Download - 'Beacons in the Dark': Painted Murals of Amitābha’s Western Pure Land at Dunhuang.

5/16/2018 'Beacons in the Dark': Painted Murals of Amit bha s Western Pure Land at Dunhua...

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/beacons-in-the-dark-painted-murals-of-amitabhas-western-pure-la

:

Fijnml~ ol rhi Bjve1 [jolrib Gyvjd~ mc JgorĊ fhj‟~ Pi~rivl [yvi Djlb jr Bylhyjl`,

Cvibboi Gjrrhip~



6

—Rhi gjl vifmvl ol Hijsil

Cvmg j dmry~ hi igivìb

Jlìd~ hmsiv jvmylb hog

[irjd~ vmrjri firpiil ~{jni~$

Jlb ìlrdi gy~on ilnhjlr~ rhi ~e,

Hivi O ilam rhi nidi~rojd fdo~~

Firriv rhjl O ~rj ol {jvjbo~i,‗

Jlmlgmy~ Bylhyjl` Gmle mc rhi 8rh nilryv,



>

Rhi ^yejhjsjrosyhj (^yrvj mc rhi Djlb mc Fdo~~/ pj~ mli mc rhi cov~r ~yrvj~ isiv rvjl~djrib olrm

Nholi~i ol rhi ijv :20 NI, o ôlni or~ olni{roml olrm Nholj$ rhi Pi~rivl [yvi Djlb mc Jgor Ċfhj

(‘^yehjsjro‟/ hj~ nj{rosjrib rhi Nholi~i ogjòljroml cjv gmvi {vmcmylbd rhjl jl mrhiv ~yrvj,oo Rho~ o~

isobilr f rhi cjnr rhjr gmvi rhjl mli cocrh mc jdd Gjhîîlj ~yrvj~ mc Olbojl mvoòl ol rhi Nholi~i

Fybbho~r Njlml gilroml Jgor Ċfhj jlb ho~ [yvi Djlb,: Cyvrhivgmvi$ Rhi [yvi Djlb mc ^yehjsjro o~ f

cjv rhi gm~r {m{ydjv ‘aol`fojl‟ (oddy~rvjroml mc j ~yrvj/ ol rhi ilrovi Bylhyjl` njsi {vinolnr$ j{{ijvol`

j rmrjd mc io`hr cmyv rogi~ ol gyvjd cmvg, Rho~ i~~j ~ir~ myr rm rvjni$ bo~ny~~ jlb bojnhvmlonjdd

ixjgoli rhi bisidm{gilr mc Bylhyjl` gyvjd~ mc ^yehjsjro rhvmy`h j nmlbil~ib jljd~o~ mc ~{inocon

bi{onroml~, Jl vicivilni rm ‘Gm`jm‟ olndybi~ rhi njsi~ mc rhi ilrovi Bylhyjl` viòml, Doeipo~i$ jl

gilroml mc Jgorjy~ ~og{d viciv~ rm Jgor Ċfhj rhiov ljgi~ fiol` rhi ~jgi ol ijvd Nholi~i

Fybbho~g, ooo Jl vicivilni rm rhi Jgorîfhj ^yrvj viciv~ rm rhi ‘^hmvriv ^yehĊsjr ĥ sťhj ^ ťrvj‟,

Rhi rvjainrmv mc Nholi~i Fybbho~g njl fi rvjnib porh ylvosjddib sosobli~~ rhvmy`h rhi njsirig{di

gyvjd~ mc Bylhyjl` (燏煄/$ @jl~y [vmsolni$ Pi~rivl Nholj, Olbiib$ Bylhyjl` o~ jv`yjfd rhi fi~r

{vi~ivsib Fybbho~r rig{di nmg{dix vigjolol` ol J~oj, J~ ^jvjh Cvj~iv hj~ nmggilrib$ —ol fvijbrh jlb

vjlì mc mfainr~ or vosjd~ rhi [mrjdj [jdjni ol Rofir,‗6 Rhvmy`hmyr or~ sjvoib gyvjd bi{onroml~$ rhivi o~ mli

nml~o~rilr jvro~ron jlb vidoòmy~ cijryvi rhjr j{{ijv~ rm vi~o~r rhi og{ivgjlilni (jlorj/ mc rogi5

bi{onroml~ mc ‘ ^yehĊsjr ĥ‟ $os rhi `dmvomy~ ‘Pi~rivl [jvjbo~i‟ mc JgorĊ fhj rhi Fybbhj mc Fmylbdi~~ Do`hr,>

Rhvmy`hmyr rhi jvr mc Bylhyjl`$ ̀ ilivjroml~ mc jvro~r~ hjsi ~rvosil rm bi{onr rho~ pmlbvmy~ djlb rhvmy`h

so~yjdd ~ryllol` ‘{dij~yvi~nj{i~‟ rhjr {mvrvj or~ gjai~r ol j pj rhjr pj~ nj{rosjrol`$ nmg{iddol` jlb

jfmsi jdd pmvrh mc j~{ovjroml,

Rhi fj~on bmnrvoli~ nmlnivlol` rhi [yvi Djlb mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ jvi cmylb ol rhvii njlmlonjd GjhĊ Ċlj rixr~1

rhi Dmlìv ^yehĊsjr ĥ sťhj ^ ťrvj$ rhi ^hmvriv ^yehĊsjr ĥ sťhj ^ ťrvjs (^yrvj~ ml rhi Djlb mc Fdo~~/ jlb

: Fibyhl$ Aj~ml Bjsob, Ib~, 6;;9, Lip Do`hr ml Gjlonhjio~g, Fvodd$ Lirhivdjlb~$ {, 6;>,6 Cvj~iv$ ^jvjh, I, 6;;2, [ivcmvgol` rhi So~yjd1 Rhi [vjnroni mc Fybbho~r Pjdd [jolrol` ol Nholj jlb Nilrvjd J~oj$ 3:8?3;,^rjlcmvb Ylosiv~or [vi~~$ {, >,



2

rhi Jgor ĊyvbhĊlj ^yrvjso (So~yjdoqol` Jgorjy~ ^yrvj/, Rhi~i rixr~ jvi fidoisib rm hjsi fiil

nmg{m~ib ol Lmvrhpi~r Olboj ol @jlbhjvo mv j vidjrib Lmvrhpi~rivl [vjevor djl`yjì jvmylb :;; NI, 2soo

^yehĊ sjr

ĥ pj~ nmlniosib mc j~ —j {jvjbo~i ylnmllinrib porh myv ~{jni jlb rogi$‗

9

{vi~obib msiv f rhi

Fybbhj JgorĊ fhj$ rhi fvoddojlni mc phmg o~ gij~yvidi~~5 —oddygoljrol` rhi djlb~ mc rhi ril bovinroml~

isivphivi porhmyr mf~rvynroml,‗3 Porhol rho~ —hibmlo~r {jvjbo~i‗0 j~ Qpjdc njdd~ or$ or o~ ~job rhjr dosol`

fiol`~$ —ilbyvi lmli mc rhi ~yccivol`~ (mc doci/$ fyr ilam isiv fdo~~,‗8 Cyvrhivgmvi$ jdd rhm~i vifmvl ol

^yehĊ sjr ĥ pivi —jsjosjvroej‗ ? (‘lmlviryvlol`‟/$ gijlol` —coljd dofivjroml ol rho~ djlb pmydb fi

j~~yvib,‗:; Olbiib$ rho~ pj~ rhi nmg{j~~omljri nmggorgilr mc rhi Fybbhj JgorĊ fhj$ phm nvijrib

^yehĊ sjr ĥ j~ j {djni rm rvjl~gor rhi Bhjvgj rm ijnh jlb isiv j~{ovjlr phm ijvli~rd olsmeib ho~ ljgi, sooo

Rhi gmle Hyoyjl (>>22:3/ o~ mcril nviborib porh rhi cmylbol` mc rhi cov~r [yvi Djlb ~mnoir ol Nholj

(‘rhi Phori Dmry~ ^mnoir mc Gr, Dy‟/ ol 2;6$ ox jdrhmy`h rhi cov~r mcconojd {jrvojvnh mc rhi [yvi Djlb ~inr j~ j

{m{ydjv bismromljd cjorh pj~ ol cjnr rhi gmle Rjldyjl (203926/,x J~ rhi ismdyroml mc njsi gyvjd~ jr

Bylhyjl` ~iig rm ~y`ì~r hmpisiv$ or pj~ rhi cov~r hjdc mc rhi Rjl` {ivomb rhjr pj~ gm~r bii{d jccinrib

f [yvi Djlb fidoic~,xo Lmlirhidi~~$ phod~r rhi fyde mc rhi io`hr cmyv lmrjfdi vi{vi~ilrjroml~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ

jr Bylhyjl` pivi mvoòljdd {jolrib byvol` rhi Rjl` Blj~r$ or~ bi{onroml ixrilbib jnvm~~ rhi ilrovi

fvijbrh mc rhi njsi~, Mli mc rhi ijvdoi~r bi{onroml~ nmgi~ cvmg njsi 69: bjrol` rm rhi Lmvrhivl Pio

{ivomb (>839>2 NI/$ phivi pi colb j ~dilbiv$ ~mgfiv$ ir rvjlzyod bi{onroml mc JgorĊ fhj cdjleib f ho~

rpm jrrilbol` Fmbho~jrrsj~$ Jsjdmeoriŕ sjvj (@yjlol/ jlb GjhĊ~rhĊgj{vĊ{rj$ phm cjorhcydd vigjol f

ho~ ~obi ol isiv vi{vi~ilrjroml mc rhi ^yehĊ sjr ĥ [yvi Djlb jr Bylhyjl` cvmg rho~ {molr mlpjvb, (îi

CO@, :/,

2 Fibyhl$ m{ nor$ {, 6;2,9 Ml rhi [jrvmljì f Rjl`Blj~r Lyl~ jr Pjlcm @vmrrm$ Dml`gil, GnLjov$ Jg1 Jvrofy~ J~oji$ Smd, 9?$ Lm, >-2 (6;;;/$ {, :09,3 ‘^yehjsjrosyhj‟ (Rhi Jgorjfhj ^yrvj/$ Dm{iq$ Bmljdb, Ib~, 6;;2, Fybbho~r ^nvo{ryvi~, [il`yol Fmme~$ Dmlbml$ {, 3>,0 Qpjdc$ P, Ib, :?89, Fybbho~g1 Jvr jlb Cjorh , Fvoro~h Gy~iyg [yfdonjroml~ Drb$ Dmlbml$ {, :3,8 ‘^yehjsjrosyhj‟ (Rhi Jgorjfhj ^yrvj/$ Dm{iq$ Bmljdb$ m{ nor,$ {, 32,? Ofob, :; ‘Ml [yvi Djlb Fybbho~g jlb Nh'jl-[yvi Djlb ^lnviro~g ol Giboisjd Nholj‟$ ^hjvc$ Vmfivr H1 R'myl` [jm$ înmlb îvoi~$ Smd,88$ Cj~n, 2-9 (6;;6/$ {, 683,



