Use of television and Other Media,
In E.A.Rubinstein et. al. (eds), Television and Social Behavior, Vol-4,
Government Printing Press, Washington, D.C.
333. Lyle, Schramm and Parker (1961) Television in the Lives of Our Children,
Stanford University Press, California.
334. Maccoby, Eleanor E (1951) Television: its Impact on School Children, Public
Opinion Quarterly, 15:421-424.
335. Maccoby, Eleanor E (1954) Why do Children Watch Television?, Public
Opinion Quarterly, Fall: 239-244.
336. Magnus, A, MM Haby, R.Carter and B.Swinburn (2009) The Cost-
Effectiveness of Removing Television Advertising of High-Fat and/or High-
Sugar Food and Beverages to Australian Children, International Journal of
Obesity, pp.1-9.
337. Mahawar, Sangeeta (2004) Children: TV Programmes, Diffusion online –24
338. Mankekar, D.R. (1974) Why no Watergates here?, Quest, 87:33-36.
339. Maryam, Amini, Mohsenian –Rad Mehdi, Kimiagar Masood, Ghaffarpour
Mosoomeh, Omidvar Nasrin and Mehrabi Yadollah (2005) Food Advertising on
316
Iranian Children’s Television: A Content Analysis and An Experimental Study
With Junior High School Students.
340. Matheson D.M, Killen J.D, Wang Y, Varady A and Robinson T.A (2004)
Children’s Food Consumption During Television Viewing, Am J Clin Nutr,
79:1088 –1094.
341. Mazzei, Enza, Maria Freda and Francesca (1997) Children and Violence on TV,
Psichiatria-dell’Ifancia-e-dell, Adolescenza, 64(1):125-129.
342. Mbwana, Kassim and Kristin Anderson Moore (2008) Parental involvement in
Middle Childhood: Can it Protect Children from Harmful TV Viewing Habits
and Behavior?, www.childtrends.org.
343. McCall, R.B., R.D. Parke and R.D. Kavanaugh (1977) Imitation of live and
Televised Models by Children One to Three Years Of Age, Monographs of the
Society for Research in Child Development 42, Serial No. 173.
344. McKenna, Maria W, Ossof and Elizabeth, P (1998) Age differences in
Children’s Comprehension of a Popular Television Programme, Child Study
Journal, 28(1):53-68.
345. Melissa, Lander (1997) Children’s Television Viewing Habits, www.aber.ac.uk.
346. Melody, William (1977) Children’s Television: The Economics of Exploitation,
New Haven: Yale University Press.
347. Mendelson, G. and M. Young (1972) A Content Analysis of Black and Minority
Treatment on Children’s Television, Boston: Action for Children’s Television.
348. Merton H (1984) The Television Advertising of Food to Children: A South
Australian Study, J. Food Nut, 41:170-175.
349. Meringof, L.K, and Lessor, G.S. (1980) Children’s Ablity to Restingush
Television Commercials from Programme Materials, In R.P.Adlerl, G.S.Lessor,
L.K.Meringof , TS Roberson, J.R. Rosittier, and S.Ward, (Eds) The Effects of
Television Advertising on Children, Laxington, MA: Lexington Books, pp.29-42.
350. Messaris, Paul and Dennis Kerr (1983) Mother’s Comments about Television:
Relation to Family Communication Patterns, Communication Research, 10:175-
194.
351. Ministry of Education, Japan (1963) A Research on the Effects of Television
upon Children. Tokyo.
352. Ministry of Health and Medical Education (1997) A Report on Smoking
Advertising and Promotion Bans in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran.
317
353. Minnesota Department of Health (2009) TV Viewing and Childhood Obesity:
Minnesota Initiative in the Child Care Setting, www.health.state.mn.us/obesity.
354. Mishra, Mirsa and Khaltri (1985) Effect of Television Viewing on Academic
Performance of School Children, Psychological Abstracts, 74(5):2286.
355. Morgan M (1993) Television and School Performance, Adolescent Med,4: 607–
622
356. Morgan, M., and Gross, L. (1980) Television and Academic Achievement,
Journal of Broadcasting, 24:117-232.
357. Morley, Belinda C. (2007) National Community Survey of TV Food
Advertising to Children, Centre for Behavioral Research in Cancer, Victoria.
358. Morton H, Stanton R, Zuppa J and Mehta K (2005) Food Advertising and
Broadcasting Legislation – A Case of System Failure? J. Dieticians Ass.
Australia, 62(1): 26-33.
