Brock Bibliographical Teaching Handouts

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EARLY

SYRIAC WRITINGS

BARDAISAN

H.l.W.

Drijvers, The Book

of

the Laws

of

Countries: Dialogue

on

Fate (1965) [Syriac and

English

tr.]

II ;

Bardaisan of Edessa (1966). [Study

of

his teaching].

: r - . T ~ t l ( ' ; , ( O ' t , a

4 . I l 1 . ( J . r # ' ~ J EkJ1Jl. ( ( ~ 9

2 . ~

PSEUDO-MELITO,

Apology

English

tr.

in W. Cureton, Spicilegium Syriacum (1855), 41-51.

MARA bar SARAPION, Letter to his sol}

English

tr.

in

W.

Cureton, Spic. Syr. (1855), 70-76.

K.McVey,

A

fresh look

at

the Letter

of

Mara

bar

Sarapion to his son , V Symposium

Syriacum = Orientalia Christiana Analecta

236,

1990), 257-72.

MENANDER

Sentences

English tr. and introduction

by

T.Baarda, in

I.R.Charlesworth

(eel),

The

OT Pseudepigrapha

II (1985), 583-606.

ODES of SOLOMON

It

+

loH.Charlesworth,

The des of

Solomon (1973, 1977)0 [Syro

+

Eng .

tro]

)

t.e

C

..,. ~ r -

·

*

.A.Emerton,

in

H.F.D.Sparks

(ed),

The

Apocryphal

OT (1984),683-731.

[Engl.tr.]

(a;

f·J

*

M.Lattke, Die Oden Saiomos I (1979) [Syr. + German

tr.];

II (1979)

[ C ~ ~ f o r 9 ~ s e ] ;

III

~ 1 , r ,

~ (1986) [Annotated bibliography].

~

( J t w ~ . . i . - v M : . J t J : . ~ , q ~

')

::tf

M.Franzmann, The Odes

of

Solomon. An analysis

of

the r c a l structure and form (1991).

Studies:

1 . D a n i ~ l o u ,

in

Dictionnaire

de

1a

Bible, Supplement

6 (1960).

~

H.Chadwick, in Kyriakon: Festschrift

I.Quasten I

(1970). .

J.R.Charlesworth, in

his Iohn and Qumran (1972). ~

M.Petit, in Dietionnaire

de

Spiritualite

11

(1982) .

• , I . ~ _ . ".'.-; . D.E.Aune, in New Testament Studies 28 (1982).

___ _

. __ ";.J?;,,

.

. •.

0{;._i;li."':.

~ ; ~ ...

H.I.W.Drijvers, in his

East of

Antioch (1984).

M.Pierce, in Ephemerides Liturgicae

98 (1984).

ACTS

of THOMAS

A.F.J.Klijn,

The Acts

of Thomas

(1962). (English

tr.

+

commentary].

II , The

so-called Hymn

of

the Pearl , Vigiliae Christianae

14

(1960), 154-64.

H.Jonas,

The

Gnostic Religion (2nd

eel

1963),

ch.5.

H.Poirier,

L Hymne de

Ia

Perle des Actes de Thomas (1981).

" , L Hymne de la Perle et Ie Manicheisme .

,

in L.Cirillo (ed), Codex Manichaeus

Colonensis (1986), 235-48.

SYRIAC BIBLE

r

C. van Puyvelde, in Dictionnaire de la Bible,

S u ~ e m e n t

6(1960), 834-84.

A.

Vob'bus, Syriac versions, in Interpreter's Diet.

of

the Bible, Suppl. (1976), 848-54.

S P .

Brock

The

Bible in the Syriac

Tradition

(SEER Correspondence Course 1, 1989).

"

, Ancient

versions (Syriac), in Anchor Dictionary

of

the Bible 6 (1992), 794-9.

(OT) P.Dirksen,

The

OT

Peshitta', in

M-J.Mulder

(Ed),

Miqra (1988),255-97.

It ,

An Annotated Bibliography

of

the Peshitta

OT

(1989).

M. Weitzman, From Judaism to

Christianity: the Syriac

version of

the

Hebrew Bible', in

J.Lieu, I.North, T. Rajak

(eels), The Jews among Pagans

and

Christians . (1992), L47-73.

(NT) B.M.Metzger, The

Early

Versions of the NT (1977), ch. 1.

S . P . Brock, The resolution

of

the Philoxenian/Harklean

problem ,

in Essays in Honour

of

B.M.Metzger (1981), 325-43. .

W.Petersen, The Diatessaron', in Anchor Dictionary

of

Bible 2 (1992), 189-90.

I

f t : t h o . . - 1 - . r . : h n ~

..

. r . { ~ (V ). CM. ~ 24:>-; 1.314-



.,. ... .4

Y

,

.

. . .

.

EARLY SYRIAC CHRISTIANITY

L.W.Barnard, The origins and emergence

of

the church in Edessa during the first

two

centuries, Vigiliae Christianae

22

(1968), 161-75 .

W.Bauer, Orthodoxy and Heresy

in

Earliest Christianity (1934, ET Philadelphia 1971),

ch.l

S.J.Beggiani, Early Syriac

Theology

(Lanham,

1983)

" ,Introduction

to

Eastern Christian Spirituality: the Syriac Tradition (Scranton

l

1991)

S.P. Brock, Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity (Variorum

repro

1984)

" ,Studies in Syriac Christianity (Variorum repro 1992)

" , Eusebius

and

Syriac Christianity,

in

H.Attrldge and G.Hata (eds) , Eusebius,

Christianity

and

Iudaism (Detroit 1992), 212-34

t

Greek

and

Syriac

in

Late Antique Syria, in A.K.Bowman

and

O.Woolf

(ed8),

Literacy

and

Power

in

the ancient World (Cambridge 1994), 149-60

D. Bundy, Christianity in Syria, in Anchor Dictionary of the Bible 1 (1992), 970-79

F.C.Burkitt, Early Eastern Christianity

London 1904)

H.I.W. Drijvers,

East of

Antioch (Variorum

repro

1984)

n

History

and

Religion in Late Antique Syria (Variorum

repro

1994)

" Jews

and Christians at Edessa, Journal

of

Jewish

S.tudies

36 (1985), 88-102

"

Syrian

Christianity and Judaism, in I.Lieu, I.North and T.Rajak (eds), The Jews

among the Pagans

and

Christians in the Roman Empire (London 1992), 124-46

F.Millar, The Roman Near Bast (Cambridge Mass. 1993), 452-88

R.

Murray , Symbols

of

Church and Kingdom. A Study in Early Syriac Tradition

(Cambridge

1975)

t The features of the earliest Christian asceticism, in Christian Spirituality: Studies in

__

honour

of E.G. Rupp

(London 1975), 65-77

tr

The

characteristics

of

earliest Syriac Christianity, in N.Garsoian, T.Mathews and

R.Thomson (eds), East

of

Byzantium (Washington DC 1982), 3-16

J B.Segal, Edessa 'The Blessed City' (Oxford

1970)

" ,When

did

Christianity come

to Edessa 1

in B.C.Bloomfield

(ed),

Middles East Studies

and LibraIjes (London 1980),

179-91

M.Weitzman,

From

Judaism to Christianity: the Syriac version

of

the Hebrew Bible, in

Lieu, North

and

Rajak (eds), The Jews among the Pagans

and

Christians ..

London

1992), 147-73.

General introductions

to

Syriac Christianity:

S.P.Brock,

An

Introduction to Syriac Studies, in I.H.Eaton

(ed.),

Horizons

in

Semitic

Studies (Birmingham/Sheffield 1980),

1-33

M.Albert, in M.Albert and others, Christianismes orientaux (paris 1993), 297-372.



THE

ORIGINS

AND

CHARACTER OF EARLY SYRIAC CHRISTIANITY

(a) F.e.Burkitt Early Eastern Christianity (London 1904).

H.E.W.

Turner, Patterns of Christian Truth (London 1954), 39-46, 85-94.

J.C.L.Gibson, From Qumran to Edessa,

or

the Armaic speaking church before and after

AD 70, Annual

of

the Leeds University Oriental Society 5

1963/5), 24-39.

L

W.Barnard, The origins and emergence

of

the church in Edessa during the first two

centuries, Vigiliae Christianae 22 (1968), 161-175.

(b) W.Bauer, Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity (1934, Engl.tr. Philadelphia

1971), ch.l.

H.J.W.Drijvers, Facts

and

problems in early Syriac-speaking Christianity,

The

Second

Century

2

(1984),

157-175

(repr. in his East of Antioch (London 1984».

II Jews

and Christians at Edessa, Journal of Jewish Studies

36 (1985), 88-102.

ft Syrian Christianity

and

Judaism, in J.Lieu and others (eds), The Jews among the

Pagans and Christians in the Roman Empire (London, 1992), 124-146.

II

Early Syriac Christianity: some recent publications, Vigiliae Christianae SO (1996),

159-177.

(c) R.Murray, Symbols

of

Church and Kingdom.

A

Study in

Early

Syriac Tradition ,

(Cambridge 1975). .

firs

I c ~ f J

s

.Jj .lrl

J J

~ t f f c v e r ~

oot:l \

•

, The characteristics of the earliest Syriac christianity, in N.Garsoian and others, East

of Antioch (Washington

DC

1982), 3-16.

(d) D.Bundy, Christianity

in

Syria, Anchor Dictionary

of

the Bible 1 (1992), 970-979.

A.F.J.Klijn, Christianity

in

Edessa and

the

Gospel of Thomas, Novum Testamentum

14

(1972), 70-77.

J.B.Segal, Edessa,

The

Blessed City (Oxford 1970).

.

n

When did christianity come to Eclessa? in B.C.Bloomfield (ed.) , Middle East.. .._

1

Studies and Libraries (London 1980), 179-91.

_ (e) [Addai legend: Eusebius, Eccl.Hist. Lxiii; Teaching of Addai, ed./tr. G.Howard (1981)]

S.P.Brock, Eusebius

and

Syriac Christianity,

in

H.Attridge and

G.Hata

(eds), Eusebius,

. Christianity and Judaism (Detroit 1992), 212-234 (repr. in From Ephrem to Romanos

(Aldershot, 1999).

(f)

[Edessa icon and Turin Shroud]

A.Cameron, The Sceptic and the Shroud (London 1980) (Repr. in Continuity and Change

in 6th-century Byzantium (London 1982), ch.5 .

(g) [Evidence of Syriac Old Testament] .

S.P.Brock, The Peshitta Old Testament: between Judaism

and

Christianity, C r i s t i a n ~

nella Storia 19 (1998), 483-502.

- M.Weitzman, From Judaism to Christianity, in J.Lieu and others (eds), The Jews among

the Pagans n · Christians in the Roman Empire (London 1992), 147-173.

-

The Syriac Version of the Old Testament (Cambridge 1999), ch.5.

(b) [Inscriptions and three legal documents in Syriac, dated 240, 242 and 243]

S.P.Brock, Some new Syriac documents from the third century AD, Aram 3 (1991),259-

267.

H.J.W .

Drijvers

A

tomb for the life

of a

king: a recently discovered Edessene mosaic

with a portrait

of

king Abgar the Great, Le Museon 95 (1982),167-189 (cp J.B.Segal,

in Syria 60 (1983), 107-110).

H.J.W.Drijvers

and l.F.Healey

The

Old

Syriac Inscriptions of

Edessa

and Osrhoene

(Leiden 1999).

F.G.B.Mil lar, The Roman Near East (Cambridge Mass, 1993), 452-488.



·

SYRlAC BffiLB

A.EDmONS

(1)

Entire

Bible

(Peshitta)

G.Sionita (paris Polyglot,

1645)

B.Walton (London Polyglot,

1657)

S.Lee (1 23) > United

Bible Societies

(1979, +

Apocrypha)

Urmia edition

(1852) >

Joseph

de Qelayta/Trinitarian

Bible

Society

(1913)

Mosul

edition

(1887-92) > Beirut (1951) [see Vost6, in Studi e Testi

121

(1946)].

(2)

Old

Testament

a)

Peshitta

Leiden Peshitta Project: Sample Edition [Cant, .Tobit,

IV Ezra]

(1966).

Vetus Testamentum

Syriace 1.1,

Gen.-Exod.(1977).

1.2 II.1b, Lev., Deut.., Josh.

(1991).

II. la Job (1982).

II.2, Judges, Sam. (1978).

11.4, Kings

(1976).

III. 1

Isaiah (1987).

II.3 Psalms (1980).

11.5, Prov.

Wis., Qoh., Cant. (1979).

III.3, Ezekiel (1985).

111.4,

XII

Proph.

Dan. (1980).

~ V . 3 ,

Apoc.Bar.,

IV

Ezra (1973). IV.6, Odes, Apocr.Pss, Pss.Sol.,

Tob.

TV.2

~ ~

e ; , 9 ~ ) 1(3) Ezra (1972).

Other

critical

editions:

Pentateuch (W. Barnes

1914).

Psalms

(W. Barnes, 1904).

Lamentations (B.Albrektson, 1963).

Wisdom

of

Solomon (I.A.Emerton, 1959).

Apocrypha (P. de Lagarie 1861).

(b) Syro-Hexapla .. , .. . . <....,.11·. . : M f t _ ~ p ' < ~ I ~ ~ ~

_ ..._ ~ ~ · · · • , = . - ~ . . . - -

A.Ceriani, Codex Syro-Hexaplaris .. (1874). - · -

P. de Lagarde, Bibliothecae

Syriacae.,

.(1892).

W.Baars, New Syro-Hexaplaric Texts (1968).

A.Voobus, The Pentateuch

in

the

Version

of the

Syro-Hexapla . (CSCO

Subs.45

1975).

A.

Voobus, The

Book

of

Isaiah

in the Version

of

the

Syro-Hexapla .

(CSCO Subs.68,

1983). .

(c)

Syro-Lucianic /Philoxenian

A. Ceriani, in Monumenta

Sacra et Profana

5 (1875). [For this

version,

see

R.G.Jenkins,

The

OT Quotations

of

Philoxenus

(CSCO

Subs.84; 1989)].

(d)

Jacob

of Edessa

(for

texts,

see

W.Baars in Vetus Testamentum

18 (1968),

548-54;

edition

of

Samuel

by

A.Salvesen,

forthcoming

Leiden

199,<.?».

(e) Christian Palestinian

Aramaic

M.H.Goshen-Gottstein,

The

Bible

in the

Syro-Palestinian Version,

I

(Jerusalem,

1973).

C , ~ ~ , - k e s : s t s . . . , . ~ 1 4 SckdGH ACt. -tJl-...A

~

erA

( ~ Y 7 . 1 ~ e M ') J7)

(2) New Testament -

(a) Diatessaron (excerpted from Ephrem s Commentary (ed.Leloir, 1963):

I.Ortiz de

Urbina,

Vetus Evangelium Syrorum; Diatessaron

Tatiani

(Madrid, 1967).

[cp review by R.Murray, Heythrop Journal 10 (1969), 43f].

(b) Old Syriac,

Peshitta

and Harklean

Gospels, Comparative Edition

by

G.Kiraz

. . (Leiden

1996»

4- VdCs.

(c) Old

Synac

F.C.Burkitt, Evangelion da-Mepharreshe I-II (Cambridge, 1904) - based

on

C (a



/

/

further folio of the Curetonian with Luke 16 is published by D.McConaughy

in Biblica 68 (1987), 85-8). .

A.S.Lewis, The Old Syriac Gospels (London, 1910) - based on S.

For early quotations: cp

I

Ortiz de Urbina (above, (a»; for quotations from Acts and

Epistles, see J.Kerchensteiner, Der altsyrische Paulustext (CSCO 315, 1970), and in

Biblica 45 (1964), 63-74.

(d) Peshitta

Whole

NT:

- British and Foreign Bible Society (London, 1920 and reprints).