9

CO@ :1 JgorĊ fhj cdjleib f Jrrilbol` Fmbho~jrrsj~ porh nidi~rojd gy~onojl~ msivhijb$ Bylhyjl`$ Njsi69:$ Lmvrhivl Pio {ivomb (>839>2 NI/, Ol Phorcoidb$ (:??9/,

Ol rho~ ijvd gyvjd mli gj lmri rhi jvro~ronjdd igfvmlon (jlb jdgm~r ‘fjohyj‟/ bi{onroml mc rhi co`yvi~$

phonh ~hmpnj~i rhi {h~onjd jlb ~jvrmvojd cijryvi~ mc rhi Pi~rivl viòml~ (ljgid Nilrvjd J~oj/$ rhi

jvro~r njyromy~d cmddmpol` rhi {vi~nvofib —{vmrmr{i~ jlb jvro~ron {volno{di~ i~rjfdo~hib f cmvio`l

gmbid~,‗::

Cmddmpol` rhi bindoli mc rhi Lmvrhivl Pio$ bi{onroml~ mc ̂ yehĊ sjr ĥ jr Bylhyjl` nmlrolyib byvol` rhi

Pi~rivl Pio jlb Lmvrhivl Qhmy ol j ~ogodjv siol, F rhi rogi rhjr rhi @jl~y viòml finjgi {jvr mc j

:: ‘Cmyv ônhyjl Fybbho~r ^ridi~ jlb rhi Fiòllol`~ mc [yvi Djlb Ogjìv ol Nholj,‟ Pml`$ Bmvmrh N1 Jvnhosi~ mc J~ojl Jvr$ Smd, 9:(:??8-:???/$ {, 93



3

viylorib Nholj ylbiv rhi fvoic$ ir ho`hd olcdyilrojd `msivljlni mc rhi ^yo Blj~r (98?3:8 NI/

hmpisiv$ gyvjd~ bi{onrol` ^yehĊ sjr ĥ pivi finmgol` j cjv gmvi nmg{dix$ djso~h jlb ogj`oljrosi jccjov,

Phil rhi Rjl` Blj~r (3:8?;0 NI/ jvvosib$ bi{onroml~ mc rho~ djlb fi`jl ~hmpnj~ol` yl{vinibilrib

sorjdor jlb dosidoli~~,

J~ pi {j~~ rhvmy`h rhi `vjlb$ gydro~rmvi ilrvjlni mc Njsi 90 (Ijvd Rjl`1 3:80;9/$ pi colb j gyvjd mc

JgorĊ fhj (cdjleib f Jsjdmeoriŕ sjvj jlb GjhĊ~rhĊgj{vĊ{rj/$ {vijnhol` ol ho~ [yvi Djlb, Hi o~

~yvvmylbib f j r{onjd ‘Rhmy~jlbFybbhj gmroc‟$ j ~nhigi rhjr jrrig{rib rm nmlsi rhi rvjl~nilbilr

jlb olcolori ljryvi mc rhi Fybbhj vijdg~, (^ii CO@, >/,

CO@ 6 (dicr/1 Jsjdmeoriŕsjvj (@yjlol/, ^myrh pjdd mc njsi 90$ Bylhyjl`, (Ijvd Rjl` [ivomb$ ijvd0 rh

nilryv/, Bylhyjl` Jnjbig Mldoli,

CO@ > (jfmsi vo`hr jlb fidmp vo`hr/1 Jgor Ċfhj ol ho~ Pi~rivl [yvi Djlb , ^myrh pjdd mc njsi 90$

Bylhyjl`, (Ijvd Rjl` [ivomb$ ijvd0rh nilryv/, Bylhyjl` Jnjbig Mldoli,



0

Rhi rhvii nilrvjd co`yvi~ jvi jdd ol {ivcinr {vm{mvroml jlb vjbojri rhi irhivijd sorjdor rhjr pmydb finmgi

nhjvjnrivo~ron mc {jolrol`~ jr Bylhyjl` y{ ylrod rhi djri 8rh nilryv, Cyvrhivgmvi$ ~ynh ijvd Rjl` gyvjd~

~hmpnj~ib$ —rhi vo~ol` {mpiv jlb {vm~{ivor mc rhi vydol` Do cjgod$‗:6 bigml~rvjrol` rho~ porh djso~h

jgmylr~ mc òdr, Olbiib$ ol njsi 90 JgorĊ fhj‟~ cjni$ fjvib vo`hr ~hmydbiv$ jlb rhi Fmbho~jrrsj~‟ hjdm~ jlb

mvljgilrjroml pivi jdd òdbib jr mli rogi$xoo jdrhmy`h gynh mc rho~ o~ lmp dm~r,

Jd~m mc lmri ol rho~ gyvjd$ o~ rhi bo~rolnrd iccigoljri vi{vi~ilrjroml mc Jsjdmeoriŕ sjvj phm~i bidonjri

`vjni i{ormgoqi~ rhi cigoloqjroml mc rhi bioroi~ jlb rhi nidi~rojd fiol`~ rhjr pj~ mnnyvvol` lmr mld porhol

rhi gyvjd~ mc Bylhyjl`$ fyr jdd jnvm~~ Nholj byvol` rhi Rjl` Blj~r, (îi CO@, 6/,

Bi~{ori rhiov —rjb{mdi~hj{ib gy~rjnhi~$‗ Rjl` Fmbho~jrrsj~ ~ynh j~ Jsjdmeoriŕ sjvj jvi ndijvd

vi{vi~ilrib jr Bylhyjl` j~ idi`jlr djboi~ mc rhi nmyvr$ rhy~ jfjlbmlol` rhi vmfy~r jlb —hivmon

{m~ryvi~‗:> rhjr rhi hjb fmj~rib ol ijvdoiv Nilrvjd J~ojl bi{onroml~$ ~ynh j~ rho~ ~nyd{ryvi mc Sjavj{Ċlo

cvmg @jlbhjvj,xooo (îi CO@, 2/,

CO@ 21 Sjavj{jlo$ fjeib ijvrh porh rvjni~ mc {mdnhvmg$ Hjbbj$ Rj{ji~hmrmv$ >vb2rh nilryvoi~,Fi`yol$ 6;;?$ {, 6:3,

:6 Nhyl`$ Rjl, :??2, Bylhyjl` Jvr1 Rhvmy`h rhi Ii~ mc Byjl Pilaoi, Jfholjs [yfdonjroml~$ Lip Bidho$ {, 0>,:> Ofob$ {, 0>,



8

Gmsol` olrm Njsi 66; (Ijvd Rjl`$ 326 NI/$ pi colb —rhi ndogjx mc rvjl~cmvgjroml‗ :2 phivi —rhi

olbi{ilbilni mc Nholi~i Fybbho~g‗:9 o~ jr dj~r {vmybd ~rjrib, xos Rhi gyvjd mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ o~ gmlygilrjd

ol ~oqi jlb ixybi~ j `vjlbiyv rhjr nmlrvj~r~ porh rhi ~gjddiv$ gmvi gmbi~r bi{onroml~ rhjr hjb {vinibib

or5 cmvgol` —jl oggil~i nm~gon ~{inrjndi‗:3 rhjr ~ivsib rm —nmlsolni rhi ~{inrjrmv~ rhjr rhi {jvjbo~i o~

vijd$ jlb pidd ficmvi rhiov ii~,‗:0xs Iyìli Pjl` hj~ nmolib rho~ cmvg mc yrodorjvojl Fybbho~r {jolrol`$ j

‘rvjl~cmvgjroml rjfdijyx,‟:8 Njsi 66; jd~m j{{ijv~ rm fi rhi mdbi~r ixrjlr bi{onroml mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ jr

Bylhyjl` rhjr jrrig{r~ rm jnnyvjrid vinml~rvynr rhi cijryvi~ cmylb ol rhi JgorĊ fhj ~yrvj~$ sosobd

vinml~rvynrol`$ —j Djlb mc Ydrogjri Fdo~~ (phivi/ isivrhol` o~ ~yvvmylbib f ~isil roiv~ mc

vjodol`~$ ~isil djiv~ mc lirrol`$ jlb ~isil vmp~ mc rvii~$ jdd cmvgib cvmg rhi cmyv rvij~yvi~$ (y{ml j/

`vmylb rhjr o~ iddmp `mdb,‗:? (îi CO@, 9 /,

:2 Fjeiv$ Ajlir, :??:, Rhi Jvr mc rhi ^yo Blj~r njsi~ jr Bylhyjl` , Ylosiv~or mc Ejl~j~$ Jll Jvfmv$ GO$ {, 698,:9 Rjljej$ Eillirh E, :??;, Rhi bjpl mc Nholi~i [yvi Djlb Fybbho~r Bmnrvoli1 Nholòl` Hyoôjl'~ Nmggilrjv ml rhiSo~yjdoqjroml ~yrvj, ^rjri Ylosiv~or mc Lip _mve [vi~~$ Jdfjl$ {, :;>,:3 Qpjdc$ P, Ib, :?89, Fybbho~g1 Jvr jlb Cjorh , Fvoro~h Gy~iyg [yfdonjroml~ Drb$ Dmlbml$ {, :3,:0 Nhyl`$ Rjl, :??2, M{ nor,$ { >0,:8 Pjl`$ Iyìli$ _, 6;;9, ^hj{ol` rhi Dmry~ ^yrvj1 Fybbho~r So~yjd Nydryvi ol Giboisjd Nholj, Ylosiv~or mc Pj~hol`rml [vi~~$îjrrdi$ {, xooo,:? ‘^yehjsjrosyhj‟ (Rhi Jgorjfhj ^yrvj/$ Dm{iq$ Bmljdb, M{ nor,$ {, 39,



?

