Issue 10 [ISSN 2009-2237]
Archaeological Excavation Report
04E1072 - Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork
Middle Bronze Age houses
Eachtra Journal
Contact details:The Forge,Innishannon, Co. Cork.Tel.: 021 470 16 16Fax: 021 470 16 28E-mail: [email protected] Site: www.eachtra.ie
January 2008
Written by:
Client:
Archaeological Excavation Report,N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road,Mitchelstown,Co. Cork.
Cork County Council,National Roads Office,Richmond,Glanmire,Co. Cork.
04E1072
Eamonn Cotter
Licence No.:
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Copyright Notice: Please note that all original information contained within this report, including all original drawings, photographs, text and all other printed matter deemed to be the writer’s, remains the property of the writer and Eachtra Archaeological Projects and so may not be reproduced or used in any form without the written consent of the writer or Eachtra Archaeological Projects.
Table of Contents
Non-Technical Summary .............................................................................................1
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................2
1.1 Site location .......................................................................................................2
1.2 Scope of the Project ............................................................................................2
1.3 Circumstances of discovery ................................................................................3
1.4 Date and duration of excavation works ...............................................................3
1.5 Size and composition of the excavation team ......................................................3
2 Receiving Environment .......................................................................................3
2.1 The Natural Landscape ......................................................................................3
2.2 The Human Landscape ......................................................................................5
3 Original Research Framework ............................................................................10
4 Excavation Results ..............................................................................................11
4.1 Excavation Methodology ...................................................................................11
4.2 Stratigraphic Report ..........................................................................................11
4.3 Artefactual evidence ..........................................................................................15
4.4 Environmental evidence ....................................................................................15
4.5 Dating evidence ...........................................................................................17
5. Discussion & Interpretation .....................................................................................19
6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................20
7 Bibliography .......................................................................................................21
7.1 Other Sources ...................................................................................................23
8 Figures ................................................................................................................24
9 Plates ..................................................................................................................33
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10 Appendix 1 Matrix .............................................................................................37
11 Appendix 2 Context Register ..............................................................................38
12 Appendix 3 Find Register ..................................................................................100
13 Appendix 4 Plant remains report ....................................................................... 101
14 Appendix 5 Lithics Report & Catalogue ............................................................107
15 Appendix 6 Cremated Bone ............................................................................... 110
16 Appendix 7 Stones Catalogue ............................................................................ 111
17 Appendix 8 Archive Content .............................................................................. 112
18 Appendix 9 Dissemination Strategy ................................................................... 113
19 Appendix 10 Programme Schedule Dates & Deliveries ......................................114
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List of FiguresFigure 1 Portion of Discovery Map showing route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road. ..... 24
Figure 2 Portion of RMP sheets CO010 and CO019 showing route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road. .......................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 3 Portion of 1st edition OS maps sheets CO010 and CO019 showing Mitchelstown Demesne and the route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road. ............................................... 26
Figure 4 Route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road showing location of all archaeological sites. .............................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 5 Post excavation plan of Area A. ............................................................................... 28
Figure 6 Mid- excavation plan showing slot trench for House B (beige) cutting slot trench for House C (blue). ..................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 7 Post-excavation plan and section of isolated pit C.368 in Area B. ........................... 30
Figure 8 Cross sections through some of typical structural postholes on the site. .................. 31
Figure 9 Illustration of quern stones 04E1072:1:6, 04E1072:387:13 and 04E1072:529:24. ... 32
List of PlatesPlate 1 Aerial view of Houses A, B and C from the north. .................................................... 33
Plate 2 Aerial view of Houses A, B and C from the west. ...................................................... 33
Plate 3 Detail of slot trench for wall of House A. .................................................................. 34
Plate 4 Detail of C252 hearth House C. ............................................................................... 34
Plate 5 View of quern stone 04E1072:1:6 (listed as 04 in quern stones plates of artefacts). ... 35
Plate 6 View of quern stone 04E1072:387:13 (listed as 07 in quern stones plates of artefacts). 35
Plate 7 View of quern stone 04E1072:529:24 (listed as 06 in quern stones plates of artefacts). 36
Plate 8 View of flint artefacts 04E1072:1:1, 04E1072:1:3, 04E1072:6:1, 04E1072:325:1 and 04E1072:450:1. ..................................................................................................................... 36
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Non-Technical Summary
This report details the results of an archaeological excavation undertaken by Eachtra Ar-chaeological Projects of a site on the route of the proposed N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road, on behalf of Cork County Council. The proposed bypass involves the construction of 4.5Km of the N8 from Cloonlough, south of Mitchelstown, to the junction of the R513 and the N8, north of Mitchelstown.
Phase 1 of the project (archaeological testing of the route) was carried out in June, July and September 2004 under licences 04E0889-04E0892 issued by Department of the Environ-ment Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG). The principal aim of this phase of the project was to test sites of archaeological potential identified in the EIS and geophysical sur-veying and to test for any previously unknown sites by a programme of centreline and offset testing.
Phase 2 of the project (resolution) involved the resolution of all archaeological sites identified within the proposed road corridor prior to commencement of the construction of the bypass in order to avoid delays and costs during construction works. This phase of the project was carried out from September-December 2004 and excavations were conducted by two licensed directors under the management of a Senior Archaeologist. In total five sites were excavated during this phase of works and all excavations were carried out initially under separate li-cences issued by DoEHLG and subsequently under Ministerial Order.
One of these sites, Mitchelstown 1, is the subject of this report. Mitchelstown 1 was identi-fied during phase 1 as a potential settlement site comprising a cluster of stakeholes and areas of burnt clay indicating a possible hearth. Archaeological resolution of this site commenced on August 3rd 2004 and was carried out by Eamonn Cotter under licence number 04E1072. Resolution of the site revealed three circular houses constructed in two phases. Each house was c. 10m in diameter and had an entrance facing east. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal samples from the site indicated a date range of c. 1490-1260 cal BC, placing them in the Middle Bronze Age.
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1 Introduction
1.1 Site location
This report details the results of the archaeological excavation of a site on the N8 Mitchel-stown Relief Road (MRR), County Cork. The site was located c.0.5 km northwest of Mitch-elstown, at National Grid Co-ordinates 180869,113639 at an elevation of 106m OD (Fig. 1). It is located in the townland of Mitchelstown, the Parish of Brigown and barony of Condons and Clangibbon.
1.2 ScopeoftheProject
This Archaeological Services Project was carried out on behalf of Cork County Council, National Roads Design Office, Richmond, Glanmire, Co. Cork. This project was funded by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan, 2000-2006. The purpose of the Project was to conduct Archaeological Site Investigations within the lands made available for the scheme and to assess the nature and extent of any new or potential archaeological sites uncovered.
Phase 1 of the project (archaeological testing of the route) was carried out in June, July and September 2004 under licences 04E0889-04E0892 issued by Department of the Environ-ment Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG). The principal aim of this phase of the project was to test sites of archaeological potential identified in the EIS and geophysical sur-veying and to test for any previously unknown sites by a programme of centreline and offset testing.
Phase 2 of the project (resolution) involved the resolution of all archaeological sites identified within the proposed road corridor prior to commencement of the construction of the bypass in order to avoid delays and costs during construction works. This phase of the project was carried out from September-December 2004 and excavations were conducted by two licensed directors under the management of a Senior Archaeologist. In total five sites were excavated during this phase of works and all excavations were carried out initially under separate li-cences issued by DoEHLG and subsequently under Ministerial Order (Fig. 4).
Following completion of fieldwork a dissemination strategy was undertaken and submitted
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to the project archaeologist. A programme of post-excavation analysis was agreed and com-menced. A lecture on the preliminary findings was given to Mitchelstown Historical Society in May 2005 by the project and senior archaeologists.
1.3 Circumstances of discovery
Archaeological testing in June 2004, under licence 04E0890, revealed a number of features of archaeological potential in the area, identified as a dense cluster of stakeholes and a possible hearth. The site was designated Mitchelstown 1. Topsoil stripping around these features was recommended, with full excavation of all features exposed.
1.4 Date and duration of excavation works
Excavation commenced on August 3rd 2004, under Licence no. 04E1072, and continued for 8 weeks, ending on September 24th 2004.
1.5 Size and composition of the excavation team
Team size averaged six people, including one director, one supervisor, two site assistants and two general operatives.
2 Receiving Environment
2.1 The Natural Landscape
2.1.1 Geology
The geological structure of the East Cork area, in which the proposed road scheme is located, consists of east-west valleys (synclines) separated by intervening ridges (anticlines)1. The ma-1 The following information on the geology of the area is taken from Sleeman A. G. and McConnell, B (1995) Geology of East Cork-~Waterford, Geological Survey of Ireland.