359. Mughari, Ali Mokhtari (2010) Analysis of Guerrilla and Traditional Marketing
Integration in Improving the Productivity of Organizational Marketing in
Enterprises in Iran: A Case Study of Kaveh Industrial Estate in Iran, African
Journal of Business Management, 5(3):944-948.
360. Murray, J.P. (1998) Studying Television Violence: A Research Agenda for the
21st Century. In J.K. Asamen and G. L. Berry (Eds.), Research Paradigms,
Television, and Social Behavior (pp. 369–410). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
361. Murray, J.P., and Kippax, S. (1978) Children's Social Behavior in Three Towns
With Differing Television Experience, Journal of Communication, 28(1):19-29.
362. Murray, John P, Mario Liotti, Paul T. Ingmundson, Helen S. Mayberg, Yonglin
Pu, Frank Zamarripa, Yijun Liu, Marty G. Woldorff, Jia-Hong Gao and Peter T.
Fox (2006) Children’s Brain Activations While Viewing Televised Violence
Revealed by fMRI, Media Psychology, 8, 25–37.
363. Murthy, D.V.R (2000) Development News Coverage in the Indian Press: An
Analysis of Four Dailies, Media Asia, 27(1):24-53.
364. Myrtek M.C, Schraff, G Bruegner and W.Mueller (1996) Physiological,
Behavioral and Psychological Effects Associated With Television Viewing in
School Boys: An Exploratory Study, Journal of Early Adolescence’, 16(3):301-
323.
318
365. Naigles, Letitia and Lara Mayeux (2001) Television as Incidental Language
Teacher, In Singer, D and Singer J, (Eds) Handbook of Children and the Media,
London: Sage Publications, pp.135-152.
366. Nathanson, A.I. (1999) Identifying the Relationship Between Parental
Mediation and Children’s Aggression, Communication Research, 26:124-144.
367. National Institute on Media and Family (2002) Fact Sheet on Television Effect
on Reading and Academic Achievements, New Delhi, India.
368. Nawathe, Anand, Rohan Gawande and Sudhir Dethe (2007) Impact of
Advertising on Children’s Health, Paper Presented in the International Marketing
Conference on Marketing & Society, 8-10 April, 2007, IIMK, E-mail:
369. Nelson, A.C (2000) Report of Family and Community Development
Committee, Parliament of Victoria, Australia, No.49.
370. Neuman, S. B. (1988) The Displacement Effect: Assessing the Relation
Between Television Viewing and Reading Performance, Reading Research
Quarterly, 23:414—440.
371. Neuman, S.B. (1980) Television: Its Effects on Reading and School
Achievement, The Reading Teacher, 3:801-805.
372. Neuman, S.B., and Prowda, P. (1982) Television and Reading Achievement.
Journal of Reading, Dutch Broadcasting Corporation.
373. Neville L, Thomas M and Bauman A (2005) Food Advertising on Australian
Television: the Extent of Children’s Exposure, Health Promotion Int, 20(2):105-
112.
374. Nie, Norman H, Bent, Dale H and Hull C, Hadlai (1970) Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences, New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, USA.
375. Nikken, Peter and Van Der Voort (1997) Children’s Views on Quality
Standards for Children’s Television Programs, Journal of Educational Media,
23:169-185.
376. Nikken, Peter and Allerd L. Peeters (1988) Children’s Perceptions of Television
Reality, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 32(4):441-452.
377. Nikken, Peter (1999) Quality in Children’s Television, Ph.D. Thesis,
Netherlands Youth Information Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
378. Nirmala, A (2004) The Impact of Television on Children, Kerala Calling,
November, p.9.
319
379. Nixon, R (1997) Print Media Rest in Peace?, Fairfield County Weekly, June 19.
380. Noor, H and Osman, M, (2004) Malaysian Children’s Attitudes Towards
Television Advertising, Journal of Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas of
Responsible Marketers, 5:41-51.
381. Önder, Alev and Asude Balaban Dagal (2007) Turkish Parents’ Views on
Quality Standards for Children’s Television Programmes, The Turkish Online
Journal of Educational Technology – TOJET, 6 (1):25-39.
382. O'sullivan S.L and Smyser (1981) A Study of the Relation-Ship Between
Television Viewing Habits and Early Reading Achievement, Dissertation
Abstracts International, 41, 4972-A. (University Microfilms No. AAD 81-11630)
383. Owen, Bruce M. (1999) The Internet Challenge to Television, Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
384. Owens, J.A, Maxim R, McGuinn, M, Nobilc C., Msall M and Alario A (1999)
A Television Viewing Habits and Sleep Disturbance in School Children,
pediatrics, 104:27.