CO@ 91 Rhi [jvjbo~i mc JgorĊ fhj ( ^yejhjsjrosyhj/, ^myrh pjdd mc Njsi 66;$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ijvd Rjl`$326 NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/, [djri 39,


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/beacons-in-the-dark-painted-murals-of-amitabhas-western-pure-lan

:;

Byvol` rho~ ivj mc olnvij~ib nvijrosor jlb ollmsjroml (lmr mld ol Fybbho~r jvr$ fyr ol Nholi~i Fybbho~r

nydryvi j~ j phmdi/$ pi colb —rhi {jvjddid mvrhm`mljd {iv~{inrosi‗ 6; olhivorib cvmg Hjl vi{djnib f j

—nmlsivìlr$ gydro{disoip{molr {iv~{inrosi‗6: phonh djvìd cmvgib rhi fj~on nmg{m~oroml mc rhi

bi{onroml~ mc [yvi Djlb~ rhjr pmydb cmddmp$ isil rm rhi {vi~ilr bj, J~ Ajlir Fjeiv lmri~ mc rho~

nhjvjnrivo~ronjdd Rjl` cijryvi1 —or o~ j ylocoib$ ~ggirvonjd jlb onmlon ~nhigi phonh o~ ~rjron jlb cdjr

bi~{ori or~ yrodoqjroml mc doli~ mc {iv~{inrosi ol rhi jvnhorinryvjd idigilr~,‗66 Rho~ ‘fovb‟~ii {iv~{inrosi‟

~eoddcydd ~mdsib rhi {vmfdig mc so~yjdd vi{vi~ilrol` rhi bi{rh mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ ol j nmlcolib ~{jni jddmpol`$

—rhi og{vi~~oml mc j rhmy~jlb godi~ (rm fi/ nmlbil~ib olrm j bo~rjlni mc j ~rmli‟~ rhvmp‗6>xso

Hmpisiv$ rhi ig{dmgilr mc rho~ fovb‟~ ii {iv~{inrosi ~hmydb lmr ~mdid fi nviborib rm rhi Rjl` Blj~r,

J~ Bmvmrh Pml` lmrib ol :???$ j Fybbho~r ~ridi vinilrd cmylb ol ônhyjl bjrol` cvmg firpiil rhi djri

9rh jlb ijvd 3rh nilryv NI jd~m yrodoqi~ jl ixrvigid ~ogodjv {iv~{inrosi ol or~ bi{onroml~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ ,

(îi CO@, 3j'n/,

CO@ 3j (dicr/1 [yvi Djlb bi{onroml porh ~inydjv djlb~nj{i, Vyffol` mc Pjlcm~o ^ridi : cvmg Pjlcm~o ~ori$Nhil`by$ ônhyjl$ 9rhijvd 3rh nilryv, Vyffol` ol ônhyjl [vmsolnojd Gy~iyg, Ol Bmvmrh Pml`$ {9?

6; Pml`$ Bmvmrh, M{ nor,$ {, 936: Ofob,$ {, 9366 Fjeiv$ Ajlir, M{ nor,$ {, 69?,6> Nhyl`$ Rjl, M{ nor,$ {, 89,



::

CO@ 3f (nilrvi/1 [yvi Djlb bi{onroml porh ~inydjv djlb~nj{i, Visiv~i mc Pjlcm~o ^ridi : cvmg Pjlcm~o~ori$ Nhil`by$ ônhyjl$ 9rhijvd 3rh nilryv, Vyffol` ol ônhyjl [vmsolnojd Gy~iyg, Ol Bmvmrh Pml`${9? Ol Bmvmrh Pml`$ {9?

CO@ 3n (vo`hr/1 Vinml~rvynroml mc ~ridi : cvmg Pjlcm~o ~ori$ Nhil`by$ ônhyjl$ 9rhijvd 3rh nilryv,Vyffol` ol ônhyjl [vmsolnojd Gy~iyg, Ol Bmvmrh Pml`$ {9?

Porhol fmrh rhi~i ~ridi~ jlb njsi 66;$ pi colb j vinibol` fvobì rhjr vijnhi~ msiv j dmry~ {mlb$ dijbol`

rmpjvb~ JgorĊ fhj‟~ rhvmli, Rho~ fvobì pmydb finmgi —j ei onmlm`vj{hon idigilr mc [yvi Djlb

ogjìv‗62 cvmg rho~ {molr mlpjvb~ j~ j ~gfmd mc ‘rvjl~oroml‟ firpiil rhi gylbjli pmvdb jlb rhi

Fybbhj vijdg rhi djlb mc ‘~jhj‟ (‘rvjl~cmvgjroml‟$ N1 hyjry/,69 (îi CO@, 0 /,

CO@ 01 Birjod~ mc Rhi [jvjbo~i mc Jgor Ċfhj ( ^yejhjsjrosyhj/, ^myrh pjdd mc Njsi 66;$ Bylhyjl`$(Ijvd Rjl`$ 326 NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/, [djri 39,

@osil rhi mfsomy~ jbsjlrjì mc fiol` jfdi rm bi{onr rhi ~nili ol nmdmyv jr Bylhyjl`$ rho~ fvobì o~

nmg{m~ib mc phjr ~iig doei ‘{djri~‟ mc ~hoggivol` {vinomy~ girjd~, Porh rho~ ol golb or o~ {ivrolilr rm

62 Pml`$ Bmvmrh N,$ m{ nor,$ {, 9869 Ofob,$ {, 30



:6

ryvl rm rhi bi~nvo{roml~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ ol rhi ~yrvj~ phonh bi~nvofi rhi jvnhorinryvi mc rho~ {jvjbo~i j~ fiol`

nmg{m~ib mc$ —`mdb$ ~odsiv$ dj{o~ djqydo$ jlb nv~rjd5‗63 gjrivojd~ phonh nmydb gjrnh y{ porh rhi~i {djri~,

Cyvrhivgmvi$ rhi (jdgm~r rvjlniolbynol`/ jvvjlìgilr mc rhi~i ~zyjvi {jlid~ gj jd~m fi vicivilnol`

govvmvhjdd~ (jlb rhi ‘govvmvdoei‟ zyjdoroi~ mc rhi Bhjvgj or~idc/5 j nmggml so~yjd girj{hmv mc rhi

Gjhîîlj$ mcril jbm{rib porhol rhi _m`ĊnĊvj mv ‘Nml~nomy~li~~Mld‟ ~nhmmd (Pïo~hç Q Ňl`5唭識宐/,

(îi CO@, 8'?/,

CO@ 81 Ixjg{di mc nmyvr jlb vidoòmy~ y~jì mc govvmvhjdd~$ Pmmbfdmne {volr oddy~rvjroml mc nhj{riv >:mc Rhi Vmgjlni mc Ig{ivmv _jl` mc ^yo$ :3>:$ Vjdi Fmme Nmddinroml$ Hjvsjvb_ilnhol` Dofvjv, Ol Pjl`$(6;;9/$ {, 698

CO@ ?1 Gmbivl vinml~rvynroml mc Cjqjl`‟~ govvmv ol~rjddjroml f Sonrmvoj O$ j Fm~rml jvro~r$ fj~ib mlgiboisjd Nholi~i bi~nvo{roml, Ol Pjl`$ (6;;9/$ {, 69?

Iorhiv ~obi mc rho~ fvobì$ pi colb ~hoggivol` ‘vjrlj{mlb~‟5 —{mmd~ mc rhi ~isil aipid~$ coddib porh rhi

io`hr pjriv~ mc givor jlb sovryi‗ y{ml phonh cdmjr —dmry~i~ j~ djvì j~ njvvojì phiid~‣pmlbivcydd$

cvj`vjlr jlb {yvi,‗60 Y{ml mli mc rhi~i dmry~ {djrcmvg~$ jgml`~r aipid~ jlb dyxyvojlr siìrjroml rhivi o~

j co`yvi {vm~rvjrol` ficmvi JgorĊ fhj, (îi CO@, :;/, Or o~ olrivi~rol` rm {jvjddid rho~ {vm~rvjrol` co`yvi

63 ^yehjsjrosyhj‟ (Rhi Jgorjfhj ^yrvj/$ Dm{iq$ Bmljdb, M{ nor,$ {, 39,60 Ofob,



:>

porh rhjr mc ^ygibhj$ phm {vm~rvjri~ hog~idc ficmvi Bo{jlejvj Fybbhj ol rhi cjgmy~ Bo{jlejvj gmroc

(îi CO@, ::/5 jl ogjì ~nhigi rhjr hjb fiil {m{ydjv ol ijvdoiv @jlbhjvjl Fybbho~r jvr,

CO@ :;1 [vm~rvjrol` bismrii mc Jgor Ċfhj, ^myrh pjdd mc Njsi 66;$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ijvd Rjl`$ 326 NI/,

Phorcoidb$ (:??9/, [djri 39,

CO@ ::1 Bo{jlejvj Fybbhj‟~ {vm{hin, Nj, djri :~r6lb nilryv, Mli mc :> vidoic {jlid~ ml novnydjv fj~i mc ôevo ^ry{j$ @jlbhjvj, @vi ~nho~r1 h, >>ng$ p, >9ng$ Djhmvi Gy~iyg,

Ol jlmrhiv {mmd pi colb rhi lj~nilr cmvg~ mc lipd fmvl bismrii~ (‘Jy{j{jbjej Eygjvj~‟ 68

/ phm igivì

cvmg `vijr dmry~ fyb~ rm nidifvjri rhiov coljd ixo~rilni, xsoo (îi CO@, :>/, Jfmsi rho~ ~nili o~ j fmylbdi~~

fdyi ~e olhjforib f cdol` `jlbhjvsj~ (‘xojlòl ~hil‟5 dorivjdd$ ‘`mb~ mc cvj`vjlr gy~on‟/ jlb j{~jvj~

(‘yvil‟/, (îi CO@, :6/, Lmrjfd$ rhi~i cdol` co`yvi~ jvi jl ollmsjrosi bi{jvryvi cvmg rhi Olbojl

nmylriv{jvr~$ ol rhjr rhi cdmjr y{ml pho~{$ nmdmyvib ndmyb~,

68 Nhyl`$ Rjl, M{ nor,$ {, :2:,



:2

CO@ :6 (dicr jlb jfmsi vo`hr/1 Cdol` J{~jvj~ vobol` nmdmyvib ndmyb~, ^myrh pjdd mc Njsi 66;$ Bylhyjl`$(Ijvd Rjl`$ 326 NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/, [djri :9>,

CO@ :> (fidmp vo`hr/1 ^myd~ vifmvlcvmgdmry~i~, ^myrh pjdd mc Njsi 66;$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ijvd Rjl`$ 326NI/, Bylhyjl` Jnjbig Mldoli,

Porh ~ynh birjod~ rhi Bylhyjl` jvro~r pj~ j~~ivrol` ho~ jfodor rm nmlsi —rhi gjònjd {mpiv mc rhi

~rmvoi~$‗6? jlb bi{onr j nidi~rojd ixrvjsj`jlqj mc ~rjì {ivcmvgjlni rhjr nmydb —ilrivrjol jlb ixnori rhi

soipiv‗>; phod~r nmlsiol` —rhi gjònjd pmvdb mc Fybbho~g,‗>: Rho~ olnvij~ol`d ‘{ivcmvgjrosi‟ zyjdor mc

mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ o~ jd~m igfmboib f rhi rpm nilrvjd bjlniv~ phm ilivìronjdd {ivcmvg rhi ‘Rhi Hy ^povdol`

Bjlni$‟ j cmvio`l vmyroli ixrvigid {m{ydjv byvol` rhi nm~gm{mdorjl Rjl` Blj~r, (îi CO@, :2/,

6? Nhyl`$ Rjl,$ {, 02,>; Cvj~iv$ m{ nor,$ {{, :08:0?>: Ofob,$ {663



:9

CO@ :21 Birjod mc Bjlniv~ {ivcmvgol` rhi Hy ^povdol` Bjlni, ^myrh pjdd mc Njsi 66;$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ijvd Rjl`$ 326 NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/, [djri :0:,