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jor towns and smaller settlements are predominately located within the valleys and often at important river crossings. The ridges are comprised of sandstones and mudstones of the Devonian ‘Old Red Sandstone’, laid down 355-410 million years ago, while the valleys are floored by poorly exposed Carboniferous limestones laid down 290-355 million years ago.
Mitchelstown is located in one of these valleys, known in geological terminology as the Mitchelstown Syncline. This is an extension of the Fermoy Syncline, which incorporates the Blackwater River valley. The Mitchelstown Syncline extends north-eastwards between the Galty and Knockmealdown mountain ranges into South Tipperary. The geology of the area is characterised by a succession of various Carboniferous Limestones known collectively as the Carrick-on-Suir and Mitchelstown Succession. Two of the formations which form this group are represented in the area of the present site. They are the O’Mahony’s Rock Forma-tion, composed of shallow water algal laminites, and the Rathronan Formation, composed of micrites, wackestones and cherts.
The bedrock geology of the area is overlain by more recent Quaternary sediments mostly deposited by melting glaciers and ice sheets during the various alternating warm and cold phases in the period from 1.6 million years ago to 10,000 years ago. Quaternary deposits generally range from 3-4m in thickness but thicknesses of up to 60m are known in the Blackwater valley. The nature of these sediments depends on the origin of the ice sheets that deposited them. The deposits in the valley between Mitchelstown and Cahir contain mostly sandstone debris derived from higher ground to the north.
2.1.2 Soilsandtheiruses
The soils to the north of the Gradoge River to the west of Mitchelstown are characterised by a mix of acid brown earths, gleys and grey brown podzolics, which are derived from mixed sandstone and limestone glacial till while the underlying rock is Carboniferous limestone. The acid brown earths and gleys occur in the gently rolling valleys of Cork and Waterford mainly at altitudes of 0-75m (Gardiner 1980, 61). These soils have a wide use range and are suitable for tillage and grass production. The soils to the south of the Gradoge River are characterized by a mix of gleys and peaty gleys which are derived from glacial till of mixed sandstone-shale composition with a small admixture of limestone in places. They occur mostly at altitudes of 76m to 152m. These soils have a limited use range as they are poorly drained even on good slopes. They are best suited to grassland (ibid. 77-79). The land along the route is for the most part under pasture.
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2.1.3 Topography(seeFig.1)
The topography of the Mitchelstown area comprises a broad plain running approximately east-west. The plain is dominated by the Galtee Mountains to the north, the Ballyhoura Mountains to the west and the Kilworth Mountains (the foothills of the Knockmealdown Mountains) to the south. It is drained mainly by the Funshion River which rises in the Galty mountains to the northeast and flows westwards to the north of Mitchelstown, before turn-ing southwards to join the Blackwater near Fermoy.
The town itself is built on a plateau overlooking the Gradoge River, which rises in the north-ern slopes of the Kilworth mountains and flows westwards to join the Funshion 1.5Km west of the town.
The route of the N8 Mitchelstown relief road (MRR) traverses the townlands of Cloonlough, Stag Park and Mitchelstown, to the south, west and north-west of the town. The southern part of the route initially runs westwards across the plateau at 125m OD before turning northwards, rising to 135m OD, then dropping sharply into the Gradoge valley at 80m OD. From there it rises north eastwards across the limestone ridge on the northern side of the val-ley at
The archaeological site described in this report was located on the edge of a limestone plateau to the north of the Gradoge, overlooking the valley.
2.2 The Human Landscape
2.2.1 ArchaeologicalBackground
There is a paucity of known archaeological sites within a 2 km radius of the route of the N8 MRR. Three prehistoric sites, fulachta fiadh (CO019-019, -020, -021) are recorded in Stagpark and Ballykearney within 100-500m of the route corridor. The site of Mitchelstown Castle (CO019-026), the associated demesne and the historic town of Mitchelstown (CO019-149) are the principal medieval and post-medieval sites in the vicinity of the route corridor (Figs. 2 and 3).
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2.2.2 Mesolithic7000BC-4000BC
The earliest known human settlement in Ireland dates from the Mesolithic period (c. 7000 BC - 4000 BC). In Munster, the majority of the evidence (flint scatters) for Mesolithic occu-pation has ‘come from the Blackwater valley in Co. Cork’ (Woodman 1989, 116). Flint scat-ters were recorded in the townlands of Ballynamona (CO018-099) and Wallstown (CO018-100) on the northern and southern sides of the Awbeg river respectively c. 15km to the west of the route of the N8 MRR (Power et. al. 2000, 2).
2.2.3 Neolithic4000BC-2500BC
The Neolithic Period is characterised by the introduction of agriculture and the beginnings of the clearance of the woodlands. The population increased and became more sedentary in nature. Substantial Neolithic settlement sites have been recorded at Lough Gur, Co. Limer-ick and Cloghers, Co. Kerry. The material culture includes the manufacture of pottery, flint and stone arrowheads, scrapers, axes etc. The range of monuments types includes Megalithic tombs (court tombs, portal tombs, passage tombs and wedge tombs), single burial graves and stone circles.
There is a paucity of evidence for Neolithic settlement sites in the south-west of Ireland, though recent archaeological investigation associated with infrastructural development has revealed new sites from that period in County Cork. The nearest known Neolithic house was excavated on the N8 Rathcormac-Fermoy in the townland of Gortore. The structure was dated to the Early Neolithic cal BC 3928-3655 (UB 6769). Further evidence of Neolithic activity was recorded at Fermoy and Curraghprevin, on the same road scheme.
2.2.4 BronzeAge2000BC-500BC
The Bronze Age is characterised by the introduction of metallurgy, the mining of copper ores and manufacture of copper, bronze and gold items. The range of burial site types includes, cist graves, pit and urn burials, cremation cemeteries, barrows, ring-ditches and wedge tombs. Stone circles and standing stones also date to the Bronze Age. Both enclosed and unenclosed settlement sites are known. The most prolific Bronze Age site type is the fulacht fiadh, of over 2,000 examples of which have been recorded in County Cork alone. These monuments survive as low mounds of charcoal rich black silt packed with heat-shattered stones and are generally situated close to a water source. In many cases, however, all that survives to the
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present day are black spreads with fragments of shattered stones visible in ploughed fields. Fulachta fiadh are generally classified as ‘cooking places’, whereby stones were heated in a hearth and subsequently placed in a trough of water, the water continued to boil with the ad-dition of hot stones and wrapped food was cooked within the hot water. The trough eventu-ally filled with small stones, ash and charcoal that were removed and formed the basis of the familiar mound. The absence of animal remains and the scarcity of associated hearths have fuelled the debate in relation to the function of the sites. Other theories on their interpreta-tion include bathing and dyeing textiles together with the production of hot water and steam for curative purposes and sweat houses (Kelly 1989, 225). Waddell (1998, 177) suggests the semi-industrial purpose of using the boiling water for dipping hides as part of the preparation of the leather.
There are few wedge tombs or stone circles known from north or east Cork. Two of the excep-tions are wedge tombs located at Labbacallee (CO027-086) and at Manning (CO027-091) both located c. 8 km south of the N8 MRR. Labbacallee is one of the largest wedge tombs in the country.
The Bronze Age cemetery of Mitchelstowndown West, located 16 km to the north of the N8 MRR, contains 53 small barrows. Four of these were selected for excavation by the Discovery Programme (Daly et. al. 1992, 44).
Until recently Bronze Age settlement sites were a rarity in North Cork, but recent excava-tions have altered the picture. A Bronze Age occupation site was recorded underlying the medieval ringfort Lisleagh I (CO027-158) c.3.5km to the south of the N8 MRR (Power et. al. 2000, 210). A house site was excavated at Killydonoghoe on the route of the N8 Glanmire-Watergrasshill Bypass (Sherlock, 2003). A large Bronze Age settlement site consisting of three enclosures and three circular houses was excavated in 2003 at Ballybrowney on the route of the N8 Rathcormac-Fermoy (Cotter 2004, 38).
2.2.5 IronAge500BC–400AD
At present, there is little evidence of a significant Iron Age presence in the Cork region. Set-tlement sites are few and far between as well as being difficult to identify (Woodman, 2000) while the material culture of this period is limited. Linear earthworks, which are believed to have marked tribal boundaries, are one of the most visible monuments of the period.
Three separate stretches of one such boundary, the Claidh Dubh, have been recorded in
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County Cork. The longest stretch, c. 24 km extends from the Nagle Mountains, across the Blackwater valley and into the Ballyhoura Hills. The Claidh Dubh crosses the N73 c. 12km west of the N8 MRR. Radiocarbon dating following excavation of a section of it revealed it dated to some time before 100AD (Doody 1995, 23).
