OVERVIEW OF BANKING FRAUDS WITH
REAL LIFE EXAMPLES
By
Mirza Farrukh Baig
Managing Director
Lynchpin Consulting
About Myself• Originally from Pakistan, in UAE since 2004
Last Banking Job Held (2004 – 2012): • Unit Head Credit Risk – National Bank of Fujairah (Dubai)
Professional Qualification & Training Experience: • Chartered Accountant (ICAP) • Associated with Consulting, Training & Coaching: Since 1999
Distinctions & Certification• Gold Medal in Chartered Accountancy Examinations• Holds Certificate in “Entrepreneurship” from
Harvard Business School (USA) - 2013
How it happens?FRAUDS….
• Frauds by internal bank staff for self benefit• Frauds by customers with the help of internal
bank staff for mutual benefit• Fraud by customers due to negligence of internal
bank staff
70% of financial institutions saying they have experienced a case of fraud by one of their
employees in the past 12 months
Source: Actimize
What are the common bank fraudsTYPES
• Fictitious Lending• Identity theft• Accommodation cheques• Forgery of documents• Embezzlement of funds
Kabul Bank FraudA report by an independent auditor leaked in
November 2012 showed that the vast majority of the bank's loans - almost $900m (£561m) -were made to just 19 people and companies.
An earlier finding by Afghanistan's anti-corruption office said that $467m (£290m) of
outstanding loans had been made without appropriate collateral.
A..N Ventilation LLCEXAMPLE
Fraud by a “Good Customer”Company Facts:• Turnover approx USD 30 million• Staff: over 100 people• Operative since: 2004• Business: Manufacturing of Aluminum products
Loan Granted:Asset Financing of USD 3M secured against charge over machinery
How Fraud Happened?• Over the period of 6 months, all machinery was transferred to owner’s home country• One fine day owner left UAE!!
Why Bank was not aware of this?• As the loan installment payment was regular, the Bank Officer never visited the client
S.. Food SupplierEXAMPLE
Company Facts:• Turnover approx USD 10 million• Staff: over 10 people• Operative since: 2002• Business: Sea Food Supplier to Hotels in UAE
Loan Granted:Invoice Discounting (Factoring) facility for USD: 1 million
How Fraud Happened?• Client discounted fictitious invoices which were never raised to clients• One fine day owner left UAE!!
Why Bank was not aware of this?• Assignment of receivables was not obtained by Account Manager
A…. Flow Technical SuppliesEXAMPLE
Company Facts:• Turnover approx USD 5 million• Staff: over 10 people• Operative since: 2002• Business: manufacturer of brake pads
Loan Granted:Cheque Discounting Facility of USD 2million
How Fraud Happened?• Borrower discounted accommodation cheques of the company owned by his brother• Borrower bribed the bank officials• Bank officials submitted false information while discounting of cheques
Why Bank was not aware of this?• It was intentional by a senior bank official
• His team members were feared of revealing the crime information to his superiors
Common Fraud Products Tool!
• Taking loan for company that does not exist• False Financial Statements• Export Bill Discounting with false shipping
documents• Cheque discounting with accommodation• Assistance of bank employees in money
laundering• Personal loans in the name of employees
and used by company owner!
Prevention of FraudMEASURES
Fraud can only be prevented by adequate measure as when it is detected,
its too late!
Prevention of FraudMEASURES
Pre-Loan Approval Measure
• Have registered category of auditors• Set a minimum threshold of company’s period of
operation like min 3 to 5 years• Data check on owners• Dig out ultimate ownership of the company• Identify cash flow diversion in financial statements• Look out for real purpose of loan• Sense abnormally urgent follow-up by
Relationship Manager/Customer• Look for how the loan will be repaid??
Prevention of FraudMEASURES
Post-Loan Approval Measure – Before Disbursement
• Have a strong Credit Limit Activation Unit• Check that all pre-disbursal conditions/covenants
are complied with or not?• Legal documentation is complete
Prevention of FraudMEASURES
Post-Loan Approval Measure – AFTER Disbursement
• Check the pattern of account transaction• Match the source of funds for export discounting• Maintain a drawer limit for factoring facilities• Have a whistle blowing culture in organization• Set SLAs to avoid “Urgent” transactions• Have an active market intelligence unit (most important)
Thank You
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