- United Bible Society (1979 edn: NT from

Lee

(1823); 1988- reprints:

NT

from BFBS edition).

- The Aramaic New Testament (The Way International, New Knoxville,

1983).

Gospels: Pusey and Gwilliam, Tetraevangelium Syiiacum

(1901).

\I

Epistles: B.Aland and A. Juckel, Das Neue Testament

in

syrischer Uberlieferung, I

(Berlin, 1986)

[=

Catholic Epistles];

11.1 (1991)

[=Romans,

I C o r ' ] i : r r · ~ ( { 9 ~ .

(e)

Philoxenian

Catholic Epistles (,Pococke Epistles'): J.Gwynn, Remnants

of

Later Syriac Versions

(1909).

Apocalypse ('Crawford Apocalypse'): J.Gwynn, (1897).

(f)

Harklean

Whole

NT:

J. White , Sacrorum Evangeliorum versio Syriaca Philoxeniana . (Oxford

1778); Actuum Apostolorum et Epistolarum .. . versio Syriaca Philoxeniana (Oxford

1799/1803 .

Epistles: B.Aland and A.Juckel, Das

NT

in syrischer Uberlieferung [see under (c)].

Apocalypse:

A. Voobus, The

Apocalypse

in the Harklean

Version

(CSCO Subs 56,

1978)

(f) Christian Palestinian Aramaic --_.- .. - ..

.---

- -.-..

A.Lewis and M.Gibson, The Palestinian Syriac Lectionary

of

the Gospels (1899).

For other texts see list - now incomplete - in F. Schultess, Lexicon Syropalestinum

(1903); also C.Perrot in Revue Biblique 70

(1963)}

506-55.

J

C M ~ - K e ~ ~ ~ 1 -

MSokoltff ~ ~

r CPA

l ~ ~ ' f ~ ( 9 ' ~ ; " i l ~ IrA

J lD1

(4) Translations

of

Peshitta (none very reliable )

G.M.Lamsa (philadelphia,

1957;

London, 1961)

J.Murdock (NT; Boston/London,

1851)

A.Oliver (Pss; Boston, 1861)

W.Norton (NT Epp.; London, 1890).

Good Engl.

translation of Old Syriac Gospels by F.C.Burkitt (see

(3)

(b) above).

B. STUDIES

1)

General surveys,

aT and

NT

.

B.Aland

and

S.P.Brock,

in

Theologische Realenzyklopadie 6 (1980), 181-96.

S.P.Brock, in

Anchor Dictionary

of

the Bible

6 (1992),

794-9.

.

" The Bible in the Syriac Tradition

(SEERI

Correspondence Course

1,

Kottayam

1989).

e.van

Puyvelde,

in

Dictionnaire de la Bible, Supplement 6 (1960), 834-84.

A. Voobus,

in

Interpreter's Dictionary

of

the Bible, Supplementary voI.(1976), 848-54.

M I ( ~ ~ " ' ~ C . k / ~ J I < Y - l A l t y f t { e J ) ~ I ~ ~ ~ . h ' t hR B l ~ ( f h . r . 1 f , ' - t t J / y ~ ~ f y ~ "9 i)

(2) Old

Testament

W.Barnes,

On

the influence of the LXX

on

the Peshitta, JTS 2 (1901),

I.Bloch, The influence

of

the

ireek

Bible

on

the Peshitta, AJSL 36

(1919/20)



3

S r ~ nlc N ; \ J h . ' ~ ~ - ' : 1 : u ~ J ' \ A J ' ' ' ' ' I I r 1 ' \ I'V\.J C 1 . w t · r n ~ ~ ;

Cn S1-t An.(;tMO

L - \ . e . u ~ ~ ~ ~ '(9 ( I9J)

4 t l - j . ~ ~

,The authorship of the Peshitta, AJSL 35 1918/9)

.

,Printed

editions of the Peshitta, AJSL 37

1920/1)

S.P.Brock, Jewish traditions in Syriac sources, JIS 30 (1979)j Ir

'./eJtJ\(,· .

P\ 7A w.. .;.. ?

..

TJJ

it'

J.Cook, Recent developments in Peshitta research, JO\:lroal of Northwest Semitic Languages e?,

15 '(1989)

Interpreting the Peshitta.. A survey of recent publications, Journal of Northwest Semitic

Languages 17 (1991)

P. Dirksen, The OT Peshitta, in M.J.Mulder (Ed), Miqra (1988), 255-97

P.Dirksen and M.Mulder (eds), The Peshitta: its early text and history (Leiden 1988).

P.Dirksen and A. van der Kooij (eels), The Peshitta as a Translation (Leiden 1995)

J . A.Emerton Unclean birds and the origin of the Peshitta, JSS 7 (1962)

A.Gelston, The Peshitta

of

the XII Prophets (1987)

M.

Goshen-Gottstein , Prolegomena to a critical edition of the Peshitta, Scripta

Hierosolymitana 8 (1961)

II ,review of Voobus, Peschitta und Targumim, in JSS

6

(1961)

L.Haefeli Die

Peschitta des

AT

·(Alttest.Abh.

11,1;

1927)

S.Isenberg, On the Jewish Palestinian origins of the Peshitta to the Pentateuch, JBL 90

(1971)

M.D.Koster, The Peshitta of Exodus (1977), parts I.c and VI

II

,The

Peshitta revisited, A reassessment of its value as a version, JSS 38 (1993)

D.Lane, The Peshitta of Leviticus (1994)

Y.Maori, The Peshitta version of the Pentateuch (Hebrew] (1975).

I.Perles, Meletemata Peschitoniana (1859)

J.Pinkerton, Origin and

early

history of the Syriac Pentateuch, JTS 15 (1914)

H.M.Szpek, Translation technique in the Peshitta to Job (1992)

R.A.Taylor, The Peshitta

of

Daniel (1994) _ . _ , ~ , ,

~ " J i . 6 l ' W f

.utnnWB&titM d , r sma-

A. Vodbus, Peschitta und Targumim des Pentateuchs (1958)

M.Weitzman, From Judaism to Christianity. The Syriac version

of

the Hebrew Bible, in

J.Lieu, J.North and T.Rajak (eds),

The

Jews among Pagans and Christians in the

Roman Empire (1992), 147-73

,Peshitta,

LXX

and Targum, in P.Dirksen and A.van der Kooij (eds), The Peshitta as

a Translation l ~ - 8 4

, in

M. Geller and

C)

(eds), Studia Aramaica (199·») 1 1 -

. Wernberg-M911er, in Studia Theologica

15

(1961)

, Prolegomena to a reexamination of the Pal. Targ. fragments ...and their relationship to

the Peshitta, JSS 7 (1962)

t , Some scribal and linguistic features of the Genesis part of the oldest Peshitta ms (BM

Add. 14425), JSS 13 (1968)

,

W e b.;.,.

......

,'"TI.t

'1

'''L

V8\'I ;..,. t

h

Oil ~ . r f - e . . I . \ . P ..., .h

a....

I

c

h'OV\ f. ~ t 1'99)

(3) New Testament

.Black, The.Syriac versional evidence, in K.Aland (ed), Die alten Ubersetzungen des NT

(1972), 120-59 .,

T.Baarda, Essays on the Diatessaron

(1994)

,The Syriac versions of the NT, in B.D,Ehrman and M.W.Holmes (eds), The Text of

the NT in Contemporary Research (1995), 97-112

M-E.Boismard,

Le

Diatessaron;de Tatien Justin (1992)

S.P.Brock, The resolution of the Philoxenian/Harklean problem, in Essays in Honour of

B.M.Metzger (1981)

U ,The lost Old Syriac at Luke

1:35

and the earliest Syriac terms for the incarnation, in



.0;..

4-

~ 7 ' ' ' ' G o s t e ~ ) ~ fy '''c.

~

~ l'+..sl.,/fx

~

. ; . . ~ £

Venfh lJ

1- M ~ ( ( 9 9 J ·

::fP Lyl1 V\$,

~ ~ V 1 1 \ C

4 P J ~

h ~ . r l e v t Q » t J '

csc.o s ~ , f i ~ ~ . 9 4 - )

W.Petersen (ed.), Gospel Traditions in the Second Century (1989), 117-31

F.C.Burkitt, Early Eastern Christianity (1904), ch.2

J.Joosten, West Aramaic elements in the Old Syriac and Peshitta Gospels, JBL 110

(1991)211- '1

B.M.Metzger, The Early Versions

of

the NT (1977), ch.l

W.Petersen, Tatian' s Diatessaron. Its creation, dissemination, significance and history

in

scholarship (Supp1.25 to Vigiliae Christianae, 1994)

,Diatessaron, in Anchor Dictionary of the Bible 2 (1992), 189-90

A. Vooous, Studies in the History of the Gospel Text in Syriac, I-II (CSCO Subs.

3,

79;

1951, 1987)

, Early

Versions

of

the NT (1954)

C. TOOLS

mss: List of OT Peshitta Manuscripts (peshitta Institute, Leiden, 1961)

J.T. Clemons, An index of Syriac manuscripts containing the Epistles

and

Apocalypse

(Studies and Documents 33, 1968)

early editions: E. Nestle, Syciac Grammar with bibliography

..

(1889),

1 7 ~ 3 0 (of

bibliogr.)

concordances:

(a)

OT

~

r.

B u ~

4 , ; ~

O T / ~

S t ~ ~ c ~

~ G . v Y 7 J ~ ~ 1

? ~ - . ( ,

W+Y\.

l,9C7)

R.Smend, Griech.-Syr.-Hebr. Index zur Weisheit des Jesus Sirach (1907)

N.Sprenger, Konkordanz zum syrischem Psalter (1976)

, W.Strothmann, Konkordanz zur syr. Bibel. Der Pentateuch (1986);

Die

Propheten

(1984), 4 vols each

j j ) 1 ~

f \ I I a . ~ h <

( l ~ 9 5 ) )

6

vrl.s ·

f

,Konkordanz

des syr. Koheletbuches (1973)

,Wortverzeichnis dec apokryphen -deuterokanonischen Schriften des AT (1988)

L.Techen, Syr.-hebr. Glossar zu den Psalmen nach der

Pe.,

ZAW 17 (1987)

M.Winter, A Concordance to the Peshitta Version of Ben Sira (1976) . ~ ~ ~ ~ e = :

~ ~ ~ . d

(b)

NT

Anon., The Concordance to the Peshitta Version

of

the Aramaic NT (1985) [In fact,

J a word list, not a concordance]

G.Kiraz, A Computer-Generated Concordance to the Syriac New Testament (1993),

6 vols

dictionaries:

T.Falla, A

Key to the Peshitta Gospels,

I

alaph to dalath (Leiden 1991)

~ W.Jennings, Lexicon to the Syriac NT (1926) . .

C.Schaaf, Lexicon ~ y r i a c u m c o n ~ a n t i a l e (Leiden 1709)

bibliography:

S.P.Brock, C.T.Fritsch and S.Jellicoe,

A

Classified Bibliography of the Septuagint

(1973), 189-94 [OT books translated

from

Greek; i.e. Apocrypha,

Syrohexapla, Jacob

of

Edessa and CPA]

P.B.Dirksen, An Annotated Bibliography

of

the Peshitta OT (1989) [supplement in

P.Dirksen and A.van der Kooij, The Peshitta as a Translation (1995),221-36]

C.Dogniez, Bibliography of the Septuagint 1970-1993 (1995), 303=306 [tr. from

Greek] .

[See also C.Moss, Catalogue

of

Syriac printed books and related literature in the

British Museum (1962), and the bibliographies of Syriac studies in Parole de

l'Orient 4 (1973), 10 (1981/2), 14 (1987),'

I

17 (1992), 23 (l S).



SYRIAC HISTORIOGRAPHY

A. Main West Syriac Chronicles

(1) Ps-Zacharias Rhetor: Ecclesiastical History.

Text: B.W.Brooks,

CSCO

83-4/38-39 (replaces Land, Anecdota Syriaca 3).

LT: Brooks, CSCO

87 88/41 2.

ET: F.J.Hamilton and B.W.Brooks, 1899.

Study: E.Honigmann, Patristic Studies (SeT 173, 1952), 194-204.

(2) John

of

Ephesus: Ecclesiastical History.

Text: E. W .Brooks

CSCO 105154 =

Part

nl;

Fragments

of

Parts I-II: CSCO

104/53 .

LT: Brooks,

CSCO

106/55

=

Part

III; Fragments

of

Parts I-II: cp J-B.Chabot in

ROC 2; much

of

Part n is preserved in Ps.Dionysius - see (3».

ET: R.Payne Smith, 1860

(part

Ill).

GT: J.M.Sch6nfelder, 1862.

Study: I.van Ginkel, diss.Groningen 1995.

(3) Ps.Dionysius: Chronicle ( Zuqnin Chronicle )

Text: J-B.Chabot, CSCO 91/43 and

104/53.

LT of

voLI: Chabot, CSCO 121/66.

r

of vol.Il: R.Hespel, CSCO 507/213.

{

ET

of

vol.

I,

pp.235-317 ( Joshua the Stylite ): W.

Wright ,

1882;

I.Watt ~

r Ll

(forthcoming

in

TTH).

' iT:

W ~ ( ~ ~ 7 '

f

of

vol.l, pp.235-317: P.Martin, 1876. :;1000

ET

of val. II

pp. 2

- I ~ S (mostly derived from Iohn

of

Ephesus, Book II):

W.Witakowksi, Liverpool

1 9 ~ ' ) f ~ ~ t r ~ g,)

.

ET of vo1.II, pp.147-60: A.N.Palmer, The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian

Chronicles [=SCWSC] (1993), 53-70.

Fr

of vol.II, pp.145-376: Chabot, 1895.

ET

of

vol.

II: A Harrak

~ o r a ~

91)

Studies: W.Witakowski, The Syriac Chronicle of Pseud o-Dionysius (Uppsala 1987).

A.N.Palmer, Who wrote the Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite, in Festgabe

. fur J.Assfalg (1990), 272-84.

W.Witakowsld, The sources of Ps-Dionysius for the Third Part of his r

Chronicle, OrientaIia Suecana

40 (1991),252-75.

f

( 2 1 t ~ ~ ~ , tt SMrel., LR J ~

M.

Whitby,

The

era of Philip and the Chronicle of Zuqnin, Classica et

I t ~ )

18 -lto

Mediaevalia 43 (1992), t79-8S.

(4) Dionysius

of

TellmalJre: Ecclesiastical and Secular History

Text

(fragment only): Brooks, CSCO 84/39, pp.219-24.

LT: Brooks, CSCO

88/42.

ET

(reconstruction, on basis of (5) and (6), of material on 7th century): A.N.Palmer,

SCWSC, pp.85-221.

Study: R.Abramowski, Dionysius von Tellmahre, 1940.

(5)

Michael the

Great:

Chronicle.

Text and Fr: J-B.Chabot, 1899-1910.

Bibliography:

W.Hage, TRE

22 (1992), 710-12.

~ CJ k c

" ~ c . ~ _ ~ _

~ : ( ~ C ~ )

(6) Anonymous: Chronicle ad annum 1234.

Text: Chabot, CSCO

81/36

and

82/37.

LT

of

vol.l: Chabot,

CSCO

109/56.

f

of

vol. II: A.Abouna and J-M.Fiey,

CSCO 354/144

(inci. index).

(7) Barhebraeus: Chronicle.



- __ -

Text: P.Bedjan, 1890; Bar Hebraeus Verlag, 1987.

Text and ET: E.A.W.Budge, 1932.

Study: S.R.Todt,

Der

Islam

65

(1986), 60-80 [compares his Syriac and Arabic

chronicles] .

(8) Barhebraeus: Ecclesiastical History.

Text

and

LT: J.B.Abbeloos

and

T.J.Lamy, 1872-7.

Bibliography on Bar Hebraeus: J-M.Fiey, Parole de l Orient 13 (1986), 279-312.