Fidmp$ ml iorhiv ~obi mc rhi bjlniv~ o~ jl mvnhi~rvj mc io`hr gy~onojl~ (gjl mc phmg jvi ndijvd cmvio`l$

vicdinrol` rhi Rjl` Blj~r‟~ nm~gm{mdorjl nmg{m~oroml/$ phm ~or ml j nmdmyvib vy` {djol` gy~onjd

ol~rvygilr~ ~ynh j~ rhi Jl`ydjv Hjv{ (箔範/$ Vyjlxojl (阬咸/$ NvmmeibLine [o{j (囕絎曶頉琹琳/$

^rvjo`hrLine [o{j (互絎盲頉琹琳/,>6 (^ii CO@, :9/,

>6 ‘Rjl` Blj~r Gy~onjd Ol~rvygilr~‟ $ Ylosiv~or mc Hml` Eml` Gy~on Bi{jvrgilr1hrr{1--ppp,nyhe,iby,he-gy~-ol~rvygilr~-rjl`,hrgd



:3

CO@ :91 ^yehĊsjr ĥ Mvnhi~rvj, ^myrh pjdd mc Njsi 66;$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ijvd Rjl`$ 326 NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/,[djri~ :06:0>

J~ j {jvr mc ~ynh j `vjlb ~{inrjndi$ rhi ~{inrjrmv o~ jbgorrib ilrvjlni olrm rhi ilrivrjolgilr jlb

jbmvlgilr~ mc rhi nmlrig{mvjv Rjl` nmyvr, Ol j —hj{{ gjvvoj`i firpiil Rig{di Nydryvi jlb [jdjni

Nydryvi‗>>Nholi~i Fybbho~g pj~ nml~rvynrol` rhi [jvjbo~i mc JgorĊ fhj j~ j vi`ogilrib$ vonhd jbmvlib

og{ivojd djlb~nj{i vydib msiv f j pmvrh Njevjsjvrol (&eol` phm ryvl~ rhi Phiid mc rhi Djp,& J~ ^y~jl

>> Nhyl`$ Rjl, M{ nor,$ {, 2:,



:0

Phorcoidb lmri~$ rhi cylnroml mc ~ynh j ~nili pmydb —~hmpnj~i Nholi~i og{ivojd {mpiv,‗ >2 Rho~ o~ isobilr

jd~m ol njsi ::6 (n, 3?;0>; NI/$ phonh jbsivro~ib jl olnvij~ol`d ôlonoqib so~oml mc {jvjbo~i jdd jdml` rhi

lmvrh pjdd$ j bi{onroml mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ rhjr ol jl mrhiv nmlrixr go`hr fi go~rjeil cmv j Nholi~i nmyvr ~nili,

(îi CO@, :3/,

>2 Phorcoidb$ Vmbivone5 Phorcoidb$ ^y~jl5 J`lip$ Lisoddi, 6;;;, Njsi rig{di~ mc Gm`jm1 Jvr jlb Ho~rmv ml rhi ôde Vmjb , @irr Nml~ivsjroml Ol~roryri jlb rhi A, @irr Gy~iyg$ Dm~ Jlìdi~$ {, 3?,



:8

CO@ :31 So~yjdoqol` Jgorjy~ ^yrvj, Njsi ::6$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ho`h Rjl`$ n, 3?;0>; NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/,[djri 09,



:?

Ol rho~ gyvjd$ lmr mld bmi~ rhi jvnhorinryvi jlb dolijv ~rdi ixybi ôlono~g$ fyr ~m jd~m bm rhi ndmrhi~$

nmg{dixoml~ jlb {h~onjd cijryvi~ mc jdd rhi co`yvi~ {vi~ilr olndybol` rhm~i jgml`~r rhi mvnhi~rvj, (îi

CO@, :0 /, Phod~r JgorĊ fhj‟~ ilrovi fmb hj~ fiil {iidib cvmg rhi ~yvcjni mc rhi gyvjd (or pj~ doeid

nmsivib ol rhone òdr/$ rhi cigololi cjni~ mc rhi olbosobyjd~ rhjr ~yvvmylb hog jdd hjsi —cjni~ mc ajbi ~eol‗

jlb —dml` iifvmp~ ixrilbol` rm rhi rig{di~,‗>9 Cyvrhivgmvi$ rhi jdd j{{ijv ~mgiphjr nhyff$ porh

{vmlmylnib bmyfdi nhol~ —rhi siv ~gfmd mc {vm~{ivor‗>3 ol Nholj, Rho~ pj~ i~{inojdd rvyi jr j rogi

byvol` rhi Rjl` Blj~r phil rhi ‘{dyg{iv‟ {h~onjd cijryvi~ mc _êl` @yäc Ğo (楁貲妎/ hjb og{volrib

rhig~idsi~ ol rhi Nholi~i {~nhi j~ rhi siv {onryvi mc cigololi fijyr, Lmrjfd$ rho~ bmyfdi nhol finjgi

covgd igfibbib ol jdd mc rhi ogjì~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ rhjr cmddmpib jr Bylhyjl`$ gm~r {vmgolilrd jgml`

rhi {jolrol`~ mc bmlmv~,

>9 Nhyl`$ Rjl, M{ nor,$ {, 0>,>3 Ofob,$ {, 2;,



6;

CO@ :01 ^yehĊsjr ĥ Mvnhi~rvj, Njsi ::6$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ho`h Rjl`$ n, 3?;0>; NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/, [djri~

:0>:09,

^ri{{ol` olrm njsi :06 (nj, 026099 NI/$ pi colb rhi (lmp i~rjfdo~hib/ nmlsilroml~ jdvijb bo~ny~~ib

fiol` nmlrolyib, Hmpisiv cmv rhi cov~r rogi$ rpm ljvvjrosi {jlid~ sivronjdd cvjgi rhi ~nili, (ÎI

CO@YVI/ Rho~ ‘rvo{rnh‟ nmg{m~oroml gj ol djvì {jvr fi ~iil j~ j vi~{ml~i rm rhi bogolo~hol`

bobjnrono~g mc ijvdoiv {jolrol`~ rhjr y~ib nmg{iddol` ~rmvoi~ ~ynh j~ rhi A Ċrjej~ rm nmlsi Fybbho~r

rhigi~ jlb obij~, xsooo Porhol rhi~i m~ril~ofdi ‘gjvòl~‟ j{{ijv ~rmvoi~ cvmg rhi Dmry~ ^yrvj ~ynh j~ rhi

‘[jvjfdi mc rhi Nmlayvib Nor$‟ >0 mv rijnhol`~ ~ynh j~ rhi ‘:3 girhmb~ mc So~yjdoqol` Jgorjy~,‟ Ol rhi

nj~i mc njsi :06$ rhi ~rmvoi~ jvi mc Jajrj~jrvy jlb ^mbj~j So{j~jlj vi~{inrosid$ fmrh i~~ilrojdd

>0 Phorcoidb$ ^y~jl, M{ nor,$ {, 0?,



6:

oddy~rvjrol` rhi li`jrosi ejvgon nml~izyilni~ mc rhm~i phm nmggor pvml` bmol`~$ j~ pidd j~ rhi fdo~~ rm fi

jrrjolib f dosol` j doci mc sovryi, Rho~ —rhviiolmli‗ {jrrivl pmydb ~mml fi`ol —rm nv~rjddoqi olrm j ~ir

cijryvi‗>8 mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ bi{onroml~ jr Bylhyjl` dml` jcriv rhi nmddj{~i mc rhi Rjl`, (^ii CO@, :8$ :?/,

CO@ :81 So~yjdoqol` Jgorjy~ ^yrvj (Jgor ĊyvbhĊlj/, Njsi :06$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ho`h Rjl`5 026099 NI/,

Phorcoidb$ (:??9/,

>8 Nhyl`$ Rjl, M{ nor,$ {, :2:,



66

CO@ :?j (nilrvi/1 ^rjlbjvboqib nmg{m~oroml cmv oddy~rvjroml~ mc rhi Jgor ĊyvbhĊlj ^yrvj, Ol Nhyl`$Rjl$ {, :9>,

CO@ :?f (cjv dicr jlb vo`hr/1 Jajrj~jrvy jlb ^mbj~j So{j~jlj$ Birjod cvmg So~yjdoqol` Jgorjy~ ^yrvj, Njsi :06$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ho`h Rjl`5 026099 NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/,

J lip ivj mc rinhlonjd jfodor pj~ jd~m ~hmpnj~ib ol rho~ njsi f rhi —vi~{dilbilr jlb bjqqdol`

nmdmyvol`‗>? phonh ilvonhib or~ co`yvi~ porh dosidoli~~ jlb bi{rh, Hivi$ jl olnvij~ol` bogil~omljdor pj~

jnhoisib y~ol` phjr pj~ elmpl j~ rhi ‘rvjboromljd girhmb mc Hijsild Olboj‟ (Rojlqhy ocj/$2; j

rinhlozyi rhjr ~rvi~~ib ‘ylvjl‟ (nmdmyv ~hjbol`/ phivisiv {m~~ofdi, Rhi olcdyilni mc @y{rj Olboj ol rho~

njsi hmpisiv$ bmi~ lmr ilb porh or~ y~i mc ~hjbol`, Or~ bi{onroml mc Jsjdmeoriŕ sjvj (@yjlol/ jbm{r~ j

{vmcmylb {h~onjd doeili~~ rm rhjr mc rhi Jsjdmeoriŕ sjvj mc njsi : jr Jajlrj, (^ii CO@, 6; # 6:/,

>? Nhyl`$ Rjl, M{ nor,$ {, 02,2; Ofob,$ {, 38,



6>

CO@ 6;1 Birjod mc Fmbho~jrrsj Jsjdmeoriŕsjvj (@yjlol/, Njsi :06$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ho`h Rjl`5 026099 NI/,

Phorcoidb$ (:??9/, [djri 3>,

CO@ 6:1 Birjod mc Fmbho~jrrsj Jsjdmeoriŕsjvj ([jbgj{jlo/, Njsi :$ Jajlrj$ Olboj, >vb2rh NI, Ol Fihd$Film (6;;9/$ {, 3?,

Mli bo~rolnrd Nholi~i j~{inr mc rhi ^yehĊ sjr ĥ mc njsi :06 hmpisiv$ njl fi cmylb ol or~ {vmyb bi{onroml mc

r{onjd Nholi~i jvnhorinryvi, Pi colb vjo~ib$ gydro~rmvi {jsodoml~ porh nyvsib rodib `jfdib vmmc~ jlb

pmmbil vjcriv~ ~yvvmylbib f vjodol`~$ hmsivol` jfmsi ~hoggivol` dmry~ {mmd~ fi~obi~ ~rvoeol` ({vmrm

r{onjd/ djlb~nj{i~$ porh nmvvobmv~ rhjr nvo~~nvm~~ porh mli jlmrhiv rm dole rhi gj`loconilr fyodbol`~ rhjr

jfmylb, Fimlb gjeol` rhi ~nili nmg{iddol`$ rhi~i birjod~ jdd pilr rmpjvb~ gjeol` j fmdb {mdoronjd