385. Paavonen , Juulia E, Marjo Pennonen, Mira Roine, Satu Valkonen and Anja
Riitta Lahikainen (2006) TV Exposure Associated with Sleep Disturbances in 5
to 6 Year Old Children, J.Sleep Res. 15:154-161.
386. Padderud, Allan Bruce (1973) Children’s Reactions to Television Commercials,
Masters Dissertation, The Ohio State University, USA.
387. Paik, H and Comstock, G. A. (1994). The Effects of Television Violence on
Antisocial Behavior: A Meta-Analysis. Communication Research, 21,516–546.
388. Palmer E.L. (1988) Television and America’s Children: A Crisis of Neglect,
Oxford University Press, New York.
389. Papalia, Diane, Sally Wendkos Olds and Ruth Duskin Feldman (2010) Human
Development, 9th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
390. Pardee, Perrie E, Gregory BS, Norman, J, Robert H, Lustig, Daniel
Preud’homme, and Jeffrey B.Schwimmer (2007) Television Viewing and
Hypertension in Obese Children, Am J Prev Med, 33(6):439–443.
391. Parsons, Patrick R and Robert M, Frieden (1998) Cable and Satellite Television
Industries, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
392. Paulson, F.L. (1973) Teaching Cooperation on Television: An Evaluation of
Sesame Street Social Goals Program, Communication Review, 22:220-246.
320
393. Pecora, Norma, (1998) The Business of Children’s Entertainment, New York:
Guilford Press.
394. Pecora, Norma, John P, Murray and Ellen Ann Wartella (2007) Children and
Television: Fifty Years of Research, Mahwah, New Jersey and London : LEA.
395. Persegani et. al. (2001) Television viewing and Personality Structure in
Children, Centre for Clinical Neuro Psycho Physiological Research, Rome Italy.
396. Piaget, J and Inhelder, B (1969) The Psychology of the Child, Basic Books,
New York, USA.
397. Piaget, J (1970) The Stages of the Intellectual Development of the Child, In
P.H.Mussen, J.J. Conger and J.Kagan (eds) Readings in Child Development and
Personality, New York: Harpern and Row, pp.291-298.
398. Pine, Karen J and Avril Nash (2002) The Effects of Television Advertising on
Young Children, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(6):529-
539.
399. Pinon M.F, A.C. Huston and J.C.Wright (1989) Family Ecology and Child
Characteristics that Predict Young Children’s Educational Television Viewing,
Child Development, 60(1):846-896.
400. Pitzer, Ronald (1989) Television and Children, Minnesota Extension Service,
University of Minnesota, USA.
401. Potts,R and Henderson J (1991) The Dangerous World of Television: A Content
Analyses of Physical Behavior of Children, Children’s Environ, pp.7-14.
402. Powell, Gloria Johnson (1982) The Impact of Television on the Self-Concept
Development of Minority Group Children. In Television and the Socialization of
the Minority Child (ed) by Gordon L. Berry and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan, New
York: Academic Press, 105–131.
403. Proctor M.H, Moore L.L and Gao D (2003) Television Viewing and Change in
Body Fat from Preschool to Early Adolescence: The Framingham Children’s
Study, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27:827–33.
404. Quarforth, J.M (1979) Children’s Understanding of the Nature of TV
Characters, Journal of Communication, 29(3):210-218.
405. Ranjibarian Bahram, Saeed fathi and Zahra Shekarchizade (2010) Age
Influences on Information Processing of Television Advertisement Messages by
the Elementary Students, Bahram1 [email protected]
321
406. Rao, L (1999) Advocates of a New Consumer Society: Children in Television
Advertising, In C.von Fetizen and U.Carlson (Eds) Children and Media : Image
Education Participation, Goteborg, Sweden:the UNESCO International Clearing
House on Children and Violence on the Screen, Nordicom.
407. Reid, L.N (1979) Viewing Rules as Mediating Factors of Children’s Responses
to Commercials, Journal of Broadcasting, 23(1): 15-26.
408. Rice M.L and Woodsmall L (1998) Lessons from Television: Children’s Word
Learning When Viewing, Child Dev, 59:420-429.
409. Rieken, G. and Yavas, U. (1990). Children's General, Product and Brand
Specific Attitudes Towards Television Commercials: Implications for Public
Policy and Advertising Strategy, International Journal of Advertising, 9:136–
148.