B. Shorter West Syriac Chronicles

(9) Chronicle of Edessa

Text and LT: I.Guidi, Chronica Minora I, CSCO )/1 and 2/2.

Text and GT: L.Hallier,

TuU

9,1 (1892).

ET: B.H.Cowper, Journal

of

Sacred Literature 5 (1865), 28-45.

Study: W.Witakowski, Chronicles of Edessa, Orientalia Suecana 33/5 1984/6),487-

98.

10) Maronite Chronicle

Text

and

LT: Brooks,

Chronica Minora II,

CSCO 3/3 and 4/4

ET

of

pp.69-74: Palmer,

SCWSC,

pp.29-35.

GT: T.N81deke,

ZDMG

29 (1875), 82-98 (with commentary).

Ff; F.Nau, ROC 4 (1899), 322-8.

(11) Jacob of Edessa, Chronicle

Text

and LT

(fragments only): Brooks, Chronica

Minora ill, CSCO

5 5 and

6/6

ET: Brooks,

ZDMG

53 (1899), 261-327, and 54 (1900), 100-102.

ET of pp.324-7: Palmer, SCWSC, pp.36-42.

12) Anonymous fragments in Berlin, Sachau 315 (on

AD

501-6, 763-4).

Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora

fi,

CSCO 5 5 and

6/6

(13) Chronicle

of

disasters 712-716.

Text and

Ff

Nau, Journal Asiatique XI.S (1915), pp.253-6, 264-7.

ET: Palmer, SCWSC, pp.45-8.

(14) Chronicle ad annum 724.

Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora II, pp.76-155, CSCO 3/3 and 4/4.

ET

of pp.138-154, 155: Palmer, SCWSC, pp.5-24, 49-50.

Study: Palmer, in P.Canivet

and

J-P.Rey-Coquais,

La

Syrie

de

Byzance

l Islam

(Damascus 1992), 31-46.


Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora ill, pp.337-49, CSCO 5 5

and

6/6.

ET

of

p.348:

Palmer

SCWSC, pp.51-2.

(16)

Chronicle ad annum 813.

Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora

Ill,

CSCO 5/5 and 6/6.

ET: Brooks,

ZDMG

54 (1900), 195-230.

11)

Chronicle

d

annum 819.

Text: E.Barsaum,

CSCO

81136

LT: Chabot, CSCO

109156

ET

of

pp.lO-15: Palmer, SCWSC, pp.75-80.


Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora II, CSCO 3/3 and 4/4.

ET: Brooks,

ZDMG

51 (1897)t 569-88.

ET

of

pp.230-32: Palmer SCWSC, pp.80-84.

C. East Syriac Chronicles



(19) Fragment in Vatican Syriac 179.

Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora II, CSCO 3/3 and 4/4

(20) Barhadbehabba 'Arbaya: Ecclesiastical History.

Text and

Ff

Nau,

PO

9 (part II), and PO 23 (Part I).

21)

Chronicle of Arbela.

Text and FT: A.Mingana, Sources syriaques I (1907).

Text and GT: P.Kawerau, CSCO 467/199 and 468/200

LT: F.Zorell, Orientalia Christiana 8 (1927), 144-204.

GT: E.Sachau, Die Chronik von Arbela, AbhKgIPreussAkWiss 1915, phil.-hist.Kl.

nr 6.

Studies: P.Peeters, Analecta Bollandiana 43 (1925), 263- ; I. Ortiz de Urbina, OCP

2 (1936), 5-33; J.Assfalg, Oriens Christianus 50 (1966), 19-36; J-M.Fiey,

L'Orient Syrien 12 (1967),265-302; W. Hage, The Harp

1:2/3

(1988),39-46.

(22) Anonymous Chronicle CGuidi s

ChroniclelKhuzistan Chronicle').

Text and

LT I.Guidi,

Chronica 1\.finora I, CSCO 111 and

2/2

Text and Arabic Tr: P.Haddad (Baghdad 1976).

GT: N<lldeke, SbAkWissWien B.128 (1893),

with

commentary.

ET: S.P.Brock (forthcoming).

Study: P.Nautin,

RHR

(1982), 303-14 [suggests Elia of Merv as author].

(23) John of Phenek, Rish Melle.

Text and

FT

of Book

XV:

Mingana, Sources syriaques I (1907).

ET of Book XV: Brock,

in

Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 9 (1987), 51-75,

repro

in Studies in Syriac Christianity 1 9 9 2 ) , ~ J [ .

(24) Elijah of Nisibis: Opus chronologicum.

Text and LT: Brooks and Chabot, CSCO 62/21-22 and 63/23-24.

Ff

L.Delaporte, 1910.

GT (excerpts): F.Baethgen, 1884.

D. East Syrian sources in Arabic (inel. translations of lost Syriac originals).

(25) Chronicle of Seert.

Text and Ff A.Scher, PO 4, 5 7, 13.

Index to Part I:

PO 5,

pp.335-42.

Index to Part II: Fiey, in MUSJ 42 (1966), 201-18.

Studies: P.Nautin, RHR 186 (1974), 113-26 [Isho'dnal) as possible author]; J

M.Fiey, Parole de {,Orient

6/7

1975/6,

449-59

[on Nautin's suggestion];

L.Sako, Parole

de

POrient 14 (1987), 155-66 [on sources].

(26) Marl,

Amr

and Sliba, De patriarchis nestorianorum commentaria.

Text and LT: H. Gismondi, 1896-9.

E. Melkite

(27) Short Melkite Chronicle.

I

Text and Ff A.de Halleux, Le Museon 91 (1978), 5-44.

F. Seventh-century Apocalyptic literature

(28) Ps.Methodius

Text and GT: G.Reinink, CSCO

540/220

and 5411221 (1993), with bibliography.

[Replaces earlier edition by Suermann (1985)].

Text and ET: F.J.Martinez,

diss. Catholic Univ. Washington (1985).

Text and GT: H.Suermann, Die geschichtstheologische Reaktion ... (1985).



tf

....

.

ET: P.Alexander, The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition (Berkeley 1985), 36-5l.

ET of excerpt on seventh century: Brock, in Palmer, SCWSC, 222-42 (with

bibliography)

(29) Edessene fragment.

Text and FT: Nau, Iournal Asiatique XI.9 (1917), 415-71.

Text and ET: Martinez [see (28)], 206-46.

Text and GT: Suermann [see (28)], 86-97.

Studies: G.Reinink, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 83 (1990), 31-45; and in A.Cameron

and L.I.Conrad (OOs), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, I Problems

in the Literary Source Material (Princeton 1992), 149-88.

(3) Gospel

of

the Twelve

Apostles.

Text and ET: J . Rendall Harris

19l) ).

Study: H.J.W.Dri jvers, in A.Cameron and L.I.Conrad

(ed5)

, The Byzantine and

Early Islamic Mear East,

I

. , 189-213.

G. Some secondary literature

on

chronicles in genel ..

F.Haase, Altchristliche Kirchengeschichte nach orientalischen Quellen (1925).

J.B.Segal,

Syriac chronicles

as

source

material for

the

history of

Islamic peoples,

in

B.Lewis and P.M.Holt (eds), Historians of the Middle East (1962), 246-58.

N.Pigulevskaya, Theophanes' Chronographia and the Syriac Chronicles, Jahrbuch der

Osterr. Byz. Ges.

16

(1967), 55-60.

I.Ortiz de Urbina, Patrologia Syriaca (2nd

ed.

1965), 206-12, 220-23.

E. Degen, Daniel bar Maryam. Bin nestorianische Kirchenhistoriker, OC 52 (1968),

45-80. Cp also in ZDMG Suppl.l (1969),511-16.

A.S.Proudfoot, The sources

of

Tbeophanes for theHeraclian dynasty, Byzantion 44

(1974), 367-439.

S.P

Brock,

Syriac sources for seventh-century history Byzantine and Modem

Greek

Studies 2 (1976), 17-36

[repro

in Syriac

Perspectives

on

Late

Antiquity

(1984),

chI VIl]

id., Syriac historical writing: a survey of the main sources, Journal of the Iraqi

Academy (Syriac Corporation) 5 1979/80),297-326 [repro in Studies in Syriac

Christianity (1992), chI ]

]-M.Fiey, Les

chroniqueurs syriaques avaient-ils le sens critique?, Parole de

l'Orient

12 (1984/5), 253-64.

W.Witakowski, Malalas in Syriac, in E.-Jeffreys and others (eels), Studies in Malalas

(Sydney 1990), 299-310.

P

Nagel , Grundzuge

syrischer

Oeschichtsschreibung,

Berliner

Byzantinische Arbeiten

55 (1990), 245-59.

L.Conrad, Syriac perspectives on Bilad aI-Sham during the Abbasid period, in

M.A.AI-Bakhit and R.Schick (eds), Bilad aI-Sham during the Abbasid Period.

Proceedings .5th International Conference (Amman 1991), 1-44.

R.Hoyland, Arabic, Syriac and Greek historiography in the

rust

Abbasid century.

An inquiry into inter-cultural traffic, Aram 3 (1991), 211-33.

D.Olster, Syriac sources, Greek sources. and

Theophanes'

lost year, Byzantinische

Forschungen 19 (1993), 215-28.

L. Conrad, The conquest of Arwad: a source-critica1 study in the historiography of the

early medieval

Near East, in A.Cameron and L.Conrad

(eds),

The Byzantien

and Early Islamic Near East, . Problems in the Literary Source Material

p r i n c ~ t o n

1992), 317-401.

./La/ ,l

~ ; a : l s

~ h I

afo

tHit'j

w

~ : . .



. • . •

_••.

.

C·

.

...

i ... .

.

w.

W,tc.kows , C ~ H - f d t l

J £J.u A O r I ~ f A l ~

W l ~

~ t ; (-,ar,/i,),

'+



SYRIAC HISTORICAL

WRITING

A. Main West Syriac Chronicles

B. Shorter West Syriac Chronicles

C. East Syriac Chronicles

D. East Syriac Sources in Arabic tr. from Syriac)

E.

Melkite Chronicle

F. Seventh-century apocalyptic literature

G. Monastic histories

H. Secondary literature on Syriac chronicles in general

A. Main West Syriac

Chronicles

(1) Ps.-Zacharias Rhetor: Ecclesiastical History. (6th cent.; also includes Joseph and

Aseneth, 7 Sleepers

of

Ephesus, Silvester and baptism of Constantine)

Text: E.W. Brooks , CSCO 83-4/38-39 (replaces Land, Anecdota Syriaca 3).

LT:

Brooks,

CSCO 87 88/41 2.

ET:

FJ.Hamilton

and B.W.Brooks, 1899.

Study: E.Honigmann, Patristic Studies (SeT 173, 1952), 194-204.

(2) John of Ephesus: Ecclesiastical History. (6th cent.)

Text: B.W. Brooks CSCO 105154

=

Part III; Fragments

of

Parts I-II: CSCO

104/53 .

LT: Brooks, CSCO

106/55

= Part III; Fragments

of

Parts I-II: cp J-B.Chabot in

ROC 2; much of Part II is preserved in Ps.Dionysius - see (3».

ET: R.Payne Smith,

1860

(Part III). J. van Ginkel in preparation, Part Ill).

GT: J.M.Schonfelder, 1862.

Study: J.

van

Ginkel, diss.Groningen 1995.

(3) Ps.-Dionysius of Tellmahre: Chronicle ( Zuqnin Chronicle ). 8th cent.

Text: J-B.Chabot, CSCO 91/43 and 104/53.

LT

of vol.l: Chabot, CSCO 121166.

FT of

vo1.Il: R.Hespel, CSCO

507/213

ET of vol. l, pp.235-317 ( Joshua the Stylite , AD 495-507): W.Wright, 1882;

J.Watt and F. Trombley, TIH 2000; German tr. A. Luther, 1997.

FT of vol.l, pp.235-317: P.Martin, 1876.

ET of vol.I1: A. Harrak, Toronto 1999.

ET

of

vol. II, pp.2-145 (mostly derived from John of Ephesus,. Book II):

W.Witakowksi, TTH 1995.

ET of vol. II, pp.147-60: A.N.Palmer, The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian

Chronicles

[=SCWSC]

(1993), 53-70.

f

of vol.lI, pp.145-376: Chabot, 1895.

Studies: W. Witakowski,

The

Syriac Chronicle of Pseudo-Dionysius (Uppsala 1987).

A.N.Palmer, Who wrote the Chronicle

of

Joshua the Stylite; in Festgabe

fur J.Assfalg (1990), 272-84.

J.W.Watt, Greek historiography and the Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite, in

After

Bardaisan. Studies in Honour of H.J.W.Driijvers (1999), 317-

27.

W.Witakowski, The sources

of

Ps-Dionysius for the Third Part of

his

Chronicle, Orientalia Suecana 40 (1991), 252-75.

f It The

sources of Ps-Dianysius

of

Tel-Mahre for the Second Part of

his Chronicle,

in

J.O.Rosenqvist

(ed.),

Leiman: Studies pres.

to

L.Ryde n

(1996),

181-210.



The

sources of Ps-Dionysius

of

Tel-Mahre for the Christian epoch

of

the first part

of

his Chronicle,

in

After Bardaisan. Studies in Honour

of H.J.W.Drijvers (1999), 329-66 .

.

M.

Whitby, The era

of

Philip

and

the Chronicle of Zuqnin, Classica et

Mediaevalia

43

(1992), 179-85.

4)

Dionysius

of

TeIlmahre:

Ecclesiastical

and

Secular History. 9th cent.

Text (fragment only): Brooks, CSCO 84/39 pp.219-24.

LT: Brooks, CSCO 88/42.

ET

(reconstruction, on basis

of 5) and (6), of materia]

on

7th century):

A.N.Palmer,

SCWSC, pp.85-221.

Study:

R.Abramowski, Dionysius von Tellmahre, 1940.

5)

Michael the Great:

Chronicle. 12th cent.

Text and FT: J-B.Chabot, 1899-1910j

,-e.f

h

, . ~ ) 63 .

Studies: M.Morony, Michael the Syrian as a source for economic history, Hugoye

3:2 (2000) [http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye].

J.

van

Ginkel, Making History: Michael the Syrian and his sixth-century .

sources, Symposium Syriacum VII (1998), 351-8.

D. Weltecke, The World Chronicle by Patriarch Michael the Great. Some

reflections, Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society 11:2 (1197), 6-

29.

,Originality and function of formal structures in the Chronicle

of

Michael

the Great, Hugoye 3:2 (2000).

Bibliography: W.Hage, TRE 22 (1992), 710-12.

(6) Anonymous: Chronicle ad annum 1234.

Text: Chabot,

CSCO

81/36

and 82/37

LT of vol.l: Chabot, CSCO 109156

FT of vol.lI: A.Abouna

and

J ~ M . F i e y CSCO 354/144 (incl. index).

(7)

Barhebraeus:

Chronicle.

Text: P.Bedjan, 1890; Bar 'Hebraeus Verlag, 1987.

Text nd ET: E A W.Budge, 1932.

Study: S.R.Todt, Der Islam

65

(1986), 60-80 [compares

his

Syljac and Arabic

chronicles] .

(8)

Barhebraeus:

Ecclesiastical History.

Text and LT: J.B.Abbeloos and T.J.Lamy, 1872-7.

Bibliography on Bar Hebraeus: J-M.Fiey, Parole de l'Orient 13 (1986), 279-312.

B. Shorter West Syriac Chronicles.

9) Chronicle of Edessa. 6th cent.

Text and LT: I.Guidi, Chronica Minora I, CSCO 111 and

2/2.

Text and

GT:

L.Hallier, TuU 9,1 (1892).

ET: B.H.Cowper, Journal of Sacred Literature 5 (1865), 28-45.

Study:

W.WitakowsIO, Chronicles of Edessa, Orientalia Suecana 33/5

1984/6),487-

98.