Three of the five hillfort sites in Cork are located in North Cork (Power et al, 2000, 205). Caherdrinny is located at the western end of the Kilworth Mountains, c. 3 km to the south of the N8 MRR and Corrin is located at the eastern end of the Nagle Mountains c. 15 km to the south of the N8 MRR.
A complex of monuments in Conva townland (c. 15 km to the southwest of the N8 MRR) was identified by aerial photography in the Blackwater Valley. Crop marks indicated three enclosures (CO034-7201, -7202, -7203) and a number of large pits (CO034-7204) possibly comprising a rectangular enclosure. The site was investigated in 1992 by Martin Doody of the Discovery Programme which involved geophysical prospection, topographic survey and trial excavation. Sections were dug through the three enclosures and through four of the large pits. Metal debris was discovered and radiocarbon dates indicated that the complex dated to the Iron Age/Early Medieval period.
2.2.6 EarlyMedieval400AD–1000AD
The Early Medieval Period/Early Christian Period is characterized by the arrival of Christian-ity to Ireland. Early ecclesiastical sites in the vicinity of Mitchelstown are located at Brigown (CO019-030) to the immediate southeast, Kildrum (CO020-025) to the east, Aghacross (CO019-002) to the west, Labbamolagga (CO010-003) to the northwest and Killeenemer (CO19-092) to the southwest. The monastery of Brigown founded in the 7th century gives its name to the modern parish (Power 1996, 3).
The characteristic monument type of the period was the ringfort, with estimates of between 30 and 50,000 illustrated on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey 6” maps of the 1840’s (Barry, 1987). As a result of continued research these monuments are ascribed a narrow date range between the 7th and 9th centuries AD. Although there are some very elaborate exam-ples of ringforts they often take the form of a simple earthen or stone enclosure and func-tioned as settlements for all classes of secular society (Stout, 1997). In the late 1980’s and early 1990’s a long-term research excavation of two ringforts was undertaken at Lisleagh c. 3.5km to the south of the route of the N8 MRR. Structural, domestic and industrial evidence was recorded at both sites. The Lisleagh I site was constructed in the early seventh century and
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was occupied into the ninth century AD (Monk 1995, 105-116).
2.2.7 Medieval1000AD–1300AD&LateMedieval1300AD-1500AD
The period is characterized by the arrival of the Anglo-Normans, who established numer-ous manors, towns and settlements to administer their extensive landholdings throughout Munster. The Brigown area was colonised by the St. Mitchel family who established the town which was eventually to bear their name (Nicholls 1993, 187), and which was listed as a mar-ket town in 1299 (O Brien 1993, 94). Nothing is known of the earliest castle in the area, but ruins surviving in the eighteenth century were said to be those of a castle that was destroyed in the wars of 1641 (Smith 1750, vol 1, 346). That castle was located on a limestone ridge on the southern bank of the Gradoge River, to the west of the modern town, and close to where the later castle (described below) was subsequently located.
Some time after 1340 the area was acquired by the White Knights, a branch of the Norman Geraldine family (Nicholls, op. cit.). It subsequently passed into the hands of the Fentons in the early seventeenth century and, in the eighteenth, to the Earls of Kingston (Power 2000, 6).
2.2.8 Post-Medieval1500AD–1800AD
In the second half of the eighteenth century Lord Kingsborough, the 2nd earl of Kingston, embarked on an ambitious programme of expansion. He demolished the old town and re-placed it with a new Georgian town laid out in a grid pattern, with two squares, new churches and new commercial and industrial buildings.
The developments also included a new mansion near the site of the earlier castle, and an ex-tensive demesne extending to some 1240 acres, enclosed by a demesne wall (see Fig. 3). The wall was ‘six-and-a-quarter-mile long…between eight and ten feet in height’ (Power 1996, 24). All public roads that were located within the area of the demesne were closed and rerout-ed along the periphery of the wall. Entry to the demesne was gained through White Gate, Killacluig Gate and Limerick Gate, and the main entrance was at King Square in the town. Extensive works were undertaken within the area of the demesne which resulted in ‘a quad-rangle of buildings, a garden of five English acres surrounded by a wall, large conservatories and lavishly arranged gardens became part of the scene. Two artificial lakes were developed beneath the rockface on which the castle stood’ (ibid., 24). Several hundred acres of wood-
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land comprising of oak, ash, larch, beech and alder were planted within the demesne.
In the early nineteenth century the third earl of Kingston demolished the Georgian house and had a magnificent neo-Gothic castellated mansion built in its place, designed by the well-known architects James and George Pain. The limestone buildings formed three sides of a courtyard and contained 80 stately rooms linked by a gallery 100 feet long, 22 feet wide and with a Gothic ceiling 33 feet high (Power 2000, 74).
This building survived until it was burnt by Republican forces in 1922. The stone was bought by the Cistercian monks of Mount Melleray who used it to build a church. Subsequently the site of the castle and part of the demesne was purchased by Mitchelstown Co-op Creameries (later Dairygold Co-op), whose food production enterprises occupy the Castle site today. The remainder of the demesne was divided into farms, the town park and a golf course.
3 Original Research Framework
The following issues will be addressed in this excavation report.
The construction date or date of initial site activity and the date of abandonment.
The absolute / relative chronology of site use in terms of phases and events.
The location of known contemporaneous and comparable sites.
The extent of the viable economic catchment area in terms of sources of water, food, raw materials, transportation routes etc
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4 Excavation Results
4.1 Excavation Methodology
Two separate areas were excavated at Mitchelstown 1, Area A, measuring 31m x 26m and Area B, 170m to the southwest, measuring c. 10m x 8. Area A was the main area of archaeo-logical activity, while Area B comprised a single pit (Figs. 4, 5 and 7).
Both areas were stripped of topsoil under archaeological supervision using a mechanical dig-ger fitted with a grading bucket. Spoil was moved by dumper and was stored on archaeologi-cally sterile areas within the limits of the site. All potential archaeological features exposed within the cutting were carefully cleaned and recorded (by plan, photographs, levels, feature sheets etc.) and excavated by hand. Each feature (cut feature, fill, layer, deposit, spread, built feature etc.) was assigned a Context number. All Contexts were numbered sequentially from 1 to infinity within each site; i.e. C12 represents feature 12. Where appropriate, soil samples and charcoal samples were taken in an effort to obtain a date and function for the various features. All finds were numbered according to the requirements of the National Museum of Ireland from 1 to infinity according to licence number and feature number; i.e. 04E1072:12:4 represents find number 4 within feature number 12 in Mitchelstown 1, which was excavated under licence number 04E1072.
4.2 Stratigraphic Report
After removal of topsoil in Area A it was immediately apparent that a large number of ar-chaeological features were present, mainly postholes and stakeholes, forming at least two structures.
The site was ultimately found to comprise of three circular houses, House A, House B and House C (Figs. 5, 6 and 8, Pls. 1, 2 ). House C was stratigraphically the earliest of the three, and was cut at its northern end by House A and at its southern end by House B.
House A
House A was a D-shaped structure measuring 9.8m N-S x 9.1.m E-W. The entrance was c. 1m wide and located in the centre of the eastern side, the straight façade of the ‘D’ plan.
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The house was constructed of a series of nine postholes (C127, C45, C53, C37, C23, C31, C40, C63, and C135) forming a semi-circle. These would have held the main supporting posts for the structure. These postholes were, on average, 0.4m in diameter and 0.4m deep and were set 1.7m apart. A slot trench (C25 and its fill, C2) located 1.1m outside the postholes would have held the wall of the house, probably a post-and-wattle structure. This slot trench was generally 0.2m-0.25m wide and 0.1m-0.2m deep (Pl. 3), becoming shallower towards the west, and disappearing completely around the western side (it may have been present here originally and been removed by machinery of by modern agricultural work). On the eastern, straight facade, the slot trench was deeper and more substantial, particularly on either side of the entrance, suggesting the external wall on this side supported the roof, since no internal supporting posts were present on this side.
House A appears to have been divided internally by a partition wall running north/south be-tween C127 and C135, the two postholes forming the termini of the semi-circular setting of postholes which formed the structural basis of the house. A shallow trench, C28, extending between those postholes and located 2.5m inside the entrance was most likely the foundation trench for this partition (Fig. 6). It was flanked on its eastern side by two further postholes, C140 and C200, which probably held supporting posts for this partition wall. To the east of the partition, immediately inside the entrance, another depression, C42, may represent the location of another entrance feature, possibly a wooden threshold. This depression measured 2.4m x 0.35m x 0.08m deep. It fill, C4, was a fine, crumbly black silt, possibly resulting from decayed wood. Two stakeholes (C412, C413) located on opposite sides of C42, may have held stakes or pegs which held the threshold in place.