~rjrigilr mc rhi Blj~r‟~ ~o`loconjlr rinhlmdm`onjd nj{jfodoroi~, (^ii CO@, 66/,



62

CO@ 661 Birjod~ cvmg So~yjdoqol` Jgorjy~ ^yrvj, Njsi :06$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ho`h Rjl`5 026099 NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/, [djri 0>,

J siv~oml mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ y{ml rhi lmvrh pjdd mc njsi 6:0 (0;908: NI/ nmlsi~ rhi olnvij~ol` {mdoronjd

ol~rjfodor mc rhi pmvdb fimlb rhi njsi~ jr rhi rogi mc or~ nvijroml, Jr rho~ rogi rhi Bylhyjl` jvij pj~

porli~~ol` olnvij~ib olrivljromljd rvjbi jlb fmvbiv ril~oml gm~r lmrjfd cvmg Ryayi (Ryve/ jlb Ryfm

(Rofir/$ phonh pivi igivòl` j~ —rpm {mpivcyd jlb jgforomy~ lio`hfmyv~ vijb rm olrvybi rhi Nholi~i

rivvormv jr jl rogi,‗2: Phod~r rhi Rjl` `msivlgilr pj~ `jdsjloqol` or~ `jvvo~ml cmvni~ ol rhi jvij rm

giir rhi lip nhjddilì~$ porhol rhi njsi~ or ~iig~ rhjr rhi Bylhyjl` jvro~r~ pivi ~rvosol` rm bi{onr j

bo~rolnrd$ jdgm~r {mdoronjdd ôlonoqib vi{vi~ilrjroml mc rhi Pi~rivl [jvjbo~i$ phonh ol ryvl pmydb ~rvi~~

Nholj‟~ pmvrh `yjvbojl~ho{ mc rhi Bhjvgj, J~ Rjl Nhyl` hj~ lmrib mc rho~ njsi$ —isivrhol` o~ siv

2: Ofob,$ {, >:,



69

Nholi~i$ porh rhi Fybbhj~$ Fmbho~jrrsj~ jlb cdol` jl`id~ hjsol` Nholi~i cijryvi~ cmv rhi gm~r {jvr$ ol

jbboroml rm rhi Nholi~i djlb~nj{i jlb dosol` birjod~ mc Nholi~i rvjboroml~ jlb ny~rmg~,‗26 Lmrjfdi jd~m$ o~

rho~ njsi‟~ nmlrolyjroml mc rhi ‘rvo{rnh‟ rvjboroml {visomy~d i~rjfdo~hib ol njsi :06$ ol rho~ nj~i

{mvrvjol` ‘Zyiil Sjobiho‟~ Giborjroml‟, (^ii CO@, 6>$ 62 # 69 /,

CO@ 6>1 [jvjbo~i mc Jgor Ċfhj, Njsi 6:0$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ho`h Rjl`1 0;908: NI/, Phorcoidb$ (:??9/, [djri 0>,

26 Ofob,$ {, >3,



63

CO@ 62 (dicr/1 Birjod mc [jvjbo~i mc Jgor Ċfhj, Njsi 6:0$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ho`h Rjl`1 0;908: NI/, Phorcoidb$(:??9/, [djri 3,

CO@ 69 (vo`hr/1 Fmbho~jrrsj~ porhol [jvjbo~i mc Jgor Ċfhj, Njsi 6:0$ Bylhyjl`$ (Ho`h Rjl`1 0;908:NI/, Ol Nhyl`$ Rjl$ {, 63;,

Or pj~ jr rho~ nvoronjd {molr rhjr rhi Jl Dy~hjl vifiddoml fvmei myr (099 NI/ ol Nholj$ dijsol` jl

ovvisiv~ofdi iccinr ml rhi ilrovi jvro~ron rvjainrmv mc Bylhyjl`, Ol 003 NI$ njsi :28 pj~ fyodr rm hmdb j

òjlr vindolol` Fybbhj ol Gjhj{jvjlovsjlj, Jbajnilr rm rho~ rvjòn ~nili$ ml rhi ij~r ~obi mc rhi

ilrvjlni pi colb mli coljd bi{onroml mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ cvmg rhi Ho`h Rjl` {ivomb ficmvi rhi Rofirjl~ `jolib

nmlrvmd mc rhi njsi~ cvmg 08:826 NI$ y~hivol` ol j lip {ivomb ol rhi jvr mc Bylhyjl`,

Byvol` rhi Rofirjl mnny{jroml$ {mvrvjjd~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ (jvro~ronjdd ~{ijeol`/ ~iig rm bindoli ol zyjdor,

Rho~ pj~ djvìd byi rm rhi cjnr rhjr f rho~ rogi lmr mld rhi ‘[yvidjlb ~inr‟ fyr jd~m rhi ‘Soljj ~inr‟$ rhi

‘I~mrivon (Rjlrvon/ ~inr‟$ rhi ‘Hyjjl (Jsjrjg~jej/ ~inr‟$ rhi ‘Nhjl (Bhjlj/ ~inr‟$ rhi ‘Pio~ho

(Bhjvgjdje~jlj/ ~inr‟ jlb isil rhi i{higivjd ‘^jlaoi ~inr‟ pivi jdd nmg{irol` cmv vi{vi~ilrjroml, 2>

Bi~{ori rho~ olnvij~ol` hirivmìlior$ Rofirjl siv~oml~ mc rhi ̂ yehĊ sjr ĥ {jvjbo~i nmlrolyib byvol` rhi

mnny{jroml$ jdrhmy`h njgi rm fi rolrib porh j cjv gmvi i~mrivon (jlb rhy~ olisorjfd di~~ ‘vijdo~ron‟/

olriv{virjroml, xox Hmpisiv$ rm rhi Rofirjl ~ilrogilr$ —^yehĊ sjr ĥ pj~ f lm gijl~ jl ixndy~osi `mjd mv mli

2> Ofob,$ {, :83,



60

rhjr pj~ bino~osid {viigolilr ol vidjroml rm mrhiv og{mvrjlr Fybbho~r ilb~,‗22 Isobilrd$ rhi ~yrvj

oddy~rvjroml~ mc Nholi~i Gjhîîlo~g pivi —ml rhi vmjb rm bindoli cjnib porh ixril~osi bo~~igoljroml mc

Rjlrvo~g,‗29

Jcriv rhi Rofirjl~ pivi isilryjdd ix{iddib cvmg rhi viòml ol rhi goblolrh nilryv$ gjl lip njsi~

jrrig{rib rm vij~~ivr —rhi {mdoronjd {mpiv mc rhi Bylhyjl` vydiv~,‗23Hmpisiv$ rho~ jnr mc vij~~ivroml

~iigib rm givid rjei rhi cmvg mc ~rjdi vi{iroroml mc phjr hjb nmgi ficmvi$ j~ njl fi ~iil ol rhi

{mvrvjjd~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ ol fmrh njsi :6 jlb njsi :93$ fmrh cvmg rhi Djri Rjl` 828?;0 NI, (îi CO@, 63

# 60 /,

22 [jli$ Vonhjvb Ejvd jlb Rjljej$ Eillirh Ejqym, Ib~, 6;;2, J{{vmjnhol` rhi Djlb mc Fdo~~1 Vidoòmy~ [vjxo~ ol rhi Nydr mc Jgor Ċfhj, Ylosiv~or mc Hjpjoo [vi~~$ Ylosiv~or mc Hjpjoo [vi~~$ Hmlydydy$ {, 6;,29 Nhyl`$ Rjl, M{ nor,$ {, :83,23 Phorcoidb$ ^y~jl, M{ nor,$ {, 8?,



68

CO@ 63 (dicr/1 So~yjdoqol` Jgorjy~ ^yrvj,Njsi :6$ Bylhyjl`, (Djri Rjl` 828?;0NI/, Ol Nhyl`$ Rjl$ {, 603,

CO@ 60 (vo`hr/1 Ilrivrjolgilr ol

^yehĊsjr ĥ $ Njsi :93$ Bylhyjl`, (DjriRjl` 828?;0 NI/, Bylhyjl` Jnjbig Mldoli,

Cmddmpol` rhi @vijr Fybbho~r [iv~inyroml f Ig{ivmv Pyqml` ol 829 NI$ Bylhyjl` fvmei mcc cvmg rhi

vi~r mc Nholj byvol` j {ivomb mc olbi{ilbilni (nj, 8?;?8; NI/$ phil or gjbi ndm~i nydryvjd nmllinroml~

porh or~ lio`hfmyv~ rm rhi ~myrh jlb pi~r1 rhi Yo`hyv eol`bmg fj~ib ol Ryvcjl$ rhi Ehmrjli~i eol`bmg

rm or~ pi~r$ jlb rhi ~rjri mc ^hy ol {vi~ilrbj ônhyjl [vmsolni,20 Byvol` rho~ {ivomb$ Bylhyjl` jvro~r~

gjbi {vmcmylb nhjlì~ ol rhiov jvr$ rhi gm~r ~o`loconjlr fiol` —rhi igivìlni mc j ~rjlbjvboqib ~rdo~ron

jlb {vm`vjggjron vi{ivrmovi,‗28 [jolriv~ ~irrdib ml onmlm`vj{hon ~nhigi~$ bisidm{ib icconoilr {vmbynroml

girhmb~$ jlb olrvmbynib j sjvoir mc rinhlozyi~ rhjr hid{ib ~mdsi rhi olisorjfdi {vmfdig~ rhjr

jnnmg{jloib igfiddo~hol` ilmvgmy~ njsi rig{di~, Rho~ hmpisiv dib rm j bo~rolnrd cmvgydjon gmmb ol rhi

djriv Bylhyjl` ogjì~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ $ phonh ol gjl pj~ inhmib rhi ylol~{ovol` voòbor mc or~ ijvdoi~r

bi{onroml~,

20 Cvj~iv$ ^jvjh, I, M{ nor,$ {, ?,28 Ofob,



6?