(10) Maronite Chronicle .

Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora II, CSCO

3/3

and 4/4

ET

of

pp.69-74: Palmer,

SCWSC,

pp.29-35.

GT: T.Noldeke, ZDMG

29

(1875),

82-98 (with

commentary).

FT:

F.Nau,

ROC 4

(1899), 322-8.

(11) Jacob of Edessa (d.708), Chronicle

Text and LT (fragments only): Brooks, Chronica Minora lI l, CSCO 5/5 and 6/6.



-

.......... _. ..... -

ET: Brooks, ZOMG 53 (1899),261-327, and 54 (1900), 100-102.

ET of pp.324-7: Palmer, SCWSC, pp.36-42.

(12) Anonymous fragments

in

Berlin, Sachau 315 (on AD 501-6, 763-4).

Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora III, CSCO 5 5 and

6/6

(13) Chronicle of disasters 712-716.

Text and FT: Nau, lournal Asiatique XI.5 (1915), pp.253-6, 264-7.

ET: Palmer, SCWSC, pp.45-8.


Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica

Minora

II, pp.76-155, CSCO

3/3

and

4/4

ET of

pp.138-154,

1 55:

Palmer, SCWSC, pp.5-24, 49-50.

Study:

Palmer, in P.Canivet and J-P.Rey-Coquais,

La

Syrie

de

Byzance

a

l Islam

(Damascus 1992), 31-46.


Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora III, pp.337-49, CSCO 5/5 and 6/6.

ET

of p.348: Palmer SCWSC, pp.51-2.


Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora III, CSCO 5/5 and 6/6.

ET: Brooks, ZDMG

54

(1900), 195-230.

17) Chronicle ad annum 819.

Text: E.Barsaum, CSCO 81136

LT: Chabot, CSCO 109/56.

ET of pp.l0-15: Palmer, SCWSC, pp.75-80.

(18) Chronicle

ad

annum 846.

Text and LT: Brooks, Chronica Minora II, CSCO 3/3 and 4/4

ET: Brooks, ZDMG 51 (1897), 569-88.

ET of pp.230-32: Palmer SCWSC, pp.80-84.

C. ~ ~ y r i ~ w . ~ 1 1 O n i c l ~ ~ .

(19) Fragment in Vatican Syriac 179.

Text and LT: Brooks. Chronica Minora II, CSCO

3/3

and

4/4

(20)

Barhadbeshabba Arbaya:

Ecclesiastical History.

Text and FT: Nau, PO 9 (Part II), and PO 23 (Part I).

(21) Chronicle of Arbela.

Text and FT: A.Mingana, Sources syriaques

I

(1907).

Text

and GT: P.Kawerau, CSCO

467/199

and

468/200

LT: F.Zorell, Orientalia Christiana 8 (1927), 144-204.

GT: E.Sachau, Die Chronik von Arbela, AbhKgIPreussAkWiss 1915, phil.-hist.Kl.

nr

6.

Studies:

P.Peeters, Analecta

Bollandiana

4

1925),263-

;

I

Ortiz

de Urbina,

OCP

2 (1936), 5-33; J.Assfalg, Oriens Christianus 50 (1966), 19-36; J-M.Fiey,

L Orient Syrien

12

(1967),265-302; W. Hage,

The

Harp

1:2/3

(1988), 39-46.

(22) Anonymous Chronicle CGuidi s Chronicle/Khuzistan Chronicle ).

Text

and

LT: I.Guidi,

Chronica Minora

I,

CSCO and

2/2

Text and Arabic Tr: P.Haddad (Baghdad 1976).

GT: Noldeke, SbAkWissWien B.128 (1893), with commentary.

ET: S.P.Brock (forthcoming).

Study: P.Nautin,

RHR

(1982), 303-14 [suggests Elia of Merv as author].

(23) John

of

Phenek, Rish Melle.

Text and

FT

of Book XV: Mingana, Sources syriaques I (1907).

ET of

Book XV: Brock, in

Jerusalem

Studies in Arabic and Islam 9 (1987), 51-75,



_ ._ .

repro in Studies in Syriac Christianity (1992), ch.U.

(24) Elijah

of

Nisibis; Opus chronologicum.

Text and LT: Brooks and Chabot, CSCO 62/21 22 and 63/23-24.

FT: L.Delaporte, 1910.

GT

(excerpts): F.Baethgen, 1884.

D

. ~ t ~ J r i a c

sources

in

Arabic

(incl.

translations

of

lost Syriac originals).

(25) Chronicle

of

Seert.

Text and FT: A.Scher,

PO

4, 5 7 13.

Index to Part I: PO 5, pp.335-42.

Index to Part II: Fiey, in MUSJ 42 (1966), 201-18.

Studies: P.Nautin, RHR 186 (1974), 113-26 [Isho dnah as possible

author];

J

M.Fiey,

Parole de l Orient

6/7 197516,

449-59 [on

Nautin s

suggestion];

L.Sako, Parole de I Orient 14 (1987), 155-66 [on sources].

(26) Marl, Arnr and

Sliba,

De

patriarchis nestorianorum commentaria.

Text and LT: H.Gismondi, 1896-9. ,

B. Holmberg, A reconsideration of the Kitab al-Magdal, Parole de POrlent 18 (1993),

255-73.

E.

Melkite

(27) Short Melkite Chronicle.

Text and FT:

A.de

Halleux, Le Museon 91 (1978), 5-44.

F . s e . y ~ J 1 t h - c e n t u . . O - Apocalyptic

literature

(28) Ps. Methodius.

Text

and GT: G.Reinink, CSCO 540/220 and 5411221

(1993),

with bibliography.

[Replaces earlier edition by Suermann (1985)].

Text and ET: F.J.Mart inez, diss. Catholic Univ. Washington (1985).

Text and OT: H.Suermann, Die geschichtstheologische Reaktion ... (1985).

ET: P.Alexander,

The

Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition (Berkeley 1985), 36-51.

ET

of

excerpt on seventh century: Brock, in Palmer,

SCWSC,

222-42.

(29) Edessene fragment.

Text and FT: Nau, Journal Asiatique XI.9 (1917), 415-71.

Text and ET: Martinez [see

(28)],

206-46.

Text and GT: Suermann [see (28)], 86-97.

Studies: G.Reinink, Byzantinische Zeitschrift

83

(1990), 31-45; and in A.Cameron

and

L.I.Conrad

(eds), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, I Problems

in the Literary Source Material (princeton 1992),

149-88.

(30) Gospel

of

the Twelve Apostles.

Text and ET: I.Rendel Harris (1900).

Study: H.J.W.Drijvers, in A.Cameron and

L.I.Conrad

(eds) The Byzantine and

Early Islamic

Near

East, 1 .. , 189-2 13.

G. Monastic histories

(31) History

of

the monastery

of

Beth Qoqa. (early 9th cent. )

Text and Ff: A. Mingana, Sources syriaques (1907), 171-220 (text), 221-71 (tr).

(32) Isho dnah, Liber castitatis. (9th cent.)

Text

and

FT:

J.B. Chabot, Livre de

c h a s t e t ~

compose par Jesusdenah,

Melanges

d archeologie et d histoire 16 (1896), 1-79. Text also in

P.

Bedjan, Liber

superiorum (1901), 437-517.

(33) Thomas

of

Marga, Liber superiorum (9th cent.)

Text and ET: E.A.W. Budge, The Book

of

Governors (1893). . Text also in P.

Bedjan, Liber superiorum (1901).



G. Some secondary literature on chronic1es in general.

F.Haase, Altchristliche Kirchengeschichte nach orientalischen Quellen (1925).

J.B.Segal, Syriac chronicles as source material for the history of Islamic peoples, in

B.Lewis and P.M.Holt (eds), Historians of the Middle East (1962),246-58.

N . P i g u l ~ v s k a y a

Theophanes' Chronographia and the Syriac Chronicles, lahrbuch

der

Osterr.Byz.Ges. 16 (1967), 55-60.

1.0rtiz de Urbina, Patrologia Syriaca (2nd

ed.

1965), 206-12, 220-23.

E.Degen, Daniel bar Maryam. Ein nestorianische Kirchenhistoriker,

OC

52 (1968),

45-80. Cp also in ZDMG Supp1.1 (1969),

511-16.

A.S.Proudfoot, The sources of Theophanes for the Heraclian dynasty, Byzantion

44

(1974), 367-439.

S.P.Brock, Syriac sources for seventh-century history, Byzantine and Modern Greek

Studies 2 (1976), 17-36 [repro in Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity (1984),

ch.

VI ].

id.,

Syriac historical writing: a survey

of

the main sources, Journal

of

the Iraqi

Academy (Syriac Corporation) 5 1979/80), 297-326 [repro in Studies in Syriac

Christianity (1992), ch.l].

J-M.Fiey, Les chroniqueurs syriaques avaient-ils Ie sens critique?, Parole de l Orient

2 198415), 253-64.

W.Witakowski

t

Malalas in Syriac, in E.Jeffreys

and

others (eds), Studies in Malalas

(Sydney 1990), 299-310.

P.Nagel, Grundzuge syrischer Geschichtsschreibung, Berliner Byzantinische Arbeiten

55 (1990), 245-59.

L.Conrad, Syriac perspectives on Bilad aI-Sham during the Abbasid period, in

M.A.AI-Bakhit and R.Schick (eds), Bilad ai-Sham during the Abbasid Period.

Proceedings . 5th 'International Conference (Amman 1991), 1-44.

R.Hoyland, Arabic, Syriac and Greek historiography in the first Abbasid century.

An inquiry into inter-cultural traffic, Aram

3

(1991), 211-33.

D.Olster, Syciac sources, Greek sources and Theophanes' lost year, Byzantinische

Forschungen 19 (1993), 215-28.

L

Conrad,

The

conquest of Arwad: a source-critical study in the historiography of the

early medieval

Near

East, in A.Cameron and L.Conrad (eds), The Byzantien

and Early Islamic

Near

East, I Problems in

the

Literary Source Material

(Princeton 1992), 317-401. .

-* R. Hoyland, Seeling Islam

as

others

saw

t A Survey and Evaluation

of

Christian,

Jewish"and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam (Princeton, 1997).

W. Witakowski, L horizon goographique de l'historiographie syriaque: a p e r ~ u

preliminaire, in Des Sumeriens aux Romains d Orient. La perception

geographique du monde (paris 1997), 199-209.

M

Debie, Temps lineaire, temps circulaire: chronologie et histoire dans les

chroniques syriaques,

in

F. Briquel-Chatonnet and

H.

Lozachmeur (eds) ,

Proche orient

ancien. Temps vecu

temps pense (Paris 1998), 177-96.

"

,Record

keeping and chronicle writing in Antioch and Edessa, Aram

11112

1999/2000), 409-17.

W.Witakowski, The Chroncle

of

Eusebius:

ts

type and continuation in Syriac

historiography, Aram 2 (1999/2000), 419-37.

"

,Syriac

historical writing, in

S.P.

Brock,

D.G.K. Taylor

and W. Witakowski,

The Hidden Pear]: The Syrian Orthodox Church and its Ancient Aramaic

Heritage, III (Rome 2001), 167-94.



APHRAHAT

Syriac text (with Latin translation): Patro1ogia Syriaca 1-2. ( t W ~ M)

Partial English translations: J > e ~ 1 10;

1< .

ltt

teo-va. Vlc.LIJco..l, ¥ v . . t . . ~

~ ' O ' S · ~ 4 1 1 {

I

( 9t39)

.

Demonstrations 1, 5,

6,

8, 10, 17, 21, 22:

J.Gwynn,

Select Library

of

Nicene and

Post Nicene Fathers) 11.13 (1898).

Demonstrations 1 1 ~ ~ 1 5 9, 21, part

of

23:

J.Neusner,

Aphrahat

and

Judaism

(1971). ~ , ~

Demonstrations 2 and 7: Jo mal

of

the Society for Oriental Research 14 (1930) and

16 (1932).

Demonstration 4: in

S.P.Brock,

The Syriac Fathers on Prayer and

the

Spiritual Life

(1987).

French

translation: M.J.Pierre, Sources chr6tiennes 349, 359 (1988-9). (Includes extensive

introduction and bibliography).

German translation:

P.Bruns

(1991-2).

Studies.

I.Hausherr, in Dictionnaire de Spiritualitse.1, 346-52.

B.J.Duncan, Baptism in Aphraates (1945).

A.Vc>obus, Asceticism in the Syrian Orient I (1958). .

*

J.Neusner, Aphrahat and Judaism (1971).

t R.Murray, The exhortation to candidates for ascetical

vows

at baptism in the ancient Syrian

Church , New Testament Studies 21 (1974).

T.Jansma, Aphrahates Demonstration

Vn.18

and 20 , Parole de rOrient 5 (1974).

T.Baarda, Gospel Quotations

of

Aphrahat, I (1975).

R.

Murray Some

rhetorical patterns in

early

Syriac literature , in

A

Tribute

to

Arthur

vBdbus

(1977).

G.G.Blum, Afrahat,

in

Theologische Realenzyldopadie 1 (1977), 625-35.

R.J.Owens,

The

Genesis and Exodus citations of Aphrahat (1983).

R.Murray, Hellenistic-Jewish rhetoric in Aphrahat , III Symposium Syriacum

(Or. Christ. Analecta 221, 1983).

P.Bruns, Das Christusbild Aphrahats des Persischen Weisen (1990).

.Koltun-Fromm,

A

Jewish-Christian ~ o n v e r s t i o n i n fourth-century Persian Mesopotamia , f ~ )

Journal

of

Jewish Studies

47

(1996), 45-63.

Dem.4: (fire descends on sacrifice) S.P.Brock in Studia Patristica 5 (1993) 229-43.

Dem.6: (bnay qyomo

etc.)

G.Nedungatt in Orientalia Christiana Periodica 39 (1973), 191-

215,

419-44;

A. V6Cibus in

Studies

in

Church

History 30

(1961), 19-27;

S.Griffith

in

Eulogema: Studies in

Honor

of

R.

Taft

(Studia Anselmiana 110, 1993);

in The

Harp 4 (1991) 145-59; and in V.L.Wimbush and R.Valentasis, Asceticism

NY

1995), 220-48.

Dem.7:

Jansma (1974) and Murray (1974) -

see

above.

Dem.12:

G.Rouwhorst in Studia Patristica 17:3 (1983), 1174-80.

Dem.14:

J.M.Fiey in Le Muslon 81 (1968); G.Nedungatt in Orientalia Christiana Periodica

46 (1980); M-J.Pierre in A.Le Boulluec (ed),

La

controverse religieuse et ses formes

(1995),243-79.

.

~

\

Dem.17:

(christology)

W.L.Petersen,

in Vigiliae Christianae

46

(1992) 241-56. ( , . . ? ~

/



,

APHRAHAT

Syriac text (with Latin translation): Patrologia Syriaca 1-2.

Partial English translations: J)e ,

-10;

}<. v al() ..v(lf \6Lt;}cp.(, A p e . . ' ' ' f , : b e l N t o t - \ j ' f . r J t G l 1 ~ # , I ( .9Q9).

Demonstrations

1

5,

6

8, 10, 11, 21, 22: J.Gwynn, Select Library of Nicene and

Post Nicene Fathers, n.13 (1898).

Demonstrations 11-13, 15-19, 21, ~ of 23: J.Neusner, Aphrahat and Judaism

(1971).

Demonstrations 2 and 7: Journal of the Society for Oriental Research 14 (1930) and

16 (1932).

, Demonstration 4: in S.P.Brock,

The

Syriac Fathers on Prayer and the Spiritual Life

(1987).

French translation: M.J.Pier re, Sources chr6tiennes 349, 359 (1988-9). (Includes extensive

introduction and bibliography).

German translation: P.Bruns (1991-2).

Studies.