A small area of burnt clay (C74) near the centre of House A may mark the location of the hearth.
HouseB
House B was located 1.8m south of House A. Like House A it was a D-shaped structure, with its entrance facing east and located centrally on the straight façade of the ‘D’ plan. At 11m x 11m it was slightly larger than House A. The principal structural feature of the house was the semi-circle of postholes, C532, C432, C434, C405, C389, C404, C376, C399 and C378, with a probable tenth posthole between 404 and 376 in the southwest quadrant destroyed by a later field boundary ditch, C461. As with House A these postholes would have held the main roof supports, while the wall of the house, probably of stake-and-wattle construction, would have stood in the slot trench, C564, which was found outside the ring of postholes. In the case of House B the slot trench was found only around the northern half of the house. It
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is unclear if it ever existed around the western side, but around the southern side it may have been destroyed by the construction of the later field boundary ditches C400 and C461.
There was no evidence of any internal division within House B, nor was there any evidence of an internal hearth. A substantial hearth, C362, located between the structural postholes and the wall of House B is presumed to belong to House C, if not to a phase of activity pre-dating the houses.
HouseC
House C was stratigraphically earlier than both House A and House B. With its D-shaped plan it was almost identical to them in layout, with the exception that there was no evidence for an outer slot trench, though it is possible that such a slot trench did exist but was destroyed by the later activity involving the construction of Houses A and B. Again, the main structural element of the house was a semi-circular ring of postholes (C572, C173, C75, C86, C569, C571, C512, C379, C426, C493, and C574). The surviving evidence indicated it measured 10m x 10m, but it may have been slightly larger if, like the others, it had an outer slot trench which would have been located c. 1m outside the structural postholes.
There is some evidence to suggest that House C had an internal division, like House A. Two pits, C250 and C502, are so symmetrically located in relation to the entrance and to the ring of structural postholes that they may be compared with postholes C140 and C200 in House A and regarded as representing an internal north/south dividing wall in the house. Both 250 and 502 are elongated pits and are quite shallow, at 0.12m-0.15m, but their shape may be the result of the uprooting of postholes during the destruction of House C to make way for Houses A and B.
A substantial hearth located west of centre in House C may be assumed to have been contem-porary with it, though there is no definite evidence for this. The hearth, C362, comprised a pit measuring 1.26m x 0.72m and 0.15m deep. It’s fill, C252, comprised a thin layer of black silt on the surface, with a layer of oxidised sandy clay beneath, indicating intense burning within the pit. A posthole, C253, at the northeastern corner of the hearth may have been part of a spit structure over the hearth.
OtherBronzeAgefeatures
In addition to the features described above a significant number of other features was exca-vated on the site, in particular two clusters of stakeholes, Group A and Group B. Group A was a dense cluster of stakeholes occurring mainly between House A and house B, but ex-tending northwards and southwards into both houses. An area of scorched clay amongst the
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stakeholes suggested this was an external cooking area and the stakeholes probably represent light temporary structures around the hearth. Since no obvious structural pattern could be observed in the stakeholes, it may be assumed that the structures were short-lived and fre-quently replaced, giving rise to the random pattern.
Though it is thought unlikely that all these stakeholes were exactly contemporary with each other, it can, however, be assumed that as a group they are broadly contemporaneous. The stratigraphic evidence indicated that they were earlier than the houses.
The second cluster of stakeholes, Group B, was located within House A and was confined to an area immediately east of C28, the internal partition wall. The fact that their distribution appears to respect C28 suggests they are contemporary with it and they are assumed to rep-resent some activity within the house.
A number of other pits and postholes were excavated within the houses. Most of these could not with certainty be ascribed to any particular structure or period and their function re-mains unclear.
Laterandnon-archaeologicalfeatures
Two parallel ditches, C440 and C461 ran east/west across the southern end of the site, cut-ting through the southern end of House B. Concentrations of stones and some modern rub-ble were noted in this area and it is likely that these ditches were part of a Post-Medieval field boundary in this area, possibly bordering a trackway leading to the gateway at the southwest corner of the field.
Three geological features were also noted, C18 and C34 within House A and just outside its northeast corner, and a third immediately west of House B. The fill of these was similar to the topsoil and, in the case of C34, contained a quantity of loosely packed limestone boulders which appeared to have been dumped in the cavity. These features were geological ‘swallow-holes’, features common in limestone areas and caused by ground collapsing when the rock underneath is dissolved by acid in the water (Nevill 1974, 62).
One further feature, C368, was also recorded (Fig. 7). This was an isolated pit located c. 100m southwest of the Bronze Age houses. It measured 1.15m x 1.15m x 0.3m deep with steep sides and flat base. Its function is uncertain and no other features were found in the vicinity.
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4.3 Artefactual evidence
Few artefacts were recovered during the excavation. No Bronze Age pottery was found. Six worked lithics were found (Pl. 8), including one piece of pointed limestone and five flints (see Appendix 5 for full report). Three of the flints were found in the topsoil, one in one of the cluster of stakeholes between House A and House B, and one in C502, a pit/possible post-hole, part of the structure of House C.
The flints are regarded as undiagnostic, waste products from lithic reduction.
The single limestone piece appears to be a deliberately created pin- or awl-like tool. Its dating is uncertain since it was found in the topsoil.
Three fragment of saddle quern were also recovered (Fig. 9, Pl. 5-7). One (04E1072:529:24) was used as a packing stone in a posthole at the south side of the entrance to House C; an-other (04E1072:387:13) was found in C381, a pit/possible posthole within House B; the third (04E1072:1:6) was found in the topsoil.
Two other artefacts were recovered. These were two minute gold-coloured fragments of what appeared to be a thin metal. One was found in the fill of C373, the posthole forming the south side of the entrance to House B, the other in the fill of C536, a posthole within House B. Both items have been identified by the National Museum of Ireland as being of a modern alloy. The occurrence of modern materials within these features was surprising, but it must be noted that both were truncated by C461, a Post-Medieval/Modern ditch, so that contamina-tion of the earlier features is possible.
4.4 Environmental evidence
Thirty-five soil samples retained during the excavation were submitted for analysis, which was carried out by Penny Johnston (see Appendix 4 for details).
Cereal remains from the site comprised four grains of barley and three of wheat, too small an assemblage to attempt any meaningful interpretation. The remarkable feature of the plant remains from the site was the unusually large volume of seeds of the Dock family. Whereas Dock seeds are usually thought of as weeds introduced inadvertently along with cereals, the paucity of cereal grains on this site makes that explanation unlikely. It is possible that the Dock seeds were a food product, as they have been found in the stomach contents of bog
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bodies.
Table1 Contextual information for environmental remainsSample No. Context No.
(Fill/Cut)Context Description Material recovered
Type (Quantity)House A23 2/25 Fill of structural slot
trenchWeeds
42 2/25
12 3/28 Sill-beam trench for internal partition wall
None
46 3/28
20 4/42 Possible threshold Hazelnut (1), weeds (17) & cereal (2)50 8/130 Pit, S side of house Weeds (17) & cereal (1)7 14/20 Posthole within
house Weeds (1)
27 15/45 Structural posthole, N side of house
Weeds (1)
18 16/35 Pit, N side of house Weeds (66)9 22/21 Posthole within
houseWeed (1), Cereal (1)
11 27/26 Structural posthole, S side of entrance
Weeds
14 32/31 Structural posthole, W side of house
Weeds (2), Grass (1)
28 50/53 Structural posthole, NW side of house
None
31 54/55 Pit, NE corner of house
Weeds (22), Cereal (1)
21 58/57 Stakehole, SW corner of house
Weeds (19)
39 70/72 Posthole within house
Cereal (2)
House B123 420/419 Structural posthole,
E sideNone
100 371/373 Posthole, S side of entrance
Weeds (70), Cereals (1)
103 374/376 Structural posthole, S side of house
Weeds (8)
104 390/389 Structural posthole W side of house
None
110 398/399 Structural posthole S side of house
Weeds (1), Cereals (4), Grass (1)
119 414/415 Structural posthole, N side of entrance
Weeds (2)
137 494/564 Fill of structural slot trench
Weeds (3)
151 537/536 Posthole within House C
Cereal (1)
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158 560/564 Fill of structural slot trench
None
House C45 76/75 Structural posthole,
N side.Weeds
47 85/86 Structural posthole, NW side.