410. Ritchie, D., V. Price, and D. F. Roberts (1987) Television, Read ing, and
Reading Achievement: A reappraisal, Communication Research, 14:292-315.
411. Roberts T.S. (1980) Television Advertising and Parent-Child Relations, in
R.P.Alder et. al. (eds) the Effects of Television Advertising on Children,
Lexington Books, Lexington.
412. Roberts, D. F and Foehr, U. G (2008) Trends in Media Use, Children and the
Electronic Media. Eds. McLanahan, S., Haskins, R., Paxson, C., Rouse, C.,
Sawhill, I., Donahue, E. H., et al. The Future of Children, 18(1).
413. Roberts, D.E, Bachen,C .M., Hornby,M .C., and Hernan-Dez-Ramos, P. (1984)
Reading and Television: Predictors of Reading Achievement at Different Age
Levels, Communication Research, 11, 9-49.
414. Roberts, D.F., Foehr, U.G., Rideout, V.J and Brodie M.B. (1999) Kids and the
Media at the New Millennium, Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation
Report.
415. Robertson T.S (1979) Parental Mediation of Television Advertising Effects. J
Commun, 29:12-25.
416. Robertson T.S and Rossiter J.R (1977) Children's Responsiveness to
Commercials, J Commun, 27(1)101-106.
417. Robinson T.N (1999) Reducing Children’s Television Viewing to Prevent
Obesity; A Randomized Controlled Trial, JAMA,282:16
322
418. Robinson T.N (2001) Effects of Reducing Children's Television and Video
Game Use on Aggressive Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155:17- 23.
419. Robinson, N.Thomas, Melissa Nichols Saphir, Helena C. Kraemer, Ann Varady
and K. Farish Haydel (2001) Effects of Reducing Television Viewing on
Children's Requests for Toys: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Developmental
and Behavioral Pediatrics, 22(3):184.
420. Robinson, T.N (2001) Television Viewing and Childhood Obesity, Pediatric
Clin North Am, 48(4):1017-1025.
421. Robinson, T.N, Chen, H.L and Killen, J.D (1998) Television and Music Video
Exposure and Risk of Children and Adolescent Alcohol Use, Pediatrics, 102:5.
422. Roedder, D.L. (1981) Age Differences in Children’s Responses to Television
Advertising: An Information Processing Approach, Journal of Marketing
Research, pp.144-53.
423. Rosenkoetter, L.I, Huston A.C. and J.C.Wright (1990) Television and the Moral
Judgment of the Young Child, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,
11(1):123-137.
424. Rosenthal, R (1991) Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research, Newbury
Park, CA: Sage.
425. Rossiter, J.R. (1977) Reliability of a Short Test Measuring Children’s Attitudes
Toward Television Commercials, Journal of Consumer Research, pp. 179–184.
426. Roussel, John Mathieu (1996) Adapting Television Cultivation Theory
Variables to Determine the Effects of P.E. Television on Middle School Viewers’
Attitudes Toward Physical Activity, Ph.D Thesis, Faculty of the Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University.
427. Rubinstein, E.A., Liebert, R.M., Neale, J.M., and Poulos, R.W. (1974)
Assessing Television's Influence on Children's Pro-Social Behavior, Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 31:459-466.
428. Ruin, R.S. (1974) The Effects of Cognitive Development on Children’s
Response to Television Advertising, Journal of Business Research, 2:409-419.
429. Rushton, J.P and Owen, D. (1975) Immediate and Delayed Effects of TV
Modeling and Preaching on Children's Generosity, British Journal of Social and
Clinical Psychology, 14: 309-310.
323
430. Salavati, Adel and Reza Shafei (2010) Surveying and Comparing the Effect of
Television Advertising Tools on the Behavior of Consumers of Detergents: Case
Study in Developing Countries, European Journal of Social Sciences, 17(1):96-
103.
431. Salomon, Gavriel (1987) Television and Reading : The Roles of Orientations
and Reciprocal Relations, In Manley-Casimir, Michael E and Luke, Carmen
(Eds), Children and Television: A Challenge for Education, New York:
Greenwood Press, pp.15-33.
432. Sandars et. al. (2000) The Mass Media and the Prevention of Child Behavior
Problems: The Evaluation of a Television Series to Promote Positive Outcomes
for Parents and Their Children, Parenting and Family Support Centre, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
433. Santrock, John W. (2006) Child Development, Eleventh Edition, Tata McGraw
Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi.