I

I.Hausherr, in Dictionnaire de Spiritualitse.1, 346-52.

E.J.Duncan, Baptism in Aphraates (1945).

A. V60bus, Asceticism in the Syrian Orient I (1958).

J.Neusner, Aphrahat and Judaism (1971).

R.Murray, The exhortation to candidates for ascetical vows at baptism in the ancient Syrian

Church , New Testament Studies 21 (1974).

T.Jansma, Aphrahates Demonstration VII. IS and 20 , Parole de l Orient 5 (1974).

T.Baarda, Gospel Quotations of Aphrahat, I (1975).

R. Murray Some rhetorical patterns in early Syriac lite rature , n A Tribute to Arthur

vBdbus (1977).

G.G.Blum, Afrahat, in Theologische Realenzyldopadie 1 (1977), 625-35.

R.J.Owens, The Genesis and Exodus citations of Aphrahat (1983).

R.Murray, Hellenistic-Jewish rhetoric in Aphrahat , ITI Symposium Syriacum

(Or.Christ.Analecta 221, 1983).

P .Bruns, Das Christusbild Aphrahats des Persischen Weisen (1990).

N.Koltun-Fromm, A Jewish-Christian conversation in fourth-century Persian Mesopotamia ,

Journal

of

Jewish Studies 41 (1996), 45-63.

Dem.4: (fire descends on sacrifice) S.P.Brock in Studia Patristica 25 (1993) 229-43.

Dem.6: (bnay qyomo etc.) G.Nedungatt in Orientalia Christiana Periodica 39 (1973), 191-

215, 419-44; A. VoObus in Studies.in C h u r ~ h History 30 (1961), 19-27; S G r i f f I t h ~

in Eulogema: Studies in Honor of R.Taft (Studia Anselmiana 110, 1993); in The

Harp 4 (1991) 145-59; and in V.L.Wimbush and R.Valentasis, Asceticism (NY

1995), 220-48.

Dem.7: Jansma (1974) and Murray (1974) - see above.

Dem.12: G.Rouwhorst in Studia Patristica 17:3 (1983), 1174-80.

Dem.14: J.M.Fiey in

Le

Museon 81 (1968); G.Nedungatt in Orientalia Christiana Periodica

46 (1980); M-J.Pierre in A.Le

Boulluec (ed),

La controverse religieuse et ses formes

(1995), 243-79.

Dem.17: (christology) W.L.Petersen, in Vigiliae Christianae 46 (1992) 241-56.



F.

TlsSf1/ 1\

'

f

114

\ S '

P.:

C ,

....

, 0 ._

c o J ~ c.u Or,IC

. I.' ,

...

-

A ~ c u s

G. wekr ~ ~ v \ .



HAGIOGRAPHY

Some general works:

R.Aigrain, L'Hagiographie:

ses

sources,

ses

methodes, son histoire (paris 1953)

C. Bin

field , Sainthood revisioned: studies

in

hagiography and biography (Sheffield 1995).

P.Brown, 'The rise and function

of

the Holy Man in Late Antiquity', Journal of Roman

Studies

61

(1973), 80-101. Repr. in

his

Society

and

the Holy in Late Antiquity

(Berkeley 1982), 103-52.

,The Cult

of

the Saints: its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity (Chicago 1981).

, The

Saint

as

exemplar in Late Antiquity', Representations

1:2

(1983),

1-25.

-

H.Delehaye, Legends

of

the Saints

(rp

New York 1962).

,Les passions des martyrs et les genres litte'raires (Brussels,

rp

1966).

,Les

saints stylites (Brussels, 1923).

A.G.Elliott, Roads

to

Paradise. Reading the Lives of the Early Saints (London

S.B.Gajano

(ed.),

Agiografia altoinedievale (Bologna 1976).

S.Hackel (ed.), The Byzantine Saint (London 1981).

Hagiographie: Cultures et

Societe s,

IV-XII

s i ~ l s

(Actes

du

Colloque) (paris 1981).

T.Head, Soldiers

of

Christ. Saints and Saint's Lives from

Late

Antiquity to the Early

Middle

Ages

(London 1995).

D.Krueger, Symeon the holy fool (Berkeley 1966).

E.E.Malone, The Monk and the Martyr: the Monk as Successor of the Martyr (Washington

DC, 1950).

E . P a t 1 a g ~

'Ancienne hagiographie byzantine et histoire sociale', Annales, Economies,

Societe, Ciwisations

3

(1968), 106-26. [ET

in

S.Wilson

(ed),

101-21.

P . Peeters, Orient et

Byzance:

Ie trefonds oriental de l'hagiographie byzantine (Subsidia

Hagiographica 26, 1950).

A.e.Rush, 'Death

as a

spiritual marriage: individual and ecclesial eschatology', Vigiliae

Christianae

26

(1972), 81-101.

S.Wilson

(ed.),

Saints and their Cults. Studies in Religious Sociology, Folklore and History

(Cambridge 1983)

[Has

a useful annotated bibliography].

Analecta Bollandiana; Bibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis

(1910);

Bibliotheca Sanctorum;

Bibliotheca Hagiographica Syriaca

(in preparation).

J-M.Fiey, Les

saints

syriaques

(forthcoming) .

Some available translations

of

Syriac hagiography;

S.P.Brock

and

S.A.Harvey, Holy Women

of

the Syrian Orient (Berkeley 1987).

E.A.W.Budge, The Life

of Rabban

Hormizd (London 1894).

,The

Book

of

Paradise (London 1904); also in The Paradise

or

Garden of the Holy

Fathers (London 1907),

and

Stories

of

the Holy Fathers (London 1934)

+

The Wit and

Wisdom of the Christian Fathers of Egypt (London 1934). ['Enanisho s Collection of

Egyptian Monastic texts].

,The Monks of Kublai Khan (London 1928). [Account of life and travels

of

Yahballaha III and Rabban Sauma].

F.e.Burkitt, Euphemia and the Goth (London 1913). [Includes martyrdoms

of

Shmona,

Gurya and Habbib].'

W.Cureton, Ancient Syriac Documents (London 1864). [Includes legendary martyrdoms of

Sharbel

and'

Barsamya].

n

,History of the Martyrs in

Palestine

y Eusebius

(London

1861).

R.Doran,

The

Lives of Symeon

Stylites (Kalamazoo 1992).

C.J.Odenkirchen, The Life

of

St Alexis in

the Old

French Version (l.eiden 1978).

I.Shahid, The Martyrs

of

Najran (Brussels 1971).

-

r.



_

.

.,

•

SYRIAC SOURCES FOR

THE

SASANIAN PERIOD

General

J .Labourt,

Le

christianisme dans l'empire perse (1904).

W.A. Wigram,

An

Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church. 100-640 AD (1910).

J .M.Fiey, Jalons pour une histoire de

I

eglise en Iraq (CSCO Subsidia

36, 1970).

W.G. Young, Patriarch, Shah and Caliph (1974).

S.Gero) Barsauma of Nisibis and Persian Christianity in the Fifth Century (CSCO Subsidia

63, 1981).

M.L. Chaumont, La christianisation de l' empire iranien des origines aux grandes persecutions

du IVe siecle (CSCO Subsidia 80, 1988).

(For briefer'introductions, see J.P.Asmussen, 'Christians in

Iran'.

in Cambridge History of

Iran III.2 (1983), 924-48, 1355-7; S.P.Brock 'Christians in the Sasanid Empire: a case of

divided loyalties', repro in Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity (1984), ch. VI;

G.Widengren, 'The Nestorian Church in Sasanian and early post-Sasanian Iran', in

L.Lanciotti

(ed.),

Incontro di religioni in Asia tra

il

ITI e X secolo

d.C.

(Florence

1-30). A , V , w r ' « r d { ~ , < o r v a J n ~ t C M : s n ~ ~ S t \ 5 « . ~ A + \

I\'fU'\J

B ~ ~ h ~ h p \ r C y l 4 ~ d S ~ ~ ? ~ ( ( ' ' ' ' )

7- i3

On sources

S.P.Brock, 'Syriac sources for

s e v e n t h ~ n t u r y

history', reprinted in Syriac Perspectives on .

Late Antiquity (1984).

, Syriac historical writing, a survey of the main sources', repro in Studies in Syriac

Christianity

(1992).

M.Morony, Iraq after the Muslim Conquest (1984), 'Resources': 537-654, esp. 561f,

620-32.

P.Nagel, 'Grundzuge syriscber Geschichtsschreibung', Berliner Byzantinische Arbeiten

55

(1990), 245-59.

J.R.Russell, 'Christianity in pre-Islamic Persia: literary sources', in Encyclopaedia lranica _ .,._

... _

.

5 (1992), 523-8.

G.Widengren, 'Sources

of

Parthian

and Sasanian

history'. in Cambridge History of Iran

TIL2

(1982),

1261-83,

esp.1276-8.

Chronicles

Chronicle

of

Seert: Patrologia Orientalis (PO) 4,5,7, 13 (+Ff); index to part I: PO 5,

335-42; to part II: Fiey in MUS] 42 (1966), 201-18.

Chronicle

of

Karka d-Bet Slokh: see Fiey, in Analecta Bollandiana 82 (1964), 189-222.

Khuzistan Chronicle: ed. + LT, I.Guidi, Chronica Minora I (CSCO and

2 / ~ ;

GT by

T.Noldeke, SbAkWissWien B.128 (1893), + commentary. (Arabic tr. P.Haddad,

1976).

Chronicle

of

Arbela: ed.

+ Fr,

A.Mingana, Sources syriaques (1907;

+

OT, P.Kawerau,

CSCO Ser.Syri 199-200 (1985); LT in Orientalia Christiana 8 (1927), 146-204.

Cp.Assfalg in Oriens Christianus 1966

t

and Fiey

in

L'Orient Syrien 1967.

Church Histories

B a r ~ a d b e s h a b b a 'Arbaya: ed. + FI F. Nau in PO 9 (part II) and 3 (part I).

Barhebraeus: ed. + LT, J.B.Abbeloos and T.Lamy (1872-7).

Monastic Histories

Isho'dnal}, Liber Castitatis:

ed.

+ FT, J.B.Chabot (1896).

Thomas

of Marga, Liber Superiorum: ed.

+

ET, E.A.W.Budge, The Book of Governors

(1893). Arabic tr., A.Abouna (1966).

M a r t y r d o m ~

(a) General

P

Peeters Le

passionaire d Adiabene',

Analecta

Bollandiana 43 (1925), 261-326.

I.Ortiz de Urbina, Patrologia Syriaca 2nd ed. 1965), 194-8 (Martyres Persiae).



._

..

-11

R ~ ~ T}-e t A 4 . e ~ ~ · i - f l < ; : ' j ~ · t : . . c ~ ~ V ~ * s ) ~ . t \ \ \ i 0 9 ' 1 l 4 ) - " ,

rc,- t;

R,w.

v y - q e ~ c ; 7 ~

A o J : ~ J

f v { v ~ ~ 6 V \ 1 ~ . r l ~ - bw-

. $ P . ~ b , , . ~

. ,

~ ~ . l S ~

.

K

\ \ ? ( ( ~ 9 9 \

P.Devos, 'LeS martyrs persans a ravers leurs actes syriaques', Atti del Convegno sul

Thra

r . J ) ~

La Persia e il Mondo Greco-Romano

1966),

213-25.

G. Wiessner, UntersuchuI,lgen zur syrischen Literaturgeschichte I, Zur Martyreruberlieferung

·aus der Christenverfolgung Schapurs

II,

AbAkWissGdttingen IY.67 (1967), reviewed

in ITS ns

19

(1968), 300-9.

P.Gignoux, 'Titres

et

fonctions religieuses sasanides

d t a p r ~

1es sources syriaques

hagiographVtques', Acta Antiqua Acad.Hung. 28 (1980) 191-203 [also in J.Harmatta

(ed.), From Hecataeus to al-Huwarizmi (Budapest 1984)].

(b) Selections in translation

Simeon bar

~ a b b a ' e :

ed. LT, M.Kmosko, Patrologia Syriaca 2 (2 versions).

Kardagh: ed. LT, J.B.Abbeloos, in Analecta Bollandiana 9 (1890); cp also G.Wiessner,

in

W.Eilers (ed.), Festgabe deutscher Iranisten zur 2500 Jahrfeier lrans (Stuttgart

1971), 141-55.

G.Hoffmann, Ausz{1ge aus syrischen Akten persischer Mlrtyrer (1880).

O.Braun, AusgewIDllte Akten persischer Mlrtyrer (1915).

S.P.Brock and S.A.Harvey, Holy Women of the Syrian Orient ( 1 9 8 7 ) ( ~ . t ~ 9 g )

u

A

martyr at the Sasanid court under Vabran II: Candida', Analecta Bollandiana 96

(1978), 167-81, repr, in Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity (1984).

Hagiography

Life of Ahudemmeh:

ed.

r in PO 3.

Life of Marutha: ed. FT in PO 3.

Lives of Rabban Hormizd and Rabban Bar Idta:

ed.

ET, E.A.W.Budge, The Histories

of R.Hormizd the Persian and R.bar Ida (1902).

Miscellaneous

Barl}adbeshabba of

l}:a1wan,

History of the Foundation of the Schools:

eel.

f in PO 4.

Statutes of School of Nisibis:

ed.

ET, A.V<SObus, (1962),; cp ViS6bus, History of the

School of Nisibis (CSCO Subs.26, 1965); M.Wolska, La topographie chretienne de

Cosmas Indicopleustes (1962), 63-84 ('Cosmas

et l tcole

de

Nisibe').

Synods of Church of the East: ed. Fr, J.B.Chabot, Synodicon Orientale (1902); cp

W.Selb, Orientalisches Kirchenrecht, I Sb6stAkWissWien, phil.-hist.Kl.388 (1981),

Monastic Rules: ed. ET, A.vMbus, Syriac and Arabic Documents regarding l e g i s ~ a t i o n

relative to Syrian asceticism (1960). -

Topography .

J M.Fiey, Assyrie

c ~ t i e n n e

I-III (Beirut 1965-8).

, Communautes syriaques en Iran

et

Iraq des origines 1552 (1979).

(Further bibliography can be found by consulting the Classified bibliographies for Syriac

studies in Parole

de

l'Orient 4 ~ 1 9 7 3 ) [for 1960-1970]; 10 1980/1) [for 1971-80]; 14

(1987) [for 1981-5]; 17 (t;

lJ fTi·.)

[for

1 9 8 6 - 9 0 ] ) { ( c o w . I o \ · ~ ~

Gls,

- S ; : 1 ~ . ~ : ~ . ~ ~ ) ' ~ ~

...

t . ~ ~ e \ . ~ ~ · f ed ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ ~ r ~ _~ . ' o . ~

\-

Q

( k ~ . D ' · k (.9;>6),



..

...

, . .

. ... j; ... :'.

SYRIAC LITURGY: SELECT

3 ; · . " 1 . " t ~ 3 g . · ~ 1 ~ j : I Y

.. ,: , . . : .

.

,.-;,.

A. GENERAL .. ; ..... .;;:

, ; ~

.

{ J

~ . B a u m s t a r k , Comparative Liturgy (ET London 1958). ; " : ' . ~ ' , .. :

I.M.Hannsens, Institutiones

liturgicae de

ritibus

o l i e r . t l i b u ~ . 2-3, De

missa

rituurn

orientalium (Rome 1930,

1932).

A.Raes, Introductio

in

liturgiam

orientalem

(Rome 1947).

W.de Vries, Sakramententheologie bei den syrischen Monophysiten (OCA 125, 1 9 4 0 ~

If Nestorianem

DCA

133, 1947).

B.

ANAPHORAS

'.

,

'.,. . . .

:.

; ~ . · · · . ( · · ~ : , ~ f P J ~ ~ : :

(1) CHURCH

of

the EAST ' I

' l ~ '

. ' , : ~ I ~ , I .