None
80 252/362 Fill of hearth None86 253 Posthole on edge of
hearth 362Weeds (1)
120 425/426 Structural posthole, S side of house
None
144 514/527 Structural posthole, S side of entrance
Weeds (39)
Stakeholes-Group A77 221 Stakehole None79 246 Stakehole None83 258 Stakehole NoneOther features121 423/522 Pit within Houses
B/C. Probably earlier
Weeds (1)
4.5 Dating evidence
As noted above (par. 4.3) no pottery was found on the excavation, so the dating and phasing of the features was dependant on radiocarbon dating and stratigraphic evidence.
Table 2 Details of radiocarbon datesLab. Code Sample material/Context Yrs BP Calibrated Dates
1 sigma 2 sigmaUB-6771 Charcoal from C3, fill of slot
trench for internal partition wall, House A
3122 +/- 37 1438-1378 BC1337-1321 BC
1493- 1475 BC1462- 1305 BC
UB-6772 Charcoal from C246, stakehole between Houses A and B
3077 +/- 39 1407- 1313 BC 1432- 1260 BC1227- 1223 BC
UB-6773 Charcoal from C252, fill of hearth, House C
3057 +/- 38 1392- 1292 BC1277- 1273 BC
1419- 1253 BC1240- 1213 BC
UB-6774 Charcoal from C494, fill of structural slot trench, House B
3087 +/- 37 1412- 1369 BC1358- 1315 BC
1431- 1267 BC
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The radio carbon dates show that the site was occupied over a timespan of, at most, slightly less than 300 years, between 1500 and 1200 BC, with considerable overlap between the dif-ferent features. While it would, perhaps, be wrong to assign too specific a date to individual features on the basis of radiocarbon determinations which cover a broad span, the dates do suggest a chronological progression from House A to House B to House C, with the stakehole cluster broadly contemporary with Houses B and C. This phasing, however, contradicts the stratigraphic evidence, which clearly indicates that House C is the earliest of the three.
Several pieces of stratigraphic evidence illustrate the relationship between the features. As can be seen in the mid-excavation plan in Fig. 6, C495, the slot trench for House B, clearly cuts C515, the trench for House C, showing that House C is the earlier of the two. Furthermore, numerous pieces of burnt clay were found in the fill of C495 around its northern side, close to C362. The latter was a hearth located near the centre of House C, and presumably belonging to it, and it is likely that material from the abandoned hearth became incorporated into C495 when House B was being built.
Table 3 Chart showing span of radiocarbon dates
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5. Discussion & Interpretation
The site at Mitchelstown comprised of three Bronze Age houses, constructed in at least two phases. Each house was c. 10m in diameter and had an entrance facing east. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal samples from the site indicated a date range of c. 1490-1260 cal BC, placing them in the Middle Bronze Age. One notable feature of the houses was the internal division present in house A as a linear north-south slot trench with a posthole at each end, marking the location of an internal partition wall separating the area inside the entrance from the remainder of the house.
This types of internal division appear to segregate the space, creating a front/back dichotomy. It could also be argued that this type of arrangement divided the structure into a ‘public’ and ‘private’ area, while also controlling the path of movement through the structure (Parker Pearson and Richards 1994a, 42-47). These issues may also be related to the types of activi-ties undertaken within the structure and the associated necessity to create a front/public area and a rear/private area.
These types of structures and their spatial organisation have close parallels on other Irish sites. The Mitchelstown houses are similar in style and layout to houses of the same period excavated at Ballybrowney, Co. Cork (Cotter 2005). Structures B and C at Ballybrowney were somewhat smaller than the Mitchelstown houses, at c. 6m diameter, but also consisted of slot-trenches with a circle of internal post-holes, and with entrances defined by substantial post-holes and facing east. Excavations at Knocksaggart, Co. Clare produced evidence for two circular and one possible rectangular structures in close proximity (Hanley 2002, 32-3). One, Structure B, had a porch-like entrance to the south-east, similar to Structure D at Bal-lybrowney, and both Structures B and C at Knocksaggartt were internally partitioned by walls formed by single rows of stake-holes in a roughly north-north-east/south-south-west direction.
A site at Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford comprised a sub-circular enclosure (with an ap-proximate diameter of 36 m) which surrounded a round house and associated occupation remains (McQuade, 2004). The radiocarbon and pottery dates from the site indicate a period of relatively short-lived occupation at this site in the Middle Bronze Age (1500-1000 BC), in particular covering the period 1400-1133 BC. The building at Knockhouse Lower consisted of an arc of postholes and a line of stakeholes at the southeast.
Doody (2000) lists eighteen excavated houses dating to the Middle Bronze Age, of which thirteen were circular and five rectilinear, and notes a large range in the structural dimen-
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sions of the excavated examples. Since the publication of Doody’s work several more house sites with Middle Bronze Age dates have been excavated, e.g. Kilmurry North, Co. Wicklow (Ó Néill 2003), Cultragh, Co. Sligo (MacDonagh 2005), and Knockdomny Co. Westmeath (Hull in preparation).
6 Conclusion
The site at Mitchelstown 1 was discovered during archaeological investigations along the route of the Mitchelstown Relief Road. The site comprised three houses constructed in at least two phases, one of the houses having been cut by the other two. The houses were approximately 10m in diameter and were roughly D-shaped in plan, with entrances centrally located on the straight side, facing east. One of the houses showed clear evidence of having had an inter-nal division in the form of a slot trench running between two structural postholes. The slot trench could have held a wattle wall separating the entrance area (approximately one-third of the floor area) from the remainder of the house.
Little evidence was found of the material culture or economy of the inhabitants of the Mitch-elstown houses. No pottery was recovered from the site and the few lithics were undiagnostic. The number of cereal grains recovered from the soil samples was too small to allow any in-terpretation of the economy or diet of the population. A striking aspect of the environmental material however was the large number of seeds of the Dock family. These are usually con-sidered to be weed seeds brought into houses inadvertently along with cereals. However, that is unlikely here, given the paucity of cereal grains on the site, and it may be that Dock seeds were deliberately gathered as a food source. Parallels for this have been found in Britain and Denmark where Dock seeds have been found in the gut contents of bog bodies.
The Mitchelstown houses have numerous parallels among the growing numbers of Middle Bronze Age houses now being discovered in recent Irish excavations and add to the expand-ing settlement pattern of the period.
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7 Bibliography
Barry, T.B. 1987 The Archaeology of Medieval Ireland, Routledge, London and New York.
Buckley, V. 1990, ‘Experiments using a reconstructed fulacht with a variety of rock types: implications for the petro-morphology of fulachta fiadh’ in Buckley, V. (Ed.) Burnt Offerings: international contributions to Burnt Mound Archaeology, pp.170-172. Dublin.
Cotter, E. (2005) Bronze Age Ballybrowney County Cork in Recent Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes 2004 NRA.
Daly, A., Grogan, E. (1992) Excavation of Four Barrows in Mitchelstowndown West, Knocklong, County Limerick. Discovery Programme Reports 1 pp44-60. Royal Irish Academy.
Doody, M. (1995), ‘Ballyhoura Hills project’, Discovery Programme Reports 2, 12-44. Royal Irish Academy. Dublin.
Doody, M. (1999), ‘Ballyhoura Hills project’, Discovery Programme Reports 5, 97-110. Royal Irish Academy. Dublin.
Doody, M. 2000. ‘Bronze Age houses in Ireland’, in Desmond, A., Johnson, G., McCarthy, M., Sheehan, J. and Shee Twohig, E. New Agendas in Irish Prehistory. Bray, Wordwell.
Hanley, K 2002 ’AR85/86, Knocksaggart’, in I Bennett (ed.) Excavations 2000 - summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland, 32-3. Wordwell Ltd., Wicklow.
Hull, G. (in preparation). ‘Excavation of a Bronze Age Round House at Knockdomny, Co. Westmeath’, Submitted to The Journal of Irish Archaeology.
Kelly, M.J. (1989) Early Ireland An Introduction to Irish Prehistory. Cambridge University Press.
MacDonagh, M. 2005. ‘Valley bottom and hilltop; 6,000 years of settlement along the route of the N4 Sligo Inner Relief Road’, pp. 9-23 in O’Sullivan, J. and Stanley, M. (eds.) Recent Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes 2004. Dublin, NRA.
McQuade, M. In Preparation. Archaeological Excavation of Pre-historic settlement sites at Knockhouse Lower and Carrickpherish, Co. Waterford, Submitted to Decies.
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Monk, M. 1995 A Tale of Two Ringforts Lisleagh I and II in Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society Vol.100 p105-116.