CO@ 681 So~yjdoqol` Jgorjy~ ^yrvj, _ydol Njsi >$ Bylhyjl`$ (Pi~rivl Xoj [ivomb5 :;>8 :660 NI/, _ol~ho$ Cjl$ {, 66;,

Y{ml rhi ij~r pjdd mc Njsi > jr _ydol pi colb j siv~oml mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ nvijrib byvol` rhi Pi~rivl Xoj

Blj~r (:;>8 :660 NI/, (îi CO@, 68/, Rhi ~nili vicdinr~ rhi —byjd mvoilrjroml mc rhi Rjl`yr vydiv~ mc

rhi rogi‗2? phm so~ofd jrrig{rib rm cy~i —ìlivjdoqib nydron Gjhîîlj rhigi~‗9; porh rhi —gmvi

jbsjlnib jlb ~{inojdoqib {vjnroni~ mc rhi Rjlrvon cmvg mc Fybbho~g,‗9: Olbiib$ phod~r `jqol` jr JgorĊ fhj$

mli ~rjlb~ filijrh j novnydjv Sjavjbhjry gjlbjdj ol rhi nilrvi mc rhi niodol`$ gjveol` rhjr pi jvi lmp

pidd jlb rvyd porhol ‘rhi vijdg mc rhi Sjavj‟5 rhi ‘i~mrivon‟ fvjlnh mc Fybbho~g rhjr pmydb hjsi

nml~obivjfdi olcdyilni ml Nholi~i Fybbho~r {vjnroni ol rhi nilryvoi~ rhjr cmddmpib,

2? ‘[ivo{hivjd So~oml~1 Ml Vinilr Colb~ mc Rjl`yr Fybbho~r Jvr‟, Dolvmrhi$ Vmf, Gmlygilrj îvonj$ Smd, 2> (:??9/$ {, 6>3,9; Ofob,$ {, 69?,9: ‘Ofob,$ {, 6>3,



>;

Rhi ryvzymo~i `viil `vmylb pj~ —bo~rolnrosi mc rho~ {ivomb$‗ 96 j~ pj~ rhi cmvnicyd dolibvjpol` jlb

vi~rvjolib nmdmyv ~nhigi, Hmpisiv$ rhi~i cijryvi~ jgj~~ib rm jl msivjdd jrgm~{hivi rhjr ciid~ nmdb$

gmlmrmlmy~ jlb ~mgiphjr ylpidnmgol` i~{inojdd rm rhi Nholi~i ji~rhiron, Cyvrhivgmvi$ rhi {h~onjd

cijryvi~ mc rhi co`yvi~ (~rvjo`hr lm~i~$ ~gjdd gmyrh~ jlb jdgm~r sivronjd ii~/ ~iig gmvi doei rhm~i mc rhi

Pi~rivl vi`oml~$ ~ynh j~ pi colb jr Fj~odoe byvol` rhi Yo`hyv @jmnhjl` {ivomb,9> J~ Rjl Nhyl` jbb~$ f

rho~ rogi$ —rhi gj`loconilni,,,mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ hj~ rmrjdd bo~j{{ijvib,‗92

96 Aol~ho$ Cjl, 6;:;, Rhi Njsi~ mc Bylhyjl`, ^njdj [yfdo~hiv~$ Dmlbml$ {, 66:,9> Nhyl`$ Rjl, M{ nor,$ {, 09,92 Ofob,



>:

CO@ 6?1 Birjod~ mc So~yjdoqol` Jgorjy~ ^yrvj, _ydol Njsi >$ Bylhyjl`$ (Pi~rivl Xoj [ivomb5 :;>8 :660 NI/, _ol~ho$ Cjl$ {, 66;,

Og{mvrjlrd hmpisiv$ rho~ m~ril~ofdi dm~~ mc jvro~ron ‘zyjdor‟ pj~ vi{djnib f hio`hrilib onmlm`vj{hon jlb

~gfmdon bobjnrono~g, Cmv ixjg{di rhi cdjgol`$ gy~nydjv co`yvi phm ~or~ filijrh JgorĊ fhj$ gj fi

olriv{virib j~ mli mc rhi ‘bigml~‟ rhjr mli olisorjfd ilnmylriv~ jdml` rhi ~{ovoryjd {jrh jlb gy~r

~yfay`jri ficmvi {vmniibol` rm ^yehĊ sjr ĥ ,xx (^ii CO@, 6?/, Cyvrhivgmvi$ rhi y~i mc gjlbjdon cmvg~ jlb

nmdmyv ~nhigi~ rmme ml j hio`hrilib og{mvrjlni ol djriv bi{onroml~$ j~ rhi lmroml mc {vi~ilrol` ^yehĊ sjr ĥ

j~ ~og{d jl jddyvol` {h~onjd {jvjbo~i$ ~iigib rm bogolo~h,



>6

J~ rho~ i~~j hj~ ixjgolib$ vi{vi~ilrjroml~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ pivi j nilrvjd ~yfainr mc rhi gyvjd {jolrol`~ mc

Bylhyjl`$ porh ~{inojd ~o`loconjlni {djnib ml rhig rhvmy`hmyr rhi Rjl` Blj~r phil ~ir cmvgydj~ jlb

nmg{m~oroml~ pivi cov~r cmvgjdoqib, Rhi ~ivsib j~ so~oml~ mc fijyr$ lmr ~og{d cmv rhi {yv{m~i mc

~{ovoryjd j~{ovjroml fyr jd~m cmv rhiov mpl ~jei5 {vmsobol` j sosob `dog{~i olrm nmlrig{mvjv nmyvr doci j~

pidd j~ oddy~rvjrol` rhi rj~ri~$ j~{ovjroml~ jlb gmrosjroml~ mc rhi jyboilni phmg rhi pivi nvijrib cmv,

Ix{vi~~osi mc rho~ ~ilrogilr pivi rhi pmvb~ mc jl jlmlgmy~ 8rh nilryv Bylhyjl` gmle$ phm pjxib

dvonjd ml hmp rhi —nidi~rojd fdo~~‗ jrrjolib f `jqol` jr j gyvjd mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ porhol rhi nmlcoli~ mc

Bylhyjl` pj~ ol gjl pj~ —firriv rhjl‗ vifovrh ol rhi {jvjbo~i or~idc1

—Rhi gjl vifmvl ol Hijsil

Cvmg j dmry~ hi igivìb

Jlìd~ hmsiv jvmylb hog

[irjd~ vmrjri firpiil ~{jni~$

Jlb ìlrdi gy~on ilnhjlr~ rhi ~e,

Hivi O ilam rhi nidi~rojd fdo~~

Firriv rhjl O ~rj ol {jvjbo~i,‗ 99

Rhi~i pmvb~ nmggylonjri rhi lj~nilr (zyj~oRjlrvon/ {vjnroni mc y~ol` jvr j~ j yrodorjvojl gijl~ mc

vijnhol` j ~{ovoryjd ilb jdml` rhi Fybbho~r {jrh5 phonh nmydb ol gjl pj~$ fi nviborib j~ jl olsilroml

mc rhi Bylhyjl` gyvjd~ rhig~idsi~, Olbiib$ phod~r rhivi o~ j gmbivl ~nhmdjvd nml~il~y~ rhjr rhi [yvi

Djlb gyvjd~ mc rhi Rjl` Blj~r pivi lmr vosjdib ficmvi mv jcriv rhiov j{{ijvjlni5 or gy~r jd~m fi

nml~obivib rhjr rhi ji~rhiron rvjainrmv mc so~oml~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ jr Bylhyjl` jd~m olbonjri jl ismdsol`

cylnroml5 cvmg j djvìd ~mnojd jlb {mdoronjd mli byvol` rhi ijvd Rjl` Blj~r$ rm jl olnvij~ol`d

rinhlonjd vidoòmy~ mli jcriv rhi Rjlrvon cmvg mc Fybbho~g hjb rjeil hmdb mc rhi viòml f rhi ?rh nilryv

NI,

99 Jlmlgmy~ 8rh nilryv Bylhyjl` gmle$ ol Nhyl`$ Rjl, M{ nor,$ {, 29,



>>

Ol i~~ilni$ rhi bi{onroml~ mc ^yehĊ sjr ĥ jr Bylhyjl` ridd y~ izyjd jgmylr~ mc ismdsol` Fybbho~r {vjnroni

ol Nholj j~ rhi bm rhi rinhlonjd jlb jvro~ron ~eodd~ mc rhi {ivomb~ cvmg phonh rhi igiv`ib, Cmv rho~$ rhi

gy~r fi jnelmpdib`ib j~ mli mc rhi gm~r og{mvrjlr ~yvsosol` bmnygilr~ ol rhi ilrovi fvijbrh mc

Fybbho~r jvr ho~rmv,



>2

Fofdom`vj{h

Jvlmdb$ Ibpjvb J, 6;;?, J~ Dml` j~ ^{jni Ilbyvi~1 I~~j~ ml rhi Ejdjnhjevj Rjlrvj ol Hmlmv mc H,H,

rhi Bjdjo Djgj, ^lmp Doml [yfdonjroml~$ Orhjnj,

Fjvlhjvr$ Vonhjvb G$ ir jd, :??0, Rhvii Rhmy~jlb _ijv~ mc Nholi~i [jolrol`, _jdi Ylosiv~or [vi~~,

Fjeiv$ Ajlir, :??:, Rhi Jvr mc rhi ^yo Blj~r njsi~ jr Bylhyjl` , Ylosiv~or mc Ejl~j~$ Jll Jvfmv$ GO,

Fjeiv$ Ajlir, 6;;6, Rhi Cdmpivol` mc j Cmvio`l Cjorh1 Lip ^ryboi~ ol Nholi~i Fybbho~r Jvr , Gjv`

[yfdonjroml~$ Gygfjo,

Fibyhl$ Aj~ml Bjsob, Ib~, 6;;9, Lip Do`hr ml Gjlonhjio~g, Fvodd$ Lirhivdjlb~,

Fi`yol$ @oddi~, 6;;?, Fybbho~r Jvr1 Jl Ho~rmvonjd jlb Nydryvjd Amyvli, Vosiv Fmme~ Nm$ Fjlème,

Fidd$ Jdixjlbiv [iriv, 6;;;, Bobjnron Ljvvjroml1 Ajrjej Onmlm`vj{h ol Bylhyjl` porh j Njrjdm`yi mc

Ajrjej Vi{vi~ilrjroml~ ol Nholj, DOR Sivdj` Gôl~riv,

Ifvi$ [jrvonoj Fynedi, :??3, Nholj1 Jl Oddy~rvjrib Ho~rmv, Njgfvobì Ylosiv~or [vi~~,

Nhyl`$ Rjl, :??2, Bylhyjl` Jvr1 Rhvmy`h rhi Ii~ mc Byjl Pilaoi, Jfholjs [yfdonjroml~$ Lip Bidho,

Ndyly~$ Nvjo`, 6;;?, Jvr ol Nholj1 înmlb Iboroml, Mxcmvb Ylosiv~or [vi~~$ Mxcmvb,

I{~riol$ Vmljdb, Rvjl~, :?02, Rhi Jgor Ċfhj ^yrvj, Fybbho~r Rixr Rvjl~djroml ^mnoir$ ^jl Cvjlno~nm,

Co~hiv$ Vmfivr I, :??>, Fybbho~r Jvr jlb Jvnhorinryvi, Rhjgi~ jlb Hyb~ml$ Dmlbml,

Cvj~iv$ ^jvjh, I, 6;;2, [ivcmvgol` rhi So~yjd1 Rhi [vjnroni mc Fybbho~r Pjdd [jolrol` ol Nholj jlb Nilrvjd J~oj$ 3:8?3;, ^rjlcmvb Ylosiv~or [vi~~,

@hm~i$ Vjai~hpjvo, :??8, Ol rhi Cmmr~ri{~ mc rhi Fybbhj1 Jl Onmlon Amyvli cvmg Olboj rm Nholj,

Ylosiv~or mc Hml` Eml`,

Aol~ho$ Cjl, 6;:;, Rhi Njsi~ mc Bylhyjl`, ^njdj [yfdo~hiv~$ Dmlbml,

Ej{~riol$ Gjrrhip R jlb ^nhjoe$ ^jg sjl, Ib~, 6;:;, I~mrivon Fybbho~r jr Bylhyjl`, Fvodd [yfdo~hol`$