434. Schiller, John (1989) Regional Children’s Television: One Community’s
Response, Early Child Development Care, 52(1):111-119.
435. Schneider, C (1987) Children’s Television: The Art, the Business and How it
Works. Chicago: National Textbook Company.
436. Schramm, W., Lyle, J., and Parker, E. (1961) Television in the Lives of Our
Children. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
437. Scotland Report (2010) Health Behavior in School Aged Children, Cross
National Study.
438. Scragg, Robert, Rob Quigley and Rachael Taylor (2006) Does Watching
Television Contribute to Increased Body Weight and Obesity in Children?,
Report Submitted by the Scientific Committee of the Agencies for Nutrition
Action., Canada.
439. Searls, D.T., Mead, N.A., and Ward, B. (1985) The Relationship of Students'
Reading Skills to TV Watching, Lei-Sure Time Reading, and Homework. Journal
of Reading, 29, 158-162
440. Shabbir, Muhammad Shahbaz, Shabana Kirmani and Hafiz Faiz-Ul-Hassan
(2008) Children Attitude towards TV Advertisements in Pakistan, European
Journal of Scientific Research, 21(4):693-699.
324
441. Shastri, J and P.Mohite (1997) Television Viewing Pattern of Primary School
Children and its Relationship to Academic Performance and Cognitive Skills,
International Journal of Early Years Education, 5(2):153-160.
442. Sheppard, A (1994) Children’s Understanding of Television Programmes:
Three Exploratory Studies, Current Psychology, 13(2): 124-137.
443. Sheykhim Mohammad Taghi (2006) Children and Young People’s Status in
Iran: Profiles and Challenges, Electronic Journal of Sociology, Al-Zahra
University, Tehran.
444. Signorielli, Nancy (1991) A Sourcebook on Children and Television, London:
Greenwood Press.
445. Signorielli, Nancy (2001) Television’s Gender Role Images and Contribution to
Stereo Typing: Past, Present and Future, In Singer, D and Singer, J (Eds)
Handbook of Children and Media, Thousand Oaks: Sage, pp.341-358.
446. Signorielli, Nancy (1989) The World of Children’s Television: Stability and
Conventionality, Paper Presented at the Speech Communication Association
Convention, San Francisco, CA.
447. Simpson, Brian (2004) Children and Television, New York and London,
Continuum.
448. Singer and Dorothy G (1985) Family Patterns and Television Viewing as
Predictors of Children’s Beliefs and Aggression, Journal of Communication,
34(2):73-89.
449. Singer and Dorothy G (1999) Imaginative Play and Television: Factors in a
Child’s Development, Lawrence Erlbaum associates inc., Publishers, Mahwah,
NJ, USA.
450. Singer D.G and Singer J.L (1998) Developing Critical Viewing Skills and
Media Literacy in Children. In: Jordan AB, Jamieson KH, eds. Children and
Television. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Science, 557:164–179.
451. Singer J.L, Singler D.G and Rapaczynski W (1984) Family Patterns and
Television Viewing as Predictors of Children’s Beliefs and Aggression, J
Commun, 34:73-89.
452. Singer M.I, Slovak K, Frierson T and York P. (1998) Viewing Preferences,
Symptoms of Psychological Trauma, and Violent Behaviors Among Children
Who Watch Television, J Am Acad Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 37:1041– 1048.
325
453. Singer, D. and J. Singer (1986) Family Experiences and Television Viewing As
Predictors of Children's Imagination, Restlessness, and Aggression, Journal of
Social Issues, 42:107-124.
454. Singer, J.L. and Singer, D.G (1983) Implications of Childhood Television
Viewing for Cognition, Imagination and Emotion, In J,Bryant and D.Zillmann
(Eds), Children’s Understanding of Television, New York: Academic Press,
pp.265-295.
455. Singer, Zuckerman and Singer L (1980) Helping Elementary School Children
Learn About TV, Journal of Communication, 30(3):84-93.
456. Skinner, D (1997) Computers: Good for Education?, Public Interest, 128:98-
109.
457. Slater, B.R. (1965) An Analysis and Appraisal of the Amount of Tele Viewing,
General School Achievement and Socioeconomic Status of Third Grade Students
in Selected Public Schools of Eric County, N.Y. Dissertation Abstracts, 25, 5651.
458. Splaine, J. (1978) Television and Its Influence on Reading. Educational
Technology, 18(2), 15-19.
459. Sridhar, Susan (2002) Children and Television Violence, Journal of
Communication Studies, 1(3):52-64.