Nevill, W E 1974 Geology and Ireland. Allen Figgis, Dublin.
Nicholls, K. W. (1993) ‘The development of lordship in County Cork 1300-1600’, in Buttimer, C. G. and O Flanagan, P. (ed) Cork-History and Society, 157-212. Geography Publications. Dublin.
NRA Archaeological Discoveries N8 Watergrasshill Bypass.
NRA Archaeological Discoveries N8 Rathcormac Fermoy.
O’Brien, A. F., 1993, ‘Politics, Economy and Society : The development of Cork and the Irish south-coast region c.1170 to c.1583’, in O’Flanagan, P. and Buttimer, C. (ed) Cork-History and Society , 83-156. Geography Publications. Dublin.
Ó Néill, J. 2003. ‘Kilmurry North, Co. Wicklow (01E0572)’, in Bennet, I. (ed.) Excavations 2001. Bray, Wordwell.
Parker Pearson, M. and Richards, C. 1994a. ‘Architecture and Order: Spatial Representation and Archaeology’, in M Parker Pearson and C Richards (eds). Architecture and Order, Approaches to Social Space, 38-72. Routledge, London.
Power, D., Lane, S., and Byrne, E., Egan, U., Sleeman, M., with Cotter, E., Monk, J. (2000), Archaeological Inventory of County Cork, Volume 4: North Cork Parts I & II. Dublin.
Power B., 2000 White Knights, Dark Earls. The Collins Press. Cork.
Roche, H. and Grogan, E. 2005 The N8 Rathcormac-Fermoy Bypass. The Prehistoric Pottery. Unpublished Report for ACS Ltd.
Sleeman A. G. and McConnell, B (1995) Geology of East Cork-~Waterford, Geological Survey of Ireland.
Smith C., 1815 (2nd ed.) The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. Guy and Co. Ltd. Cork.
Waddell, J. (1998) The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland. GUP. Galway.
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Woodman, P.C. (1989) ‘The mesolithic in Munster: a preliminary assessment’, in Bonsall, C (ed), The Mesolithic in Europe, 116-24. John Donald. Edinburgh.
Woodman, P.C. (2000) ‘Hammers and Shoeboxes: New Agendas for Prehistory’ in New Agendas in Irish Prehistory. Papers in commemoration of Liz Anderson. Wordwell, 1-10.
7.1 Other Sources
Record of Monuments and Places (RMP), Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, 7 Ely Place Upper, Dublin 2.
Topographical Files of the National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2.
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8 Figures
Figure 1 Portion of Discovery Map showing route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road.
Bronze Age
Medieval
Post-medieval
Legend
04E1071Mitchelstown 2
04E1072Mitchelstown 1
04E1121 Stagpark 2
04E1120Stagpark 1
04E1119Spagpark 3
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Figure 2 Portion of RMP sheets CO010 and CO019 showing route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road.
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Figure 3 Portion of 1st edition OS maps sheets CO010 and CO019 showing Mitchelstown Demesne and the route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road.
Area A
Area B
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Figure 4 Route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road showing location of all archaeological sites.
0 5 m1 m
N
95,100
95,120
95,115
95,110
95,105
105,120
A
A1
B
B1
C
C1
D1
D
E E1
FF1
378399
482
418
422
482395
493
557
491
504
501
574
575
506
556
573
317
315
140
318
411
419
549
553
400
392
376
536
400
461461
383
381402
426
427
447
445438
509
422
379
579
405512
498
389
404
461
373
488
415
515
527
548
541
565
566
464
467
466
434
522
544
479
477
505 502
533432362
253
532
449
463
543
571
569
564
521
519
206
203
335
250
364
57286
6375
4047
57
31
7223 74
1837
20
21
130
158135173
577
46
8969
62
2642
413
30
60
38
55
25
34
35
127
129
45
56138
159
161
53
200
28
556
House A
House B
House C
Legend
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Figure 5 Post excavation plan of Area A.
N107,108
107,105
0 50 cm50 cm
495
495
515
495
492
415
488
495
495
495
415
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Figure 6 Mid- excavation plan showing slot trench for House B (beige) cutting slot trench for House C (blue).
N
A A1
A A1
0 1 m50 cm
#
# ##
# #
#
##
#
#
##
#
##
# 367
366
C.368
C.368
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Figure 7 Post-excavation plan and section of isolated pit C.368 in Area B.
0 1 m50 cm
A
South Facing Sectionof cut 26 and fill 27
E E1
North Facing section of cut 53
South west facing sectionof cut 31 and fills 32 and 33
B B1
North facing section of cut 40and fills 41 and 44
C C1
South facing section of cut63 and fills 64 and 66
F F1
North west section of cut57
A1
26
27
33 31
32
41
44
40
64
6366
57
53
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
31
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Figure 8 Cross sections through some of typical structural postholes on the site.
0mm 200mm
0mm 200mm
0mm 200mm
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
32
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Figure 9 Illustration of quern stones 04E1072:1:6, 04E1072:387:13 and 04E1072:529:24.
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
33
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Plate 2 Aerial view of Houses A, B and C from the west.
Plate 1 Aerial view of Houses A, B and C from the north.
9 Plates
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
34
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Plate 4 Detail of C252 hearth House C.
Plate 3 Detail of slot trench for wall of House A.
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
35
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Plate 6 View of quern stone 04E1072:387:13 (listed as 07 in quern stones plates of artefacts).
Plate 5 View of quern stone 04E1072:1:6 (listed as 04 in quern stones plates of artefacts).
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
36
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Plate 8 View of flint artefacts 04E1072:1:1, 04E1072:1:3, 04E1072:6:1, 04E1072:325:1 and 04E1072:450:1.
Plate 7 View of quern stone 04E1072:529:24 (listed as 06 in quern stones plates of artefacts).
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
37
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
10 Appendix 1 Matrix
Please see accompanying CD-ROM for matrix.
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
1T
OPS
OIL
225
2530
,38
Silty
sand
. Fre
quen
t lar
ge a
nd m
ediu
m
stone
s. Fi
ll of
stru
ctur
al sl
ot
tren
chH
ouse
A3
Bulk
soil:
23,
26
, 42
Cha
r-co
al: 2
53
2893
97, 1
25G
ritty
silt.
Fre
quen
t med
ium
ston
es
and
occ.
bur
nt st
one
Fill
of in
tern
al sl
ot
tren
ch C
28H
ouse
A3
Bulk
soil:
12,
46
442
421
Dar
k br
own/
blac
k sil
t. O
cc. b
urnt
sto
ne a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Fill
of in
tern
al sl
ot
tren
ch C
42H
ouse
A3
Bulk
soil:
20
546
461
Dar
k br
own
silty
sand
. Fre
quen
t me-
dium
ston
es a
nd c
harc
oal f
leck
sBu
rt p
it fil
l with
in
Hou
se A
Hou
se A
2Bu
lk so
il: 2
1 C
harc
oal:
226
1819
37N
on-a
rcha
eolo
gica
lU
pper
fill
of g
eolo
gica
l sin
k ho
le.
1:fli
nt7
Num
ber c
ance
lled
813
013
01
Silty
sand
. Occ
med
ium
ston
es, f
re-
quen
t cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
nsBu
rnt p
it fil
l with
in
Hou
se A
Hou
se A
2
Bulk
soil:
50
Cha
rcoa
l: 5
1,
579,
10,
11
NO
N-A
RCH
AEO
LOG
ICA
L 12
2323
24da
rk b
row
n si
lt. p
acki
ng st
ones
at
sides
and
bas
e.Pa
ckin
g fil
l of s
truc
-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
1Bu
lk so
il: 4
13N
ON
-ARC
HA
EOLO
GIC
AL
1420
201
Dar
k br
own
sand
y sil
t with
pac
king
sto
nes;
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
nsFi
ll of
inte
rnal
dou
ble
post
hole
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il: 7
C
harc
oal:8
1545
451
Dar
k gr
ey/b
lack
silt
with
occ
.ston
es
and
char
coal
incl
usio
nsFi
ll of
stru
ctur
al
post
hole
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il:27
1635
351
Dar
k gr
ey/b
lack
, silt
with
occ
smal
l sto
nes a
nd fr
eque
nt c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Fill
of ir
regu
lar
(was
te?)
pit
Hou
se A
2Bu
lk so
il:18
C
harc
oal:
1, 2
1737
3618
Dar
k gr
ey/b
lack
, slig
htly
grit
ty si
lt w
ith fr
eque
nt c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
3
11
Appe
ndix
2 C
onte
xt R
egist
er
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
39
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
186,
19
1719
Non
-arc
haeo
logi
cal
Cut
of s
ink
hole
?19
1818
6N
on-a
rcha
eolo
gica
lLo
wer
fill
of si
nk
hole
?Bu
lk so
il/Bu
rnt b
one:
320
14N
at.
14Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.3m
x 0
.28m
x 0
.24m
de
ep, s
teep
side
s and
flat
bas
eC
ut o
f int
erna
l dou
-bl
e po
stho
leH
ouse
A1
2122
Nat
.22
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.2
m x
0.2
4m x
0.2
6m
deep
, ste
ep si
des a
nd c
onca
ve b
ase
Cut
of i
nter
nal d
ou-
ble
post
hole
Hou
se A
1
2221
211
Dar
k br
own/
grey
, san
dy si
lt w
ith fr
e-qu
ent c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Fill
of in
tern
al d
oubl
e po
stho
leH
ouse
A3
Bulk
soil:
9
Cha
rcoa
l: 10
2312
, 24
Nat
.12
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.2
8m x
0.3
2m x
0.3
9m
deep
, ste
ep si
des a
nd fl
at b
ase
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
A1
2423
121
Dar
k br
own,
grit
ty si
lt w
ith o
cc. c
har-
coal
incl
usio
nsU
pper
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
A3
Bulk
soil:
6
252
34, 3
63?
2C
urvi
ng sl
ot tr
ench
; 0.2
6m-o
.55m
w
ide,
max
. dep
th 0
.26m
, ste
ep si
des
and
sligh
tly c
onca
ve b
ase
Foun
datio
n slo
t tr
ench
for w
all o
f H
ouse
A.
Hou
se A
1
2627
Nat
.27
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.2
7m x
0.2
9m x
0.4
4m
deep
, ste
ep ir
regu
lar s
ides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e
Cut
of e
ntra
nce
post
hole
Hou
se A
1
2726
261
Mid
-bro
wn/
blac
k, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc.
pack
ing
stone
s at e
dges
and
freq
uent
ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
-esp
ecia
lly n
ear b
ase
Fill
of e
ntra
nce
post
hole
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
1
283,
93
Nat
.93
Line
ar sl
ot tr
ench
, 3.6
4m lo
ng x
0.2
4m
wid
e x
0.08
m d
eep,
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at
irreg
ular
bas
e
Foun
datio
n slo
t tr
ench
for i
nter
nal
divi
ding
wal
l
Hou
se A
1
2930
301
Mid
-bro
wn/
blac
k, sa
ndy
silt w
ith
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
nsFi
ll of
ent
ranc
e po
stho
leH
ouse
A3
Bulk
soil:
13
Cha
rcoa
l: 16
, 17
3029
229
Circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.28m
dia
met
er x
0.
44m
dee
p, st
eep
sides
and
con
cave
ba
se
Cut
of e
ntra
nce
post
hole
Hou
se A
1
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
40
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
3132
, 33
Nat
.33
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.3
6m x
0.4
1m x
0.4
1m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
flat
and
ir-
regu
lar b
ase.
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
le.
Hou
se A
3
3231
331
Dar
k br
own,
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. cha
r-co
al in
clus
ions
. 0.2
6m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
4 C
harc
oal:
1533
3131
32Si
lty c
lay
with
occ
. lar
ge p
acki
ng
stone
s and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
A1
34N
at.
25O
val c
ut, 1
m x
0.8
m. F
illed
with
dar
k br
own
silt.
Exca
vate
d to
0.5
m d
eep.
Cut
and
fill
of n
atu-
ral s
ink
hole
Hou
se A
?
3516
Nat
.16
Irre
gula
r ova
l pit,
1.2
m x
0.5
m x
0.1
6m
deep
, ste
ep si
des a
nd ir
regu
lar b
ase
Cut
of p
it fo
r bur
nt
was
te?
Hou
se A
2
3637
3717
Dar
k br
own,
sand
y cl
ay w
ith se
vera
l la
rge
pack
ing
stone
sPa
ckin
g fil
l of s
truc
-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
1
3717
, 36
Nat
.36
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.3
4m x
0.3
m x
0.2
6m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e C
ut o
f str
uctu
ral
post
hole
Hou
se A
1
3839
239
Ova
l, 0.
29m
x 0
.24m
x 0
.18m
dee
p,
stee
p sid
es a
nd sl
ight
ly c
onca
ve b
ase
Cut
of p
ossib
ly st
ruc-
tura
l pos
thol
e ne
ar
entr
ance
Hou
se A
1
3938
381
Ligh
t bla
ck/b
row
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc.
pack
ing
stone
s and
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
Fill
of p
ossib
ly st
ruc-
tura
l pos
thol
e ne
ar
entr
ance
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il:19
4041
, 44
Nat
.44
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.4
m x
0.3
6m x
0.3
5m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
flat
, irr
egul
ar
base
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
A1
4140
441
Mid
-gre
y/br
own,
sand
y sil
t with
occ
ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
and
sand
y cl
ay
patc
hes.
0.11
m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il:24
424
Nat
.4
Line
ar sl
ot tr
ench
, 2.4
m x
0.3
5m x
0.
08m
dee
p, v
ertic
al si
de to
wes
t, ge
n-tly
slop
ing
othe
rwise
and
flat
bas
e
Cut
of s
lot/f
ound
a-tio
n tr
ench
for p
os-
sible
thre
shol
d
Hou
se A
1
43ca
ncel
led
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
41
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
4440
4041
, 47
Mid
-bro
wn/
oran
ge, g
ritty
sand
y cl
ay
with
occ
. med
ium
pac
king
ston
e an
d oc
c. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.3
5m d
eep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
A1
4515
Nat
.15
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.
3m x
0.2
4m x
0.4
4m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e C
ut o
f str
uctu
ral
post
hole
Hou
se A
1
465
496
5Su
b-tr
iang
ular
pit,
1.2
m x
1.1
m x
0.
13m
dee
p, st
eep
nort
h sid
e, ir
regu
lar
othe
rwise
and
irre
gula
r bas
e
Cut
of i
rreg
ular
po
ssib
le p
it fo
r bur
nt
was
te?
Hou
se A
2
4748
4448
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.32m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
eC
ut o
f sup
port
stak
e-ho
le fo
r pos
thol
eH
ouse
A1
4847
471
Ligh
t bro
wn,
fine
silty
sand
with
occ
. pe
bble
s.Fi
ll of
supp
ort s
take
-ho
le fo
r pos
thol
eH
ouse
A3
49N
at.
1 or
25
?Li
ght g
rey/
blac
k, c
laye
y sil
t with
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
. 0.5
m x
0.1
1m x
0.
2m d
eep
Line
ar b
urnt
cha
rcoa
l sp
read
?H
ouse
A?
5053
511
Dar
k gr
ey/b
row
n, si
lty sa
nd w
ith o
cc.
smal
l sto
nes a
nd fr
eque
nt c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.35m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il: 2
8
5153
5350
Ligh
t bro
wn
clay
ey sa
nd w
ith se
vera
l la
rge
pack
ing
stone
s. 0.
35m
dee
pPa
ckin
g fil
l of s
truc
-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
1Bu
lk so
il: 2
9
5262
621
Dar
k br
own/
blac
k sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc.
med
ium
bur
nt st
ones
and
freq
uent
ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
. 0.2
1m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole
with
in sl
ot tr
ench
25
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il: 3
0
5350
, 51
Nat
.51
Sub-
rect
angu
lar (
circ
ular
at b
ase)
, 0.
4m x
0.2
9m x
0.5
m d
eep,
ver
y st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
A1
5455
5512
5Bl
ack
silt w
ith o
cc.l
smal
l sto
nes a
nd
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. 0
.14m
de
ep
Fill
of ir
regu
lar p
os-
sible
pit
for b
urnt
w
aste
?
Hou
se A
2Bu
lk so
il: 3
1 C
harc
oal:
33
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
42
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
5554
Nat
.54
Irre
gula
r ova
l pit,
1.0
9m x
0.5
9m x
0.
14m
dee
p, st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
eC
ut o
f irr
egul
ar
poss
ible
pit
for b
urnt
w
aste
?
Hou
se A
2
56N
ON
-ARC
HA
EOLO
GIC
AL
Cha
rcoa
l: 32
5758
Nat
.58
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.
15m
x 0
.18m
x 0
.36m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
eC
ut o
f sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 4
0
Hou
se A
1
5857
571
Mid
-bro
wn
gritt
y, cl
ayey
sand
with
oc
c. sm
all p
ebbl
es. 0
.36m
dee
pFi
ll of
stak
ehol
e as
so-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 4
0
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il: 3
4
5960
6025
Blac
k/br
own
silt w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.07m
dee
pFi
ll of
stak
ehol
e pr
e-ce
ding
con
stru
ctio
n of
Hou
se A
Hou
se
A?