Fm~rml,

Evo~hjl$ _, :??3, Rhi Fybbhj Ogjì1 Or~ Mvoòl jlb Bisidm{gilr , Gyl~hovjg Gjlmhjvdjd [yfdo~hiv~

Drb$ Lip Bidho,

Dm{iq$ Bmljdb, Ib~, 6;;2, Fybbho~r ^nvo{ryvi~, [il`yol Fmme~$ Dmlbml,

Gjnhobj$ ^ŇhŇ, :?9;, Doci jlb Do`hr$ rhi Olcolori1 j ho~rmvonjd jlb {hodmdmònjd jljd~o~ mc rhi Jgobj nydr ,

Ylosiv~or mc [ill~dsjloj$ [hodjbid{hoj,

GnJvrhyv$ Gihiv, 6;;6, Vijbol` Fybbho~r Jvr1 Jl Oddy~rvjrib @yobi rm Fybbho~r ô`l~ jlb ^gfmd~,

Rhjgi~ jlb Hyb~ml$ Dmlbml,



>9

[jli$ Vonhjvb Ejvd jlb Rjljej$ Eillirh Ejqym, Ib~, 6;;2, J{{vmjnhol` rhi Djlb mc Fdo~~1 Vidoòmy~ [vjxo~ ol rhi Nydr mc Jgor Ċfhj, Ylosiv~or mc Hjpjoo [vi~~$ Ylosiv~or mc Hjpjoo [vi~~$ Hmlydydy,

[vm~iv$ Jbvojlj, Ib, 6;;?, [od`vogjì jlb Fybbho~r Jvr , _jdi Ylosiv~or [vi~~$ Lip Hjsil,

Zojl`$ Lol`, 6;;2, Jvr$ Vidoòml jlb [mdoron~ ol Giboisjd Nholj1 Rhi Bylhyjl` Njsi mc rhi Qhjo Cjgod,

Ylosiv~or mc Hjpjoo [vi~~$ Hmlmdydy,

Vy~~idd ^gorh$ Doddj, 6;;9, Y`yv [jrvmljì ol Bylhyjl`1 Viòmljd Jvr Nilrvi~ ml rhi Lmvrhivl ôde

Vmjb ol rhi rilrh jlb idisilrh nilryvoi~, I,A, Fvodd$ Diobil$ Lirhivdjlb~,

^hj~hofjdj$ B, 6;;>, Fybbho~r Jvr1 Ol [vjo~i mc rhi Bosoli, Vmdi jlb Ajl~~il$ Lip Bidho,^hoh$ Hil`nhol` , :??6, Rhi ~lnviro~g mc Nh'jl jlb [yvi Djlb Fybbho~g, Djl`$ Lip _mve,

^m{iv$ J, :?9?, Dorivjv Isobilni cmv Ijvd Fybbho~r Jvr ol Nholj, J~nmlj [vi~~,

Rjljej$ Eillirh E, :??;, Rhi bjpl mc Nholi~i [yvi Djlb Fybbho~r Bmnrvoli1 Nholòl` Hyoôjl'~

Nmggilrjv ml rhi So~yjdoqjroml ~yrvj, ^rjri Ylosiv~or mc Lip _mve [vi~~$ Jdfjl,

Rviìjv$ Gjv, :?8;, Nholi~i Jvr , Rhjgi~ jlb Hyb~ml$ Dmlbml,

Pjl`$ Iyìli$ _, 6;;9, ^hj{ol` rhi Dmry~ ^yrvj1 Fybbho~r So~yjd Nydryvi ol Giboisjd Nholj, Ylosiv~or

mc Pj~hol`rml [vi~~$ îjrrdi,

Pvo`hr, Jvrhyv C, :??;, ^ryboi~ ol Nholi~i Fybbho~g, ^mgiv~$ Vmfivr, Ib~, _jdi Ylosiv~or [vi~~$ Lip

Hjsil,

Phorcoidb$ Vmbivone5 Phorcoidb$ ^y~jl5 J`lip$ Lisoddi, 6;;;, Njsi rig{di~ mc Gm`jm1 Jvr jlb Ho~rmv ml

rhi ôde Vmjb , @irr Nml~ivsjroml Ol~roryri jlb rhi A, @irr Gy~iyg$ Dm~ Jlìdi~,

Phorcoidb$ Vmbivone jlb Mr~yej$ îo`m, :??9, Bylhyjl`1 Njsi~ mc rhi ôlòl` ^jlb~, Fybbho~r Jvr cvmg

rhi ôde Vmjb, Smdygi O, Rixrodi jlb Jvr [yfdonjroml~$ Dmlbml,

Pml`$ Eoip Eor, 6;;6, ^yehĊsjr ĥ 1 @mol` rm Hijsil j~ Rjy`hr f rhi Fybbhj, Nm~gm~ [yf Oln$ Gjdj~oj,

Qyvnhiv$ I, :?06, Rhi Fybbho~r Nmlzyi~r mc Nholj1 Rhi ^{vijb jlb Jbj{rjroml mc Fybbho~g ol Ijvd

Giboisjd Nholj, I,A, Fvodd$ Diobil$ Lirhivdjlb~,

Qpjdc$ P, Ib, :?89, Fybbho~g1 Jvr jlb Cjorh, Fvoro~h Gy~iyg [yfdonjroml~ Drb$ Dmlbml,

(Ylelmpl Jyrhmv/, :??0, Bylhyjl` Jvr Vidon~ Nmddinrib ol rhi ^rjri Hivgorjì Gy~iyg mc Vy~~oj,

^hjl`hjo Nholi~i Ndj~~on~ [yfdo~hol` Hmy~i$ ^hjl`hjo,

A^RMV Jvrondi~

Cmyv ônhyjl Fybbho~r ^ridi~ jlb rhi Fiòllol`~ mc [yvi Djlb Ogjìv ol Nholj,

Jyrhmv(~/1 Pml`$ Bmvmrh N,

Visoipib pmve(~/1 ^myvni1 Jvnhosi~ mc J~ojl Jvr$ Smd, 9: (:??8-:???/$ {{, 930?



>3

[yfdo~hib f1 Ylosiv~or mc Hjpjo'o [vi~~ cmv rhi J~oj ^mnoir

^rjfdi YVD1 hrr{1--ppp,a~rmv,mv`-~rjfdi-6;:::68>

Jnni~~ib1 :9-;6-6;:6 :;19>

[ivo{hivjd So~oml~1 Ml Vinilr Colb~ mc Rjl`yr Fybbho~r Jvr

Jyrhmv(~/1 Vmf Dolvmrhi

Visoipib pmve(~/1^myvni1 Gmlygilrj îvonj$ Smd, 2> (:??9/$ {{, 6>9636

[yfdo~hib f1 Gmlygilrj îvonj Ol~roryri

^rjfdi YVD1 hrr{1--ppp,a~rmv,mv`-~rjfdi-2;060;30

Jnni~~ib1 :9-;6-6;:6 :;192

Ml rhi [jrvmljì f Rjl`Blj~r Lyl~ jr Pjlcm @vmrrm$ Dml`gil

Jyrhmv(~/1 Jg GnLjov

Visoipib pmve(~/1 ^myvni1 Jvrofy~ J~oji$ Smd, 9?$ Lm, >-2 (6;;;/$ {{, :3::88

[yfdo~hib f1 Jvrofy~ J~oji [yfdo~hiv~

^rjfdi YVD1 hrr{1--ppp,a~rmv,mv`-~rjfdi->62?808

Jnni~~ib1 :9-;6-6;:6 :;192

Vijbol`~ jlb ViVijbol`~ mc Ljvvjrosi ol Bylhyjl` Gyvjd~

Jyrhmv(~/1 H~om_il ^hoh

Visoipib pmve(~/1 ^myvni1 Jvrofy~ J~oji$ Smd, 9>$ Lm, :-6 (:??>/$ {{, 9?88


^rjfdi YVD1 hrr{1--ppp,a~rmv,mv`-~rjfdi->69;9;8

Jnni~~ib1 :9-;6-6;:6 :;193



>0

Rhi Mvoòl~ jlb Bisidm{gilr mc rhi [il~osi Fmbho~jrrsj Ogjì~ mc J~oj

Jyrhmv(~/1 Ayl`hii Dii

Visoipib pmve(~/1 ^myvni1 Jvrofy~ J~oji$ Smd, 9>$ Lm, >-2 (:??>/$ {{, >::>90


^rjfdi YVD1 hrr{1--ppp,a~rmv,mv`-~rjfdi->69;962

Jnni~~ib1 :9-;6-6;:6 :;193

Ph Nholi~i [jolrol` O~ Ho~rmvJyrhmv(~/1 Pil N, Cml`

Visoipib pmve(~/1 ^myvni1 Rhi Jvr Fyddirol$ Smd, 89$ Lm, 6 (Ayl,$ 6;;>/$ {{, 69868;

[yfdo~hib f1 Nmddiì Jvr J~~mnojroml

^rjfdi YVD1 hrr{1--ppp,a~rmv,mv`-~rjfdi->:00>22

Jnni~~ib1 :9-;6-6;:6 :;193

Ml [yvi Djlb Fybbho~g jlb Nh'jl-[yvi Djlb ̂ lnviro~g ol Giboisjd Nholj

Jyrhmv(~/1 Vmfivr H, ^hjvc

Visoipib pmve(~/1^myvni1 R'myl` [jm$ înmlb îvoi~$ Smd, 88$ Cj~n, 2-9 (6;;6/$ {{, 686>>:

[yfdo~hib f1 FVODD

^rjfdi YVD1 hrr{1--ppp,a~rmv,mv`-~rjfdi-2968?;>

Jnni~~ib1 :9-;6-6;:6 :;190

Mldoli ̂ myvni~

Bylhyjl` Jnjbig Mldoli1

hrr{1--ilpif,bhj,jn,nl-;;>8-olbix,hrg

‘Rjl` Blj~r Gy~onjd Ol~rvygilr~‟ $ Ylosiv~or mc Hml` Eml` Gy~on Bi{jvrgilr1

hrr{1--ppp,nyhe,iby,he-gy~-ol~rvygilr~-rjl`,hrgd



>8

Ilblmri~

o Jdrhmy`h rhi gm~r cjgmy~ rvjl~djroml~ jvi rhm~i f Eygjvjaosj (>222:>/ jlb Xyjlqml` (3;;33; NI/,(Nhyl`$ :??2$ {, >3,/

oo @osil rhi ~ivomy~ rvmyfdi~ rhjr gjveib rhi nmddj{~i mc rhi Hjl blj~r (6;3 FN66; JB/$ rhi pijeilolòl rvjboromljd sjdyi~$ olnvij~ol` —hmvoqmlrjd jlb sivronjd hygjl gmfodor‗oo jlb rhi igivìlni mc j{vmcmylb fvjlb mc olbosobyjdo~g$ or pj~ lm pmlbiv rhjr j ôlonoqib olriv{virjroml mc ^yehjsjro j~ j{ivgjlilr yrm{oj finjgi ~m {m{ydjv jr rhi bjpl mc Nholi~i Fybbho~g,

ooo O y~i rhi ^jl~evor ljgi ‘Jgorjfhj‟ rhvmy`hmyr rho~ {j{iv j~ j nmlsiloilr ~hmvrhjlb$ jdrhmy`h f rhiilb mc rhi 3rh nilryv$ hi o~ nmggmld vicivvib rm ol Nholj j~ Jgobj mv Jgorjfhj (‘Mgorm‟/ vjrhiv rhjl