: . I . ~ l

'r .

i. . :

- sixth-century

fragment:

ed.

R.H.Connolly,

OC

12 14

(1923-4), 99-128.

' , ~ " :

.

:«, . .

- Addai and

Marl:

oldest

ms

ed. + ET,

W.Macomber,

OCP 32 (1966), 335-71.

critical edt + BT, A.Gelston,The Eucharistic Prayer of Addai and Marl (Oxford

1991)

ET,

B.D.Spinks (Grove

Liturgical Study 24, 1980).

- Theodore: critical edt+ BT, J. Vadakkel, The East Syriac Anaphora

of

Mar Theodore

of

Mopsuestia (Kottayam 1989). . . ~ _ V

oj

- Nestorius: critical

ed.

S.Naduthadam (diss. Paris

1992).

. ~ . ~ ?

-

The.

Syriac text

of all

three anaphoras

can

be

found (e.g.)

in the

Urmia

edition (1890),

with

ET

(London

1893);

another

ET by

K.A.Paul and G.Mooken (Trlchur

1967).

- Among the numerous studies (esp. of Addai and

Marl):

S.Y.H.Jammo, La structure

de

la messe

c h a l d ~ n n e (DCA

207 (1979);

G.Vavanikunnel,

Die eucharistische Katechese der

Anaphora der

Apostle

Mar Addai und

Mar

Marl (Wifrzburg 1976); T.Mari>oramparampll,

Anaphora and Post-Anaphora

of

the Syro-Malabar Qurbana (Kottayam 1984); P.Maniyattu,

Heaven

on Earth.

The Theology

of

Liturgical Spacetime in

the East

Syrian Qurbana

(Rome

1995).

(2)

SYRIAN ORTHODOX

~ . : : " : : - - " , , ~ , ¥ , ; ~ : - : ' : ' ~ ' - - : " ' : " ' " ~ ' . f ' . " ' , . r ~ : .

~

- List

of

Anaphoras in A.Raes and others, Anaphorae Syriacae I.i (Rome 1939),

pp.xi-xlv;

T see also table in

S.P.Brock,

Two recent editions

of

Syrian Orthodox Anaphoras, Ephemerides

Liturgicae

102 (1988), 436-45.

The

series

Anaphorae Syriacae

contains:

I.i (1939): Timothy of Alexandria, Severus of Antioch. I.ii (1940): Gregory

of

Nazianzus, John Chrysostom,

xn

Apostles

I-n. Liii (1044):

Dioscxtfls

I-II, Cyril. .

ll.i

(1951): Jacob of Serugh I-III, John Saba). H.ii (1953): James I-II,

Gregory

John) .

.

.

n. ii i (1973): Celestine, Peter m

[=

Sharrar], Thomas.

m.i

(1981): John ofBosra,

Jacob

of Edessa, Julius. Latin translations

of

many unpublished Anaphoras in Renaudot,

Liturgiarum Orientalium Collectio n (repr.1970). .. ., -' " ,

-

A.

Y.Samuel, Anaphoras(

LoJ..

tl l

(911). [Syriac text and facing ET of 13 Anaphoras].

(3) MARONITE .

- Sharrar:

edt Sauget

in

Anaph.Syr.ll.iii

(1973).

.,.'

' . .

- Important studies: M.Hayek, Liturgie maronite, histoire et textes eucharistiques (Tours

1963); P.E.Gemayel, Avant-Messe

maronite

t

histoire et structure (OCA 174, 1965).

l i t

(4) MELKITE · .

- For Melkite liturgical manuscripts in Syriac

seeC.Charon (=

Korolevskij), Histoire

des

Patriarcats Melkites .. ,

i l l

(Rome 1909), 30-41.

Cp

also J-M.Sauget, Nouveaux

fragments

de rouleaux liturgiques byzantino-melkites en syriaque, Le Museon 88 (1975), 5-30.

BAPTISM ..

Texts and LT

of

all four rites in J.A.Assemani, Codex Liturgicus I-ITI (Rome 17b ; for

the manuscript basis of these texts see I.M.Sauget, Gregorianum 54 (1973), 339-52. In

general: J. Vellian (ed.), Studies on Syrian Baptismal Rites (Syrian Churches Series 6, 1973);

S.P.Brock, The Holy Spirit

in

the Syrian Baptismal Tradition (Syrian Churches Series 9,



H. BIBLIOGRAPHY

J-M.Sauget, Bibliographie des liturgies orientales (Rome 1962) [arranged by rite and

subject]; S.Janeras, Bibliografia sulle liturgie orientali 1961-1967 (Rome 1969) [arranged

by author]; P. Yousif, A Classified Bibliography on the East Syrian Liturgy (Rome 1990).

See also bibliographical surveys by H.Brakmann and others in Archiv fur

Liturgiewissenschaft 7 (1961), 233-66;

11

(1969), 327-44; 19 (1978), 193-219; 24 (1982),

377-410; 30 (1988), 303-410. Also: A.Baumstark, Comparative Liturgy (ET 1958),

216-24; C.Moss, Catalogue of Printed Books .. in the British Museum (London 1962), 630-

84, and addenda 154-67; and S.P. Brock, Syriac Studies: a Classified· Bibliography (1960-

1990) (Kaslik, 1996), 184-208. , ' . ~ _ . r• •• .•

I.

MUSIC , . ..... 0

H.Husmann, Die Melodien des c h a 1 d ~ s c h e n Breviers-Commune (OCA 178, 1967); idem,

Die Melodien der lakobitischen Kirche I-II (Wien 1969-70); idem, Die qale gaoanaie des

Beit Gaza (Wien 1971). L.Hage, Le chant de l eglise maronite (Kaslik 1972); idem,

Musique maronite (Kaslik 1990-), Dom Jeanin, Melodies liturgiques syriennes

et

chaldeennes. I.Melodies syriennes: Introduction liturgique et recueil de melodies (repr.

Aleppo, 1995); N.Iskandar

(ed.

Gregorios Yuhannan Ibrahim), Beth Gazo: Music

of

the

Syrian Orthodox Church (Damascus, 1996).

J. MAIN SYRIAC COMMENTARIES

- Anonymous (early 5th cent.): S.P.Brock n OCP 46 (1980), 20-61 [Baptism], and ITS 37

(1986), 387-403

[Eucharis t ] . ·

.

.::

, .

- Theodore of Mopsuestia, Catech.Homilies, edt and ET A.Mingana (Woodbrooke Studies

193 FT and photogr. ed., R. Tonneau (Rome 1949); Fr M.Debie and others (paris

1996); GT P.Bruns (Freiburg 1995). Cp H.M.Riley, Christian Initiation (Washington

1974).

- Narsai [E, 5th cent.]: edt Mingana, Horns. 17 [later than Narsai] , 21-22, 323;

ET

R.H.Connolly, The Liturgical Homilies of Narsai (London 1909).

- Gabriel of Qatar [E, 7th cent.]:

ET

in G.Vavanikunnel (ed.), Homilies and Interpretations

on

the Holy Qurbana (Changanacherry 1977), 85-104.

- George of the Arabs [W, d.724]: edt and ET in R.H.Connolly and H.W.Codrington, Two

Commentaries on the Jacobite Liturgy (London 1913).

- Anonymous (Ps.George of Mosul) [E, 8th/9th cent.): edt and

LT

by R.H.Connolly,

CSCO Scr.Syri.29, 32 (1913-5).

-

lohn

of Dara [W,

th

cent.]:

edt and FI ,

I.Sader,

CSCO

Scr.Syrl 132-3 (1970); cp

J.Sader, Le lieu de culte et Ia messe syro-occidentale selon Ie De oblatione

de

Jean

de

Dara

(OCA 223, 1983).

- Moshe bar Kepha [W, d.903]:

ET

in Connolly and Codrington, Two Commentaries.

ET

of Comm. on Baptismal Service: R.A.Aytoun, in J.Vellian (ed), Studies

on

Syrian Baptismal

Rites (1973), 1-15. .

· ·

l

•

.. . . C .

~ : . . ; : . • ~ ~ : .

- Dionysius bar Salibi

[W,

d.1171]: edt and

LT

in H.Labourt, CSCO Scr.Syri 13-14 (1903).

- Iohannan bar

Zo bi

[E, 12th/13th cent.]:

ET

by T.Mannooramparampil (Kottayam 1992).

- Barhebraeus [W, d.1286]:

eel

and GT, R.Kohlhaas, Iakobitische Sakramententheologie

im 13.Jh. (Mlinster 1959).

- Timothy II [E, d.1332]: edt and ET, P.B.Kadicheeni,

The

Mystery of Baptism ...

(Ban

galore 1980).

; .

. .,

.•

For editions of texts for liturgical use in the Syriac Churches see Baumstark,

Comparative Liturgy, Appendix 216-24. Among texts published subsequently are:

(1) CHURCH of the EAST

;



:

J

- Taksa d-quddasha

d a s h l i ~ e

[Milpitas

CA

1995). [All three E Syriac anaphoras) .. .

- Ktaba da-Qdam wad-Batar wad-ij:udra

wad-KaSkul

wad-Gazza w-Qale d- Udrana

am

ktaba

d-Mazmure (3 vols, edt Darmo; Trichur 1960-62). .

- Ktaba da-Qdam wad-Hatar (Baghdad 1983).

- Ktaba d-Mazmure d-Dawid w- ameh ktaba d-metida da-Qdam wad-Batar d- itaw(hy)

d-tesmesta i(d)tanayta d-yawmata

~ l J . i m e

wda-star (Baghdad 1972).

- Taksa da-Mkurya wad-Burraka wad-Kullala wda-Qprr Gnona (Trichur 1960). [Marriage].

- Ktaba d-kurasta d- anide .. (Baghdad 1985). [Burial].

- Book of the Service of Qurbana

of

the Dead .. with Blessing of the Houses (Trichur 1984)

[Syriac text only; reprint of 1937 edition]. .

- Ktaba d ~ e

kumraye (Rome

1957).

[Chaldean ordinations].

(2)

SYRIAN ORTHODOX

- Ktobo d-tekso d-Anafura (ed.A.Konat; Pampakuda 1986). [13 Anaphoras, Syr.-

Malayalam] .

- Anafura. The Divine Liturgy according

to

the Rite

of

the Syrian Orthodox Church

of

Antioch (ed.J. Y.Cicek; St Ephrem Monastery, Holland 1985).

[9

Anaphoras].

- Anaphoras

(ed. A.

Y.Samuel; Lodi

NJ

1991). [13 Anaphoras].

- Tekso da- modo

q a d i ~ o

(ed.

Ephrem Barsaum; Horns. 1950). [Baptism].

- The Sacrament

of

Holy Baptism according to the Ancient Rite

of

the Syrian Orthodox

Church

of

Antioch

(ed. A.

Y.Samuel; Hackensack 1974). [Syr.-English].

- Tekso da- modo, d-Zuwogo, Ufoyo . (pampakuda 1979). [Baptism, marriage, Burial].

- The Order

of

the Solemnization of the Sacrament

of

Matrimony according to the Ancient

Rite of the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch (ed.A. Y.Samuel; Hackensack 1975). [Syr.

English].

- The Order for the Burial

of

the Dead according to the Ancient Rite

of

the Syrian Orthodox

Church of

Antioch

(edt A. Y.Samuel; Hackensack 1974). [Syr.-EngIishJ.

- Tekso d- ufoyo d-tegme kohnoye (Pampakuda 1982). [Burial of

r i e s t s ] . · ~ ' - ' - : - ~ ·

-

----.

-.-

. ~ - :

• v •

- Tekso d a ~ l u t o

sl.l1mto

(Pampakuda 1977). [Weekday Office]. .

-

§ ~ i m o

(St Ephrem Monastery,

Ho])and

1982). [Weekday Office].

Ktobo d-Bet Gazo (St Ephrem Monastery, 1981). [Repertory of hymns

and

melodies

arranged according to the 8 tones].

- Ktobo d-Bet Gazo da-zmiroto idtonyoto. (pampakuda

1986). .

- Bet Gazo rabo/Die gesamte Melodien der Syrisch-Orthodoxen Kirche von Antiochien

St

Ephrem Monastery, 1992).

- Fenqitho

(3

vols, Pampakuda 1962-3).

- Tekso da-M ad dono (ed.Ignatius Ya qub; Damascus 1978). [Syr. and Arabic].

• v

- Tekso da-M ad dono d-I;Iudro sa(n)tonoyo (pampakuda 1979). [Syr.-Malayalam]

- Tekso da-M ad dono/Ma de dono. The Book of the Church Festivals ...

(Lodi

1984). [Syr.-

En lish].

.

. - Sbito d-dayroye (St Ephrem Monastery 1993). [prayers for Weekday Monastic Hours;

with Psalms]. .

- Ewangelyon qadisho [Gospel Lectionary],

ed. J. Y.Cicek:;

St Ephrem Monastery 1987).

-

Puros

qeryone d- egroto/Lectionary

of

the

Syriac

Epistles (St Ephrem

Monastery

1992).

- Qinotho d-qurobo alohoyo/Kirchliche Hymnen der Syrisch-Orthodoxen Kirche von

Antiochien St Ephrem Mon., 1993).

(3)

MARONITE

- Ktobe d-tekse l-tesmesto d-roze qadise (Bkerke 1942).

- Ktobo d-Qurbono a(y)k yodo d- idto d-Antyukya d-Suryoye Maronoye

(Bkerke

1992).

- ~ t u m t o (Kaslik 1982; 2nd ed.1991). [Weekday Office, Syr.-Ar.]

ao_ w



Y

-;

.....

.

. •

THE SYRIAC EXEGETICAL TRADITION

1. EDITIONS OF IMPORTANT TEXTS

oom •

Ephrem, C.Gen.and Exod. (ed.+ LT, R.Tonneau, CSCO Ser.Syri 71-2; ET E.G.Mathews

and J.Amar, 1994 .; C.

e,.Of :Cf

~

So. .

~ ' . 9 s )

John the Solitary, C.Qohelet (ed. W.Strothmann, GOFS 30, 1988).

Jacob

of

Edessa [W], C.on Hexaemeron (ed.J.B.Chabot, CSCO Ser.Syri 44; LT

A. Vaschalde, CSCO Scr.Syri 47; edt I.Cicek, Bar Hebraeus Verlag 1985).

Anonymous (inolim Diarbekir 22) [El, C.Gen.

and

Ex. 1-9 (ed.+Fr, L.van Rompay, CSCO

Ser.Syri 205-6).

Theodore bar Koni [El, Scholia (ed. A.Scher, CSCO Scr.Syri 19, 26; FT R.Hespel

. .

R.Draguet, CSCO Scr.Syri 187, 188; edt + FT R.Hespel, CSCO Ser.Syri 193-4).

Isho bar Nun [El, Selected Questions on the Pentateuch

(ed. + ET,

E.Clarke, 1962). t:J

Isho dad

of

Merv

[El,

Commentary on the OT

(ed. +

FT, C.Van den Eynde, CSCO Scr.

t a

Syri 67, 75; 80-81; 96-97; 128-9; 146-7; 185-6).

Anonymous

[El,

C. on Genesis 1-18

e d : ~ . L e v e n e ,

1951).

Moshe bar Kepha

[W],

C. on Hexaemeron (OT, L.Sehlimme, OOFS 17, 1977).

Dionysius bar Salibi [W], C.Qohelet (ed. W.Strothmann, GOFS 31, 1988).

Bar Hebraeus [W], Ausar RazeiScholia on Gen.- 2 Sam. (ed. +

ET

M.Sprengling and

W.C.Graham, 1931).

(b) NT

Ephrem, Commentary on the· Diates·saron

(ed. +

LT, L.Leloir, 1963 and 1990; ET

C.McCarthy, 1993).