460. St.Peters, M., M. Pitch, A.C. Huston, J.C. Wright and D.J. Eakins (1991)
Television and Families: What do Young Children Watch With Their Parents?
Child Development 63, 1409-1423.
461. Staplts, Signorielli, N (1997) Television and Children’s Conceptions of
Nutrition, Health Communication, 9:289-301.
462. Starkey, J.D., and Swinford, H.L. (1974) Reading, does Television Viewing
Time Affect it? DeKalb: Northern Illinois University. (ERIC Document
Reproduction Service No. ED 090 966).
463. Stein, A.H and Friedrich, L.K. (1975) Impact of Television on Children and
Youth. In E.M. Hetherington (ed.), Review of Child Development Research
(Vol.5), Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
464. Steinfield, Jesse (1972) Report of the Scientific Advisory Committee on
Television and Social Behavior, US.
465. Stern B and Robert H (1984) The Incidence and Characteristic of Disclaimers in
Children’s Television Advertising, 13(2):12 -16.
326
466. Steurer F.B, Applefield J.M and Smith R (1971) Televised Aggression and the
Interpersonal Aggression of Preschool Children, J Exp Child Psychol, 11:442-
447.
467. Stoneman et. al. (1981) Peers as Mediators of Television Food Advertisements
Aimed at Children, Development Psychology, 17(6):853-858.
468. Stoneman et. al. (1981) The Indirect Impact of Television Food Advertisement
on Mother – Child Interactions Aimed at Children, Journal of Applied
Developmental psychologoy, 17(6):853-858.
469. Stranger J.D (1998) Television in the Home: The Third Annual National Survey
of Parents and Children, PA, Annenberg Public Policy Center, Philadelphia.
470. Strasburger V.C (1986) Does Television Affect Learning and School
Performance? Pediatrician, 13:141-147.
471. Strasburger V.C (2001) Children and TV Advertising: Nowhere to Run,
Nowhere to Hide, J Dev Behav Pediatr, 22:185–187.
472. Strasburger V.C and B.J.Wilson (2001) Children, Adolescents and the Media,
Thousand Oak California: Sage.
473. Stroman and Carolyn (1991) Television’s Role in the Socialization Of African –
American Children and Adolescents, Journal of Negro-Education, 60(3):314 -
327.
474. Strouse, J.D and Buerkel-Rothfuss, N.L. (1987) Media Exposure and Attitudes
and Behaviors of College Students, J Sex Educ. Ther., 13:43-51.
475. Sunderraj, Victor (2006) Children and Television, Soujanya Books, Delhi,
India.
476. Surikanthi and Meenakshi (1989) Parental Views on the Usefulness of
Television Programmes to Children, Experiments in Education, 17(7):174-177.
477. Suresh et.al. (2011) Aggressive Behavior Viewed in Programmes for Children
on Czech Public TV, Psychologia-a-Patopsichologia Dietata, 32-3:289-298.
478. Sweet, David and Ram Singh (1994) TV Viewing and Parental Guidance, 10th
Education Consumer Guide, A Series Published for Teachers, Parents and Others
Interested in Current Education Themes, Educational Research and
Improvement, 202-219.
479. Tagney (1988) Aspects of the Family and Children’s Television Viewing
Content Preferences, Child Development, 59(3):1070-1079.
327
480. Tammo H.A, Bijmolt and Wilma Claassen (2006) Children’s Understanding of
TV Advertising: Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence, e-mail:
481. Taras H.L (1989) Television's Influence on Children's Diet and Physical
Activity, J Dev Behav Pediatr, 10(4):176-180.
482. Taras H.L and Gage M (1995) Advertised Foods on Children's Television. Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med, 149(1):649-652.
483. Taras H.L et.al. (1990) Children’s Television Viewing Habits and The Family
Environment, Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 144(3):171-182.
484. Thompson, D.A. and D.A. Christakis (2005) The Association Between
Television Viewing and Irregular Sleep Schedules Among Children Less Than 3
Years of Age, Pediatrics, 116(4): 851-856.
485. Thompson, G. (1964) Children's Acceptance of Television Advertising and the
Relation of Tele Viewing to School Achievement, Journal of Educational
Research, 58(4):171-75.
486. Toyran, M, Ozmert, E and Yurdakok, K (2002) Television Viewing and Its
Effect on Physical Health of School Age Children, Turk.J. Pediatric, 44:194-203.
487. Treun, M (1993) Formative Education of Educational Children’s Programmes,:
A Comparison of Australian and American Models, Australian Journal of
Educational Technology, 9(1):87-97.