Jgorjfhj mv ‘Jgorjy~‟ (Pñdoël`~höy$焪重壷5 &Olcolori Doci& mv Pñdoël``yĊl` (焪重兏5 &Olcolori Do`hr&/,

os Ol Nholj$ ^yehĊ sjr ĥ o~ jd~m elmpl j~ X ĥroĊl (襽夯$ &Pi~rivl Hijsil&/$ Açdè (楹樆$ &Ydrogjri Fdo~~&/$ mv

ċldè (宏樆$ &[ijnicyd Fdo~~&/,

s Elmpl ol Nholi~i j~ rhi ‘Pñdoêl`~höy A ĥ l`‟ (何誡焪重壷綞/

so Elmpl ol Nholi~i j~ rhi ‘ Cþ ^hyŇ @yĊl Pñdoël`~höycþ a ĥ l`‟ ( 何誡觋焪重壷何綞/

soo Hmpisiv$ or o~ {ivrolilr rm lmri rhjr ‘Rhi [yvi Djlb‟ pj~ lisiv j bo~rolnr ‘~nhmmd‟ ol Olboj j~ ~ynh, Or pj~gmvi mc j fvmjb `mjd rhjr igivìb ol j —sofvjlr ndogjri mc nydryvjd {dyvjdo~g‗ byvol` rhi Ey~hjl ig{ovijlb pj~ —hidb rm jdd Gjhîîlo~r~ j~ j ìlivjdoqib vidoòmy~ `mjd m{il rm rhi Gjhîîlj nmggylor j~ j

phmdi,‗

sooo Rho~ pj~ rhi ylbivdol` vij~ml cmv rhi {vjnroni mc ‘loëlcþ‟ (忹何/ ol Nholj$ phonh ~og{d olsmdsib rhi

{omy~ olsmnjroml (jlb vi{iroroml/ mc Jgorjfhj‟~ ljgi5 y~yjdd rhi {hvj~i$ ‘LĊgþ Ėgçryþcþ‟ (卐焪阽彄陋

何/, Olbiib$ or pj~ djvìd cmv rho~ {vjnroni‟~ {ivniosib ~og{donor rhjr gjbi or$ —~m pidnmgib f rhi

nmggml {im{di‗ sooosooo byvol` rhi ijvd bj~ mc Nholi~i Fybbho~g$ jlb olbiib$ —~ynh j ~o`loconjlr

djlbgjve ol rhi ho~rmv mc Fybbho~g‗ sooo j~ j phmdi, (^hjvc$ 6;;6,$ {, 683/

ox Hyoyjl pvmri rhi ‘Nmggilrjv ml rhi ^yrvj mc So~yjdoqjroml ml rhi Fybbhj mc Oggij~yvjfdi Doci$ phonh o~ lmr mld rhi mdbi~r ixrjlr nmggilrjv ml rho~ ~yrvj$ fyr jd~m rhi ei rixr ol rhi ho~rmv mc [yviDjlb Fybbho~g ol Nholj, x Or o~ {ivrolilr rm lmri rhjr Rjldyjl pj~ olorojdd jrrvjnrib rm rhi [yvi Djlb rijnhol`~ jcriv j dml`{iv~mljd {yv~yor ~iieol` —rhi Rjmo~r idoxov mc oggmvrjdor,‗ (Pml`$ 6;;6$ {, >/,

xo Pi gj ol djvì {jvr dole rhi {m{ydjvor mc ^yehjsjro byvol` rho~ ivj rm rhi {vm~idroqol` jnrosoroi~ mc ^hjlbjm$ rhi rhovb mc rhi `vijr [yvi Djlb gj~riv~ phm iccinrosid jlb ~ynni~~cydd ~{vijb rhi rijnhol`~ mc rhi [yvi Djlb ~nhmmd ol rhi nj{orjd Nhjl`‟jl cvmg rhi 32;‟~ rm ho~ bijrh ol 38: NI, (FiByhl$ 6;;9$ {,6;6/, Jnnmvbol` rm rhi ::rhn nilryv Xolxoy pjl`~hil qhyjl`$ —^mgi mc (ho~/ cmddmpiv~ pivi jccinrib f

ho~ rijnhol`~ rm ~ynh j bi`vii rhjr rhi nmggorrib ~yonobi f —rhvmpol` rhig~idsi~ cvmg j ho`h gmylrjolvjlì$‗ —ayg{ol` olrm j bii{ pidd$‗ mv —~irrol` rhig~idsi~ ml covi$‗ ol mvbiv rm hj~ril rhiov ilrv rm rhi[yvi Djlb, (FiByhl$ 6;;9$ {, 6;6/,

xoo Rho~ pj~ jnhoisib y~ol` rhi ‘docilbyoaol‟ rinhlozyi5 dorivjdd$ ~zyiiqol` {dj~riv jlb jbhivol` `mdb cmodml rhi {jolrol`,

xooo J ~{inydjrosi rhimv cmv rho~ {ivniosib ìlbiv nhjlì ol rhi (m~ril~ofd ‘ìlbivdi~~‟/ Fmbho~jrrsj~ mc Nholj$ gj doi ol {jvr$ porh rhi cjnr rhjr ol [yvi Djlb~ ~ynh j~ ^yehjsjro$ pmgil pivi bmnrvoljdd ylelmpl,xooo Olbiib$ j~ rhi ^yehjsjro ^yrvj ol~o~r~$ —lm mli o~ fmvl olrm rhi Pi~rivl {jvjbo~i ol j



>?

pmgjl‟~ fmb ~m rhjr ~ixyjd bi~ovi o~ ylelmpl rhivi,‗xooo (Evo~hjl$ :??3$ {, :;8/, J hio`hrilibcigoloqjroml mc Fmbho~jrrsj~ ol [yvi Djlb bi{onroml~$ rhivicmvi go`hr cylnroml j~ j ~yf~roryri rm rhicigjdi cmvg vij~~yvol` rhi ylolorojrib cigjdi bismrii mc hiv pmvrholi~~ rm rho~ vijdg phod~r jd~m{vmsobol` gjdi bismrii~ porh j ~il~yjdd nmg{iddol` so~oml mc djlb rhjr pj~ pmvrh mc rhiov j~{ovjroml, _ir

jlmrhiv ix{djljroml mc rho~ olnvij~ib cigoloqjroml mc Fmbho~jrrsj~ byvol` rhi Rjl` Blj~r hmpisiv$ doi~ol rhi ~rvml` olcdyilni mc Ig{vi~~ Py Qirojl (正剀夯/$ phm jr rho~ rogi pj~ rm jpjvb hiv~idc porh rhi rordi$&^jnvib Ig{ivmv mc rhi @mdbil Nhjevj,&

xos Rho~ gyvjd pj~ nmg{dirib ol 326 rhvmy`h rhi {jrvmljì mc rhi {vmgolilr Qhjo cjgod$ phm vigjolib`yjvbojl~ mc rhi njsi'~ y{eii{ ylrod rhi rilrh nilryv, Byvol` rhi 32; ix{jl~omlo~r godorjv {mdon mc rhiRjl` olrm Nilrvjd J~oj$ rhi Qhjo ix{vi~~ib rhiov po~h rhjr rhi pmylbib fi nyvib jlb rhi bijb fi vifmvlol j [yvi Djlb5 rhy~ rhi cjgod msiv~jp rhi {jolrol` mc rhi Fhjo~jaj`yvy (gibonoli Fybbhj/ jlb

Jgorjfhj gyvjd~ ol rhi njsi,

xs @osil rhjr ol rhi ijvd bj~ mc Fybbho~g rhivi pj~ —jl jdd fyr nmg{diri o`lmvjlni jfmyr rhi nydryvjdgodoiy ol phonh rhi ~nvo{ryvi~ hjb mvoòljrib$‗ (Qyvnhiv$ :?06$ {, 6/$ rhi lmlixo~rilni mc j {ivgjlilr i`m(jljrgjl/ pj~ mcril vi~o~rib,

xso Olbiib$ rho~ ~rvjri` nvijrib bi{rh f bidofivjrid jdrivol` rhi ljryvjd ylobogil~omljd {vm{mvroml~ mc rhi ~nili$ vi~ydrol` ol j r{onjd ixjg{di mc phjr pmydb djriv fi njddib ‘vil bjy ~hjl‟ (hygjl co`yvi~

fo`ìv rhjl gmylrjol~/ ol djlb~nj{i {jolrol`, (Nhyl`$ :??2$ {, 9;/, Rho~ pobijl`di bi{onroml mc ‘olcoloribi{rh‟ gijlr rhjr or pj~ jdgm~r og{m~~ofdi rm {ivniosi jl ~il~i mc nmlsilromljd {iv~{inrosi jlb gijlrrhi~i {jolrol`~ nmydb {ivgor$ —fmrh bo~rjlr jlb ndm~i soipol`,‗ (Nhyl`$ :??2$ {, 89,/

xsoo Cvmg ~ynh bi{onroml~ mc rho~ yrm{ojl djlb hmpisiv$ or j{{ijv~ rhjr (cmv rhi jsivjì Nholi~i bismrii mc rhi Rjl` jì/$ rhi {vm~{inr mc ‘~idcixrol`yo~hol`‟ pj~ cjv cvmg rhi gmrosjroml rm j~{ovi rm rho~ pmlbvmy~djlb jcriv bijrh5 rhi rivvjol mc phonh ~m nmg{iddol`d {vi~ilrol` or~idc j~ j {djni pmvrh mc ~{ilbol` jlirivlor mc (nmlsilromljd/ ixo~rilni,

xox Rho~ o~ isobilr f rhi ~o`loconjlr lygfiv mc Rofirjl nmg{m~oroml~ jlb j~{ovjromljd {vjiv~ rm ^yehjsjrojlb vidjrib bhjvjlo cmylb djriv ol njsi :0, (Jvlmdb$ 6;;?$ {, 63:/

xx J~ Iyìli Pjl` ~rjri~$ —rhi amyvli rm rhi Jgorjfhj [yvi Djlb pj~ ogjòlib j~ rmvryvmy~ jlb{ivodmy~$ porh bigml~ rhvijrilol` rm il~ljvi rhi pjlbivol` ~myd, Rhivicmvi$ rm il~yvi rhi ~jcir mc rhibinij~ib$ mli hjb rm zyidd rhi bigml~,‗ (Pjl`$ 6;;9$ {>39/