Philoxenus [W], C.Prologue of John (ed. + FT, A.de Halleux, CSCO Ser.Syri 165-6) . . . ._._-

__

, _

t , C.Matthew and Luke (ed.+ ET, I.Watt, CSCO SCI.Syri 171-2).

Isho dad of Merv [El, C. on NT (ed. + ET, M.D.Gibson, Horae Semitieae 5-7, 10, 1911-

1913).

Moshe bar Kepha [W], C.John (ed. + GT, L.Schlimme, GOFS 18, 1978).

It , C. Romans (ed. + GT, J.Reller, GOFS 35, 1994).

Dionysius bar Salibi [W], C.Gospels, Acts, Cath.Epp., Apac. (ed. + LT, I Sedla< ek and

~ e r s CSCO 15-16; 33,40; 47,60 [Gospels]; 18,20 [Acts-Apoc.].

C J O h , ~ ~ ~

R.u: ;0r·

Bar

Hebraeus

[W],.

C. on Gospels (ET

W.F.Carr, 1925).

(c) Translations from Greek

Athanasius, C.Psalms (ed. + ET, R.W.Thomson, CSCO Scr.Syri 167-8).

Basil, C.Hexaemeron (ed. + ET, R.W.Thomson, CSCO Ser.Syri L21.-3).

Cyril

of

Alexandria, Hom. on Luke

(ed.

J.B.Chabot, CSCO Ser.Syri

27;

LT R.Tonneau,

CSCO SCI.Syri 70).

Theodore of Mopsuestia, C.Psalms 118,138-148

(ed.+

FT, L.van Rompay, CSCO Ser.Syri

189-90).

::

,C.Qohelet (ed. W . S t r o t h m a n ~ GOFS 28, 1 9 8 ~ ; ep 29, 1988 for Catena fragments).

, C.John

(ed.+

LT, I-M. Vost e, CSCO Scr.Syn 62-63).

II. On

early

writers .

E.Beck, Zur Terminologie von

E p h r ~ m s

Bildtheologie, in M.Schmidt (Ed.), Typus Symbol,

Allegorie ..

(1982),329-77.

S.P.Brock, ewish Traditions in Syriae sources, Journal of Jewish Studies 30 (1979),212-32.

A. Guillaumont, Un midrash d Exode 4, 24-6 chez Aphraate et Ephrem de Nisibe, in

R.H.Fischer

(ed.),

A Tribute to Arthur Voobus (1977), 89-95.



R. Murray, The lance which re-opened Paradise

..

, Orientalia Christiana Periodica 39 (1973),

224-34,491.

< ,The

theory of symbolism in St Ephrem's theology, Parole de l'Orient 6/7

(197516),

f" ' 1-20.

\y

It ,Der Dichter als Exeget: der hl. Ephram und die heutige Exegese, Z.Kath. Theologie

l

100 (1978), 484-94.

A.Salvesen, The Exodus Commentary of St Ephrem, Studia Patristica 25 (1993),332-8; cp

also The

Harp

4 (1991), 21-34.

III. On later writers

(a) OT

M.Albert, Les commentaires syriaques sur les Psaumes. Un exemple, Ie

Ps.45,

in P.Maraval

(ed.), Le Psautier chez les Petes (1994), 255-70.

S.P.Brock, Genesis 22 in Syriac tradition, in Melanges D . B a r t h ~ l e m y (1981), 2-30.

T

.Jansma, Investigations into the early Syriac Fathers on Genesis, Oudtestamentische Studien

12 (1958), 69-181.

R.Macina, J. homme

A

'ecole

de

Dieu. D'Antioche Nisibe

..

,

Proche

Orient

C h r ~ t i e n

32

(1982), 86-124,

263-301; (1983), 39-103.

S.Stroumsa, The

impact

of

Syriac tradition on early Judaeo-Arabic Bible exegesis, Aram

3

(1991), 83-96.

L.van Rompay, A hitherto unknown Nestorian Commenatryon Gen. and Exod.1-9,32 ... ,

Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 5 (1974), 53-78.

" , Le commentaire sur Gen.-Exod. 9,32

...

et l'exegese syrienne orientale du h u i t i c ~ m e

au d i x i ~ e siecle,][Symposium Syriacum (Orientalia Christiana Analecta 205, 1978),

- -(b II)

NT-..1

3

:;3.-nu.,. C ~ : s h ~ $'1 ....·

.

.. - t - ~ · ~ i- , ~ i : w c h . c r t } ~ M.

N ~ o ( e J ) . J + < . b ~

' F : 1 ' o f A I O T . ~

HUn",

.,. ~ f ....n,., I . i ( G ~ ~ ~ ~ . % ) 2 . ~ .

R.

Cowley , Scholia of Ahob

of

Qatar on

St

John's Gospel and the Pauline Epistles, Le

Museon 93 (1980), 329-43.

J.C.McCullough, Early Syriac Commentaries on the New Testament, I-II, Near Eastern

School of Theology, Theological Review 5 (1982), 14-33, 79-126.

G.J

Reinink, Studien zur Quellen- und Traditionsgeschichte des Evangelienkommentars

der

Gannat Bussame (CSCO Subs. 57, 1979).

L

J

I I

I

L

l

~ ~ . l . 61

v ~

b

1-'0

c ~

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crt.

oj- J ~ ~ ( : . I)

- r ~ W - X e . . - L ~ t ~ ~ ~ t ~ - r i r ~ , 1vit Lk

YoSv,

b, Apkt-cn'\y' J ~ ~ ~ o b )

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r

r tJA ss ( '4)

(y -l 0.. V\A )

), r l<.f b, S' Jt £,..; 1-/170

- g o . A t k l : , V N . - ~ J (-t(m)

( q ~ V 1 e ~ 4- 4 )

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I v t t l A · V \ ~

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~ ~ ' c . . . : ~ c c j l o

1-

Ekse;

~ J o - r ( :Leur ko-.-t

~ V \ . . J ) . I h ~ ~ ~ ~ : ( s ~ ( b ~ ~ •

. . . , - c ~ L ~ \ \ ~ : ~ ' L o ? < = . . . . y \ ~

s r Y { ' ' ' ' ~ ~ ' ' 1 J J6'k ,-, k p fAv f l t ; . . .



[ ~ ~

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vM-\

R ~ I

]

C1. p ~ r ~ .

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- - . - -

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... - . ._

E 'lCr 7 .,.

C L M - ~ ,

} ~ ~ c b o J N l 4 ~

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\

.

ibN \

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. b.

v ~ ~ . ~ t \ r ~ i i l ) . Ti 4. 1Mv ~ ~

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1

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4--S Zt 1 ;

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----

SYRIAC MONASTIC LITERATURE

1.

General 5. b ~ ( J ~ l J :t ,. tit<. 7 . J ~

.

\

J h ~ 7

~ : r L

f ,.. s:

...

.

~ . - . Q . J J . « ( ) > C ~ ' , 1 fs>.J:1

S.Begglanl, Introduction

to

Eastern Chnstlan

SPlritUal ty: the

Syriac tradition

(Scranton,

1991).-

R.Beulay,

La

l u m i ~ r e sans forme. Introduction ~ 1 6tude de

la

mystique chretienne

syro-orientale (chevetogne, 1987).

G.Blum, Mysticism in the Syriac

Tradition (S.E.E.R.I.Correspondence Course 7,

Kottayam, 1990). .

R.C.Bondi, The spirituality

of

Syriac-speaking Christians, in- B.Mc'inn and

J.Meyendorf OOs) , Christian Spirituality. Origins to Twelfth Century

(London,

1986),

152-61.

S.P.Brock, Syriac spirituality, in C.P.M.Jones, E. Yarn old and others (eds). The

Study of Spirituality (London, 1986), 199-215.

t The Syriac Fathers on Prayer and the Spiritual Life (Kalamazoo, 1987).

[Eng.tr. of selected texts].

" ,Spirituality

in

the Syriac Tradition (Kottayam, 1989).

tt The spirituality

of

the

heart in

Syrian tradition,

The Harp

(Kottayam) 1

2-3

(1988), 93-115.

..

, M a ~ n a n u t a , a technical term in

East

Syrian spirituality and its background,

in

Melanges A.Guillaumont (Geneva, 1988), 121-9.

B. Colless, The place

of

Syrian mysticism in religious history, Journal of Religious

History 5 (1968), 1-15.

¥t A.Mingana, Early Christian Mystics (Woodbrooke Studies 7, 1934). [Eng.

tf.

of

selected texts].

M.Smith, Studies

in

Early Mysticism

in

the Near and Middle East (London, 1931)

A. V88bus, History

of

Asceticism in the Syrian Orient

3

vols, Leuven,

1958, J

960,

1988).

" ,Syriac and Arabic Documents regarding Legislation relative to Syrian Asceticism

(Stockholm, 1960).

P. Yousif, East Syrian Spirituality (Rome 1990;..e.J.,A T k . o t n . k ~ )

2. Early writers

(see

also bibliography to Aphrahat and Ephrem)

R.Murray, Symbols of Church and Kingdom (Cambridge, 1975)

S.P.Brock, The Holy Spirit

in

the Syrian Baptismal Tradition (The Syrian Churches

. Series 9, 1979).

( 2 ~

ei 19 r:J I

J

3. LffiER GRADUUM

~ d

1,..".,.

fw. ... . ... .. J

;.- t t;lterlt

Ed. + Latin tr. by M.Kmosko, Patrologia Syriaca 3 (1926).

A.Guillaumont, in D.Spir.9

(1976),

749-54,

and

Situation et signification

du

Liber

Graduum dans 1a

spiritualite sydaque,

Symposium Syriacum [1] = Orientalia

Christiana Periodica

197

(1974), 311-22.

A.Kowalski, Perfezione e Giusticia di Adamo

nel

Libro Graduum «Or.Chr.Anal.

232, 1989). c. t t w ~ ( l - / W o r l < ~ 1 ~ .ecu-fl... tf}--b..,

~

( : 9 ~ I )

4. Fifth/Sixth Centuries. (a) Translations from Greek

MONASTIC WRITINGS FROM EGYPT

B.A. W.Budge,

Stories

from

the Holy Fathers

(Oxford, )934).

11

The Wit and Wisdom of the Christian Fathers

of

Egypt (Oxford, 1934). [Both

vols are translated

from

the Syriac

monastic anthology by 'Enanisho' The

.

Paradise of the

Fathers).

D

Chitty The

Letters o f

Ammonas

(Fairacres

Publications

72, 1979).

• v



I

R.Draguet, La vie: primitive de S.Antoine conservtten s ~ r i a q u e (CSCO 417-8, 1980).

n

,Les

formes syriaques de la

m a t i ~ r e

de l'histoire Lauslaque (CSCO 389-90,398-9,

1978).

MACARIAN HOMILIES \ .

.

. W.Strothmann, Die syrische Uberlieferung der Schnften des Makarios (Wlesbaden,.

1981).

EVAGRIUS

. . .

.

A.Guillaumont, es six centuries des Kephalaia Gnostica d'Evagre le Pontlque

(Patrologia Orientalis 28, 1958).

,Les Kephalaia Gnostica d'Evagre Ie Pontique et l'histoire de l O r i g ~ n i s m e chez

les

grecs et les syriens (Paris, 1962).

G.Bunge, Briefe aus der

Wuste

(Sophia 2, 1986).

DIONYSIAN

CORPUS

(edition in preparation

by G.

Wiessner)

J-M.Homus,

Le

corpus dionysien en syriaque, Parole de l'Orient 1 (1970), 69-94.

W.Strothmann, Das Sakrament der Myron-Weihe in der Schrift de Eccles.Hier. des

Ps.Dionysios Areopagita (Wiesbaden, 1977).

ABBA ISAIAH

R.Draguet, Les cinq recensions de

l

Asceticon syriaque d Abba lsaie

(CSCO

289-90,

293-4,

1968)

.

.. ,Commentaire anonyme

du

Libre d'abba lsaie (CSCO 150-1, 1073).

D.Chitty, Abba Isaiah, Journal of Theological Studies

ns

22 (1971), 47-72.

5. Fifth/Sixth centuries (b) Syriac writers

JOHN THE SOLITARY (JOHN OF APAMEIA)

B.Bradley,

in

D.Spir. 8 (1974), 764-74.

S.P.Brock, John

the

Solitary,

On

Prayer, Journal of Theol.Studies ns 30 (1979),84-

101.

A. de Halleux,

La christologie de

Jean

Ie Solitaire,

Le Museon

94

(1981), 5-36 .

.• : • Le milieu

historique de Jean d Apamee (III Sympos.Syriacum =

Or.Chr.AnaI.221, 1983), 299-305.

I.Hausherr, Jean

Ie

Solitaire, Dialogue sur

I'arne

et les passions de I'homme, Or. Chr.

Anal.

120,

1939 = Fr. tr.

of

Syriac text

edited

by S.Dedering, 1936].

tf ,Un grand auteur spirituel retrouvc , Or.Chr.Per.

14

(1948)

=

Or.·Chr.Aoal. 183

(1969), 181-216.

R.Lavenant, Le p r o b l ~ m e de Jean d'Apamee, Or.Chr.Per. 46 (1080),367-90.

It ,

Jean

d Apamee, Dialogues et trailes (Sources chr6'tiennes 311,

1984).

[Fr. tr. of

Syriac texts ed.

by

Strothmann].

L.G.Rignell, Briefe

von

Johannes dem Einsiedler (Lund, 1941).

: .':; . , Drei Traktate

von

Johannes

dem

Einsiedler (Lund, 1960). [Eng.tr. of first

. tractate by

D. Mi

lIer, in The

Ascetical

Homilies

of

St Isaac the Syrian (Boston,

1984), 461-6].

W.Strothmann, Johannes von Apameia (patristische Texte und Studien

· 1972).

PHILOXENUS . '

B.A. W.Budge, The Discourses of Philoxenus (London, 1894).

A.

de Halleux.

P h i l o x ~ n e

de Mabbog; sa vie, ses

ecrits, thOOlogie

(Louvain

> 1963)

.

. . F.Graffin, in D.Spir. 12 (1984), 1392-7.

A.Grillmeier, Die Taufe Christi und die Taufe der Christen. Zur Tauftheologie des

~ i l o x e n o s

v.

~ b b o g und ihre Bedeutung fur die christliche Spiritualitat, in

FIdes SacramentJ, Sacramentum Fidei. Studies in Honour of P Smulders

.



(Assen, 1981), 137-75. . .

G.Lardreau, Discours philosophique

et

discours spirituel. Autour

de la

phIlosophle

spirituelle

de P h i l o x ~ n e

de Mabboug (Paris, 1985).

R.Lavenant, La lettre a atricius de Philoxene (patrologia Orientalis 30, 1963).

A.Tanghe, Memra de P h i l o x ~ n e sur l'inhabitation

du

Saint Esprit, Le

Mus60n

73

(1960), 39-71 [Eng. tr. in Brock, Syriac Fathers on Prayer],

J.Watt, Philoxenus and the Old Syriac version of Evagrius' Centuries, Griens

Christian us 64 (1980), 65-81.

JACOB OF SERUGH

S.P.Brock, Baptismal themes in the writings of

Jacob

of Serugh,

II

Symp.Syr.

=

Or.Chr.Anal . 205 (1978), 325-47. )

R.Graffin, in D.Spir. 8 (1974), 56-60.

T.

B.ot) M ,.,ttur,

~

nJ.loj, e

~ ( . .

J. J

.

r. ( ~ , ~

STEPHEN BAR SUDHAILI and HIEROTHEOS

A.Guillaumont, in D.Spir. 4 (1960), 1481-8.

F.S.Marsh, The Book

of

the Holy Hierotheos (London, 1927).

6. East

Syrian

writers , sixth

t b ' e 4 g h t ~

century

Vost'

,

J-M.,

in Angelicum

6 (1929),

143-

2

06.'