488. Tseng E, Shia o (2001) Content Analysis of Children’s Television Advertising
Today, The University of Texas Austin. Pp.1 -19.
489. Tucker, L.A. (1986) The Relationship of Television Viewing to Physical Fitness
and Obesity in Children, Psychological Abstracts, 74(5):1524.
490. Unnikrishnan, Namita and Shailaja Bajpai (1996) The Impact of Television
Advertising on Children, Sage, New Delhi, India.
491. Usharani, N (2004) EDUSAT: India’s First Satellite Dedicated to Education,
Communication Today, 7(1-2):29-39.
492. Utter J, Scragg R and Schaaf D (2006) Association Between Television
Viewing and Consumption of Commonly Advertised Foods Among New
Zealand Children and Young Adolescents, Public Health Nutr, 9(5):606–612.
493. Vadehra, Sharad (2010) Advertising to Children in India, Young Consumers,
4:75-79.
328
494. Valbuena, Victor. T, (1991) Children’s Television in Asia, Media Asia,
18(4):464-471.
495. Valerio M, Amodio P, Dal Zio M, Vianello A and Zacchello G.P (1997) The
Use of Television in 2- to 8-Year-Old Children and the Attitude of Parents About
Such Use. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 151:22–26.
496. Valkenburg, Patti M (2004) Children’s Responses to the Screen: A Media
Psychological Approach, Mahwah, New Jersey & London : LEA.
497. Van Den Bulck J (2004) Television Viewing, Computer Game Playing and
Internet Use and Self –Reported Time to Bed and Time out of Bed in Secondary
School Children, Sleep, 27(1):101-104.
498. Van, Der Molen et.al. (1997) Children’s Recall of Television and Print News: A
Media Comparison Study, Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1): 82-91.
499. Van, Zutphen M et.al (2007) Association Between the Family Environment and
Television Viewing in Australian Children, Journal of Pediatrics and Child
Health, 43(6):458-463.
500. Van Evra, Judith (1998) Television and Child Development, Second Edition,
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp.15-29.
501. Vandewater, A. Elizabeth, David, S. Bickham and June H. Lee (2006) Time
Well Spent? Relating Television Use to Children’s Free-Time Activities,
Pediatrics, 117:181-191.
502. Van Lil,. J.E, M.Voojis and T.H.A. van der Voor (1994) Parental Attitudes
Towards Television and the Guidance of Children’s Television Viewing,
Medienpsychologie, 6(1):2-14.
503. Voort, T.H.A. Vander (1986) Television Violence: A Child’s Eye View,
Amsterdam: North Holland.
504. Vorder, Peter, Knobloch and Silvia (1996) Para-Social Relationships With
Characters From A TV Series: Supplement of Functional Alternative?
Medienpsychologie Zeitschrift Fuer Individual and Massenkommunikation,
8(3):201-216.
505. Walker, James and Douglas A. Fergeson (1998) Broadcast Television Industry,
Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
506. Ward TB: Opinions on Television Advertising to Children (1984) A Content
Analysis of Letters to the Federal Trade Commission. Merrill-Palmer, 30(1):247-
259.
329
507. Ward, S. and Wackman, D.B. (1973) Children’s Information Processing of
Television Advertising, In. P. Clarke (ed.), New Models for Communication
Research, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, pp.119–146.
508. Ward, S. and Wackman, D.B. (1977) How Children Learn to Buy: The
Development of Consumer Information Processing Skills, Beverly Hills, CA:
Sage Publications, Inc.
509. Wartella, E. (1980) Children and Television: The Development of Child’s
Understanding of Medium, in Without and De Bock (Eds) Mass Communication
Review Yearbook, Beverly Hills: Sage.
510. Wartella, E. and B.Reeves (1984) Trends in Research on Children’s Television,
In J.Murray and G.Salomon (Eds), The Future of Children’s Television,
Nebraska: Boys Town Center, pp.23-35.
511. Wartella, E. and Ettema, J.S (1974) A Cognitive Developmental Study of
Children’s Attention to Television Commercials, Journal of Communication
Research, 1:44–69.
512. Weis, Audrey J, Wilson and Barbara, J (1996) Emotional Portrayals in Family
Television Series That Are Popular Among Children, Journal of Broadcasting
and Electronic Media, 40(1):1-29.