Nau,

F.,

A propos

dun

eu i l l e t d'un mS arabez

La

~ ~ s e o n

43

(49jO),

85-116

Brock, fJ.P.,

The Prayer

01' the Heart in Syriac

131 -42.

,

8 1 4 ~ c I Cr.,

Lc.. t.. c-

~ t

. . . . . . , , ~

I< • 5 S ('9tl

L

),1-

1

t

GREGORY

O ~ '

C Y P R ~ S

La

mystique

chez

l es nestoriens

trudit ion,

~ o b o r n o $ t / g C H '1:2

(19B2),

Ha\4Sherr, 1. ,

ere

ar i i

. ~ o n f l c h i

C r i i

de

T

• •ario. So.ncta,

OCA

110 t ~ 1 3 ' ( ) .

+Lat

. t r .

Kirchmeyer,

J . ,

in

DSpir

6

1961

t

920-22.

~ ~ Y R I U S / t i A H D O N A

Dc H.alleux, A.,

~ l a r t y r i u s ( S a h d o n a ) :

OE:JUVI eS

sp.r i tuel les,

CSCO

2l

l

0-1, 214-"

(1960-5). ( l 'urther

fra.gments

have

been published in Le j ; ~ u s ~ o n

51

(1968),

139-54 (With m),

and b8

(1915),253-96 (with F r . T ~ .

Leloir,

L.,

L.<l. pensee

monastique d'Ephrem

e t de

: . ~ a r t y r i u s , OCA 1 ~ r (

(19'{4),105-3

1

•

id . , in DSpir 10 (1QaO), 731-42.

ISAAC

Olt' N I ~ 1 . " V E H

(ISAAC

IrHE

SYRIAlJ)

( s u . . a 4 o . 5 ' r ~ ~ )

Yiensinck, A.J.

t

Rtic Treatises b Isaac or N i n ~ v e h (Amstel'dam 1 9 ~ 3 , rp Viiesba

den 1969)

• . . new

El hy l r . Mamas, Holy ' l ' r : l n s ~ i g u r a t i ( ) n

j . , ~ o n a s t ~ I ' Y ,

( B o c . ; ~ , -

J \ ~ s ~ . , \ ' i ' t - ) . I S

~ - k 1 ~ . ) ~ ~ ~ ' " ~ ~ I ~ ~ " " ' ) .

K h a l i f ~ - H a c h f l m ,

P. , in

DSpir

7 (19 i1), 2041-54. '

id . , La

p r i ~ r e

p u r ~ e t Is

p r i ~ r e

sp i r i tue l l e selon Isaac de Ninctvc,

. : ~ r n ( ) r i a l

Mgr.G.1<l)ouri ...f)a.rkis

(Louvain 1969),

157-'(3 •

Brock, S.P. , St I s a ~ c

of Nineveh

and

f:iyrjac

s 'pir i tuali ty, o b o r ~

(:2

(1975),

79-tJ9.

id . ,

St Isaac of

Nineveh,

The Way Jan 1981, 68-14.

D A ~ I S H O C . , Sn.:EON '.:.H u H A C E ~ l U L ( d - ~ a y b u t e h )

Draguet,

n.,

COt mentaire

du

l ivre d ahba Isaie kar

])a.disho

Qatra'v'l,

C ~ ; ( ; U

3 ~ . t : - 7

(197

2

) .

.

N.iobuna,

}\.,

~ a r l y

ChI'intian l i ~ y s t i c s ( W o o d b r o o k ~

Stuuies "I,

1934).

g t ~ 6 l o

I 7>.)

. : s l ~ o " ' - ~ 01., t & - . - ( t ~ .....

:t-eA-

Rr:. lJ7 {.l

Sb( ' jk.C\( I A ,

S,' ,, ,-ct-\ ~

o-

·b;...1 1- ) ~ } ) S : r j ' ~ ' : ' 14- (Ull - ) l ) ~ ~ - - c f



r

.

., .

:.,;. I·

0::. ...

:

J 0 b ~ P H ~ Z Z A Y a ( ~ t h b

seer l )

; .

Olinder, G.,

A l e t t e r of

Philoxenus [j

n fact b e

.7 .

,195

0

) . (,It'r. t r . by .Graffin

in

tfOrient sY ~ O S e p ~ L R ( n t

tOr

a

i l ic-nd (G8tehorg

Minaana,

A.,.

(see unaer DAlJISHOC). yrlen

6 1

1961-2»

N ~ . e J , ' h ~ +

~ e ~ l a y ,

R.,

In

DSpir 8 (1974), 1341-9.

l]Y .tr

~

R.t\ ....

(lr\-l

~ ~ . O . , . . . 4 o , l " 1 .

G u ~ l l a u m o n t ,

A. ~ o u r c e s de 1a doctrine .

3-24. de Joseph J: azzaYJl, L'Orient Syrien

l

1958 ,

Harb"p., It'o.ut-il rest i t l /er d JOfleph

Ita7za

a In. ,,

le mor;u.stiC1:.,,; attr ihuJe

Ph'I

\ Y h, t t re

sur len

troIS dec-reB de 18

Sherry,

E.J . , ' r ~ e lif.e and works ~ f t ) ; : : : ' ( ) ~ ~ f l l i ] a r b u g ?

~ 4

(-9bt1), 15-36.

in

honour

of 'l:.J .f\leek

(Toronto

19

6

4); ' ( O ~ ~ ~ : y a ,

In

The ~ e e d

of

'Ilisd('r" E ~ s a Y 8

J O ~ DALYATHA

Beulay, H.,

La collection

des let tres

de

Jean de

Da1 atha P a t r o l o ~ i a Orientalie

,9 ( 1 ~ ' l 8 ) . ET of his D i s c o u . V s ~ s in prepa.rat ion by.B.Colless).

10,

in

DSpir

e

( 1 ~ 1 4 ) ,

449-52.

Collese, B.,

The

mysticism of John Saba, Orientalia. Christiana Pcrio<lica

(1913), ~ ~ - 1 ( j 2 . \

B ~ R , L ' ~ ~ - . . . . . r ~ V \ ~

J<-.T.c.-.

J s A f ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ - f l Y f ~ ~ ~

7.

Later writers

1: l11(

f z )W

( ( > ~

~ 1 V

JOSEPH BUSNAYA

Cbal.1ot, J.B.,

in

Hevue

118-33

( -r . tr .) .

BARHEBRAEUS

l Orien t

c h r ~ t i e n

4

(1899), 3 8 0 - ~ 1 ) , and

5

(1900),

I

Vlensinck, A.J., Barhebraeus'

Book

of the Dove

toc;ethez' wi

th some

chapters from

his Ethicon

(Leiden 15J19).

~ ~ S C . U D

Van Helmond,

E.lI.., HasLoud du 'four (Aldin,

un

mystique'

syrien du XVe

si.'ecle

(Louvain 1942). -

8.

Bibliovr&nhical aids

Fairly c o m . p l ~ t ~

coverage up

to c

.1960

can be found in (; . ; ~ o s s , ...

. ; . ; . a . . : ; . t a ; ; ; ; . ; l ~ o ~ . ~ e . . . . , . - ; . ~ ~ . . o . . ; ; ; ; . . . ~

Printed Books and related I i teru ture in the Dri t i sh [(Iuseum (London 1962 t l i s t ed

under t h ~ respective

8yriac authoI' ( l i s ted

~ l p h a b e t i c a l 1 y togethel: "

i t i l

modern

authols);

mOl'e

sl·lectivt,;;

1.Orti?, de Urbina, fatrolofjia. Syriaua (Rome, 2ne eJ.

19f.5). II or I j tprat , :r · ; p l ) ~ l i ~ h e d between 1960 and 1'70: S.:'.iirocJi:, ~ : ' r i e c

studies 1 9 6 0 - 1 ~ ' ( O :

a \.'le-ssi 'i ed

bibl ioeraphy,

Purole

de

1

")rie.. , t .1 (1975), >,3-

465

(arl'anged

by

8,''o,jE: ct/Syriac

a \ ~ t h o J ' ) ;

a

si'

.1.ar

bibliography

r:o'Verlnr,

1971-bt

i s PltNII 1e eli

( ~ · O n ' · , " - . k - . (0.

C ~ 9 ~ f / ~ ) I ~ '

..... 2,.

j , ; l1

i t - ?

~ » ~ Lt.

{ rJ

n erV

ILr (l,f7) I 2 J l 7 l - ~ ' O ; 1 fe-r ~ ~ ~ O ~

f : : : . ~ - &

if LiOnw: 17 (99'1.) 2( lu i



_ _

EARLY SYRIAN MONASTICISM; THENATIVE ASCETIC TRADmONS

S.Abouzayd,

I\rldayutha:

a

study of

the life

of

singleness in the

Syrian

Orient

1993)

A.Adam, Grundbegriffe des Monchtums in sprachlicher Sicht, Z.

f

Kirchengeschichte 65

(1953), 209-39 .

. ,review of Voobus, History of Asceticism, Gott.Ge1.Anzeige 1960, repro in K.S.Frank

(ed.),

Askese und

Monchtum

(Darmstadt

1975),244-50

D.Amand de Mendieta, La virginite chez Eusebe d'Emese et l'asaSticisme familial dans la

premiere

moitie du IVe s i ~ l e

Rewe

d'histoire

ecclesiastique 50 (1955), 777-820

A.Baker, Syriac

and

the origins of monasticism, Downside Review

86

(1968),

342-53

rt ,Early Syrian Asceticism, Downside Review 88 (1970), 393-409

B.Beck,

Bin

Beitrag zur Terminologie

des wtesten

syrischen Monchtums, Studia Anselmiana

38

(1956),

254-67 .

,Asceticisme et monachisme chez s. Ephrem, L'Orient Syrien 3 (1958), 273-98

S.P. Brock, Early Syrian asceticlism,

Numen 20

(1973), 1-19,

repro in

Syriac Perspectives

on Late Antiquity 1984)

n

The

Luminous

Eye (1985, 1992), ch.8

P. Canivet,

Le

monachisme syrien

selon

Theodoret de Cyr 1977)

G.Couilleau,

L'alliance

aux

origines

du

monachisme

egyptien, Collectanea Cisterciana

39

1917),

170-93

J-M.Fiey, Aones, Awun et Awgen,

Analecta

Bollandiana 80 (1962), 52-81

R.Gregoire, Notes philologiques sur le vocabulaire de la vie religieuse, Parole de L'Orient

1 (1970), 301-26

J.

Gribomont, Le monachisme

au IV

e

siecle en Asie Mineure:

de Gangres

au

Messalianisme, Studia Patristica 2 =Texte u. Untersuchungen 64 (1957),

400 15

u ,I.e

monachisme au sein de l eglise en Syrie et en Cappadocie, Studia Monastica 7

(1965), 7-24

S.Griffith,

'Singles'

in God s

service

..

[IQidaye],

The Harp 4

(1991), 145-59

If ,Monks, 'Singles' and the 'Sons of the Covenant'. Reflections

on

Syriac ascetic

terminology, in Eulogema:

Studies

in

honor

of

R.Taft (Studia Anselmiana

110,

1993), 141-60

,Julian

Saba,

'Father

of the Monks of

Syria',

Journal of

Early Christian

Studies 2

(1994), 185-216

,Asceticism

in

the Church of Syria. The hermeneutics of

early Syrian

monasticism,

in

V.L.Wimbush

and R.

Valantasis eds),

Asceticism

(1995),

220-48

A.Guillaumont,

Aux origines

du

monachisme

h r ~ t i e n

1979)

I , Syriaque (spiritualite), in Diet. de Spiritualite 14 (1990), 1429-50 ,

M.Harl, A propos

des

logia de

Jesus: Ie sens du mot

monachos,

Revue des Etudes

grecques

73

(1960), 464-74

S.A.Harvey, The Edessan and ascetic tradition, The Harp 6 (1993), 99-110 .

E.A.Judge, The earliest use

of monachos

for 'monk', Iahrbuch

flir

Antike

und Christentum

20 (1977), 72-89

A.F.J.Klijn, The Single One

in

the

Gospel

of Thomas, Journal of Biblical Literature

81

(1962), 271-8

T.Koonammakkal,

Early

Christian monastic origins: a general introduction in the context

of Syriac Orient, The Christian Orient 13 (1992), 139-62

F.E.Morard, Monachos, moine: histoire du

terme

gree

jusqu'au

IVe siecle, Freiburger

Zeitschrift rur Philosophie und Theologie 20 (1973), 332-411

R.Murray, The exhortation to candidates for ascetical vows at baptism in the ancient Syriac

Church,

New Testament

Studies 21

1974/5),

59-80



" , The features

of

the earliest Christian asceticism,

in

Christian Spirituality: essays in

honour of

E.G.Rupp

(1975), 65-77

t ,The

characteristics

of

the earliest Syriac christianity, in N.Garsoian, T.Mathews and

R.Thomson (eds), East of

Byzantium:

Syria and Armenia

in

the Formative

PEriod

(1982), 3-16

P.

Nagel,

Die

Motivierung der Askese

in

der alten Kirche und der Ursprung des Monchtums

(Texte

u.

Untersuchungen 95, 1966)

G . Nedungatt,

th

covenanters

of

the early Syriac-speaking church, Orientalia Christiana

Periodica

39

(1973),

191-215,

419-44

\

C.Stewart, Working the

.\ri1,of

the Heart:Thi

v t u > t \ . ~ I · e \ M ~ ~ h s ~ ~ : r

~ ~ . . I f ~ i ( l ~ t ) -

A.Voobus,

Celibacy,

a

requirement for admission to baptism

in

the early church (1951)

" ,I.e

reflet

du monachisme

primitif

dans les

ecrits d'Ephrem

Ie Syrien, L'Orient Syrien

4 (1959),

" ,The institution

of

the benai qeiama and benat qeiama

in

the ancient Syriac Church,

Church History

30

(1961), 19-27

t

,History

of

Asceticism

in

the

Syrian

Orient I-III (CSCO Subsidia, 1958, 1960, i j

O.Winkler,

The

origins

and idiosyncrasies of

the

earliest form

of

asceticism,

in

W.Skudlarek

(ed.), The Continuing Quest for

God:

Monastic Spirituality in Tradition and

Transition (Collegeville

1982),

9-43

Terminology:

(1)

i\rldayalmonachos

'unique, individual' itUdaya --- ) monachos

'single, celibate'

monk

'solitary, hermit'

Other

senses

of

qtidaya: related to the Ihida(ya), 'Only-Begotten ' (monogenes)

'single-minded, unified'

(2)

some

other terms:

abila, abiluta 'mourner, state

of

mourning'

aksenaya (from

Greek

xenos) 'stranger (to the

world); =

Syriac nukraya

btulalbtulta, btuluta

'virgin

mit). virginity'

dayraya 'monk' (standard later

term

for cenobitic monk)

qaddisha

(lit.

'holy') married person

who has

renounced

intercourse

(cp

Exo(1.19:

10, 15)

qyama conventionally translated 'covenant'; bar/bat/bnay qyama, 'son/daughter/sons of

the

covenant', ie

members

of

the qyama

Uraya 'belonging to the mountain',

ie

hermit living

on

mountains

msarrquta 'self-emptying, renunciation'



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late 7th oent.

A.D.

8th/9th

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1 th

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14th cent.

15th

cent.

18th cent.

19th

cento

20th cento

Translations of

Isaao

of

Nineveh

Q ~ ~

I

SYRIAC

G R E E ~ \

/ ARABIC

r o ~ U N

mHIOPIC

lATIN

POR'l'U- SPANISH

FRENCH

l rALIAN

\ ~

-

GUleS 1489) (1500)

. , CAThlA\N

edition

of

Greek text

(1770)

/

~ ~ M N I N

(1781)

RUSSIAN

1854 )

1911) MODERN .

GRF K

Russian

(187

1

)

i

ocalia

1884)

/

edi

ENGLISH

(19

2

3)

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