513. Wiecha J.L, Peterson K.E, Ludwig D.S, Kim J and Gortmaker S.L. (2006)
When Children Eat What They Watch: Impact of Television Viewing on Dietary
Intake In Youth, Arch Pediatr Adoles Med, 160:436–442.
514. Wiegerman, O., M. Kuttschreuter and Baarda (1992) A Longitudinal Study of
the Effects of Television Viewing on Aggressive And Pro-Social Behaviors,
British Journal of Social Psychology, 31(2):147-164.
515. Williams, P. A., E.H.Haestel, G.D.Haertel, and H.J.Walberg (1982) The Impact
of Leisure-Time Television on School Learning: A Research Synthesis,
American Educational Research Journal, 19:19-50.
516. Wilson, Barbara J, Smith and Stacy L (1998) Children’s Responses to
Emotional Portrayals on Televisions, Handbook of Communication and Emotion:
Research, Applications and Contexts, Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
517. Wiman A.R (1983) Parental Insurance and Children’s Responses to Television
Advertising, Journal of Advertising, 12(1):12-18.
518. Winick C, Williamson L.G, Chuzimir S.F, Winick M.P (1973) Children’s
Television Commercials: A Content Analysis. New York N Y: Praeger.
330
519. Wober (1988) TV and What to be: Children’s Viewing and Occupational
Aspirations, Independent Broadcasting Authority, London, U.K.
520. Woodworth, R.S and D.G.Marquis (1947) Psychology, 5th Edition, Rine and
Holt, New York, USA.
521. World Summit on Media for Children (2001) Outlooks on Children and Media :
Child Rights, Media Trends, Media Research, Media Literacy, Child
Participation, Declarations, Nordicom, March 23-26, 2001,
522. Wright J.C and Huston A (1995) Effects of Educational Television Viewing of
Lower Income Preschoolers on Academic Skills, School Readiness and School
Adjustment One to Three Years Later, Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas.
523. Wright, J.C., Huston,A.C and Murphy, K.C. (1990) Family Television Use and
its Relations to Children’s Cognitive Skills and Social Behavior, In J.Bryant
(Ed), Television and the American Family, Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
524. Wright, J.C., Huston,A.C and Murphy, K.C. (1995) Occupational Portrayals on
Television: Children’s Role Schemata, Career Aspirations and Perceptions of
Reality, Child Development, 66 (6):1706-1718.
525. Wright, J.C., Huston,A.C and Murphy, K.C. (2001) The Relations of Early
Television Viewing to School Readiness and Vocabulary of Children from Low-
Income Families, The Early Window Project. Child Development, 72:1347-1366.
526. Yalcin S.S, (2002) Factors that Affect Television Viewing Time in Preschoo l
and Primary Schoolchildren, Pediatrics International, 44:622-627.
527. Yeghiazaryan, Zaruhi (1999) TV Violence Related Issues in Yerevan:
Assessment of Children's Exposure to Media Violence, American University of
Armenia, Public Health Department, USA.
528. Young B. (1990) Television Advertising and Children, Oxford, Clarendon,
Press.
529. Young B. (1998) Emulation, fears and Understanding: A Review of Recent
Research on Children and Television Advertising, London: Independent
Television Commission.
530. Zain, Ul Abideen and Farooq Waqas (2009) Advertising Message Processing
Amongst Urban Children: With Reference to TV Advertising in Pakistan, MPRA
Paper No. 22699, Islamabad, Pakistan, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/.
331
531. Zigler, Edward F and Matia Finn-Stevenson (1987) Child Development,
Children, Development and Social Issues, D.C.Health and Company, Lexington,
MA and Toronto.
532. Zimmerman, F.J. and Christakis D.A. (2005) Children’s Television Viewing
and Cognitive Outcomes: A Longitudinal Analysis of National Data, Arch
Pediatric Adolescent Med, 159(1):619-625.
533. Zimmerman, F.J., Christakis, D.A and Meltzoff, A.N. (2007) Associations
between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children Under Age 2
Years, Journal of Pediatrics, Fall, 1-3.
534. Zimmerman, F.J., Christakis, D. A., and Meltzoff, A.N. (2007) Television and
DVD/Video Viewing in Children Younger Than 2 Years, Archives of Pediatrics
and Adolescent Medicine, 161(5):473-479.
535. Zukerman D.M. and Zukerman B.S. (1985) Television’s Impact on Children,
Pediatrics, 75:233-240.
536. Zukerman, Singer and Singer (1980) Television Viewing, Children’s Reading
and Related Classroom Behavior, Journal of Communication, 30(1):166-173.
Top Related