?Bu
lk so
il: 3
5
6059
Nat
.59
Ova
l 0.2
3m x
0.1
2m x
0.0
9m d
eep,
gr
adua
lly sl
opin
g sid
es, b
ut st
eepe
r at
NE
and
sligh
tly c
onca
ve b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
pre
-ce
ding
con
stru
ctio
n of
Hou
se A
Hou
se
A?
?
61N
ON
-ARC
HA
EOLO
GIC
AL
Hou
se A
1 &
2:
post-
me-
diev
al
pott
ery
sher
ds
Cha
rcoa
l :43
6252
252
Ova
l , 0
.16m
x 0
.11m
x 0
.21m
dee
p,
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
w
ithin
slot
tren
ch 2
5H
ouse
A1
6364
, 66
Nat
.66
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.4
m x
0.3
5m x
0.3
6m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e C
ut o
f str
uctu
ral
post
hole
Hou
se A
1
6463
631
Mid
-gre
y/br
own
clay
ey si
lt w
ith o
cc.
med
ium
ston
es a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.35m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il:38
65N
at.
1D
ark
grey
/bla
ck, s
ilty
clay
with
fre-
quen
t cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
Non
-arc
h.H
ouse
A?
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
43
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
6663
6364
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, mid
-bro
wn/
oran
ge, g
ritty
sand
y cl
ay w
ith se
vera
l la
rge
pack
ing
stone
s aro
und
the
edge
an
d oc
c. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.3
5m
deep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
A1
67N
o de
tails
Non
-arc
h.H
ouse
A68
6973
1M
id-b
lack
/bro
wn
silty
sand
with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s and
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.1
8m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
pos
sibly
st
ruct
ural
pos
thol
e in
slo
t tre
nch
25
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il:36
C
harc
oal:
37
6968
, 73
273
Ova
l, 0.
37m
x 0
.26m
x 0
.18m
dee
p,
very
stee
p sid
es a
nd sl
ight
ly c
onca
ve
base
Cut
of p
ossib
ly st
ruc-
tura
l pos
thol
e in
slot
tr
ench
25
Hou
se A
1
7072
711
Dar
k gr
ey/b
lack
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s and
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.1
6m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
inte
rnal
po
stho
leH
ouse
A3
Bulk
soil:
39
Cha
rcoa
l: 40
7172
7270
Ligh
t bro
w si
lty sa
nd w
ith se
vera
l pa
ckin
g sto
nes.
0.23
m d
eep
Pack
ing
fill o
f int
er-
nal p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
1
7270
,71
Nat
.71
Circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.3m
dia
met
er x
0.
23m
dee
p, v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at
base
Cut
of i
nter
nal
post
hole
Hou
se A
1
7369
6968
Mid
-gre
y/br
own/
oran
ge, s
ilty
sand
w
ith fr
eque
nt m
ediu
m p
acki
ng st
ones
at
the
edge
and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lu-
sions
. 0.1
8m d
eep
Pack
ing
fill o
f pos
-sib
ly st
ruct
ural
pos
t-ho
le in
slot
tren
ch 2
5
Hou
se A
1Bu
lk so
il:41
74N
at.
1O
val d
epos
it, 0
.3m
x 0
.2m
NW
/SE,
lig
ht b
row
n/re
d cl
ayBu
rnt c
lay
spre
ad/
patc
h-po
ssib
le h
eart
hH
ouse
A2
7576
, 77
Nat
.77
Circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.42m
x 0
.45m
x
0.37
m d
eep,
ver
y st
eep
sides
and
sli
ghtly
con
cave
and
irre
gula
r bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
C1
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
44
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
7675
771
Dar
k br
own,
fine
cla
yey
silt w
ith o
cc.
med
ium
ston
es a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.22m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se C
3Bu
lk so
il:45
7775
7576
, 78
Mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n, fi
ne c
laye
y sil
t w
ith fr
eque
nt m
ediu
m p
acki
ng st
ones
an
d oc
c. sm
all s
tone
s. 0.
37m
dee
p
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
C1
7879
7779
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
8m x
0.1
m x
0.2
3m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
eC
ut o
f sup
port
ing
stak
ehol
e fo
r pos
thol
e 75
Hou
se C
1
7978
781
Mid
-bro
wn
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. sm
all
pebb
les.
0.23
m d
eep
Fill
of su
ppor
ting
stak
ehol
e fo
r pos
thol
e 75
Hou
se C
3
80N
at.
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.05m
dia
m. x
0.1
m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. fr
agm
ents
of b
urnt
ston
e
Cut
and
fill
of h
abi-
tatio
n ph
ase
stak
e-ho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
poss
ible
hea
rth
74
Hou
se A
2Bu
lk so
il: 4
4
81N
at.
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.04m
-0.0
6m d
iam
. X
0.1m
dee
p, v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
oc
c. fr
agm
ents
of b
urnt
ston
e
Cut
and
fill
of h
abi-
tatio
n ph
ase
stak
e-ho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
poss
ible
hea
rth
74
Hou
se A
2
82N
at.
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.04m
-0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x
0.05
m-0
.1m
dee
p, v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd
poin
ted
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. fra
gmen
ts o
f bur
nt st
one
Cut
and
fill
of h
abi-
tatio
n ph
ase
stak
e-ho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
poss
ible
hea
rth
74
Hou
se A
2
83N
at.
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.04m
-0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x
0.05
m-0
.1m
dee
p, v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd
poin
ted
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. fra
gmen
ts o
f bur
nt st
one
Cut
and
fill
of h
abi-
tatio
n ph
ase
stak
e-ho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
poss
ible
hea
rth
74
Hou
se A
2
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
45
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
84N
at.
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.04m
-0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x
0.05
m-0
.1m
dee
p, v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd
poin
ted
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. fra
gmen
ts o
f bur
nt st
one
Cut
and
fill
of h
abi-
tatio
n ph
ase
stak
e-ho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
poss
ible
hea
rth
74
Hou
se A
2
8586
Nat
.1
Ligh
t ora
nge/
brow
n sa
ndy
silt w
ith
occ.
larg
e an
d m
ediu
m p
acki
ng st
ones
(m
ainl
y in
eas
t of f
ill).
0.3m
dee
p
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
C3
Bulk
soil:
47
8685
Nat
.85
Ova
l, 0.
4m x
0.3
5m x
0.3
m d
eep,
ver
y st
eep
sides
and
slig
htly
con
cave
bas
eC
ut o
f str
uctu
ral
post
hole
Hou
se C
1
8788
Nat
.88
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
2m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
eC
ut o
f sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 7
5
Hou
se C
1
8887
871
Mid
-bro
wn
fine
clay
ey si
lt w
ith v
ery
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns a
nd o
cc. t
iny
pebb
les.
0.12
m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole
asso
-ci
ated
with
stru
ctur
al
post
hole
75
Hou
se C
3
8990
290
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
7m x
0.15
m x
0.1
2m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd c
onca
ve b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
in
slot t
renc
h 25
Hou
se A
1
9089
891
Mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd. 0
.12m
de
epFi
ll of
stak
ehol
e in
slo
t tre
nch
25H
ouse
A3
9192
Nat
.92
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.0
5m x
0.1
m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
eC
ut o
f sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 7
5
Hou
se C
1
9291
911
Mid
-bro
wn
fine
silty
sand
with
ver
y oc
c. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
and
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s. 0.
1m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole
asso
-ci
ated
with
stru
ctur
al
post
hole
75
Hou
se C
3
9328
283
Dar
k gr
ey/b
row
n sil
ty c
lay
with
occ
. sm
all b
urnt
ston
es. 0
.05m
dee
pPa
ckin
g fil
l of i
nter
-na
l slo
t tre
nch
Hou
se A
1
9495
Nat
.95
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.12m
de
ep, v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
ass
o-ci
ated
with
stru
ctur
al
post
hole
75
Hou
se C
1
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
46
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
9594
941
Mid
-bro
wn
fine
clay
ey si
lt w
ith o
cc.
pebb
les a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.1
2m
deep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole
asso
-ci
ated
with
stru
ctur
al
post
hole
75
Hou
se C
3Bu
lk so
il:49
9697
971
NO
N-A
RCH
AEO
LOG
ICA
LC
harc
oal:
4897
963
96N
ON
-ARC
HA
EOLO
GIC
AL
Non
-arc
h. P
roba
ble
rabb
it bu
rrow
at b
ase
of 2
8
Hou
se A
?
9899
Nat
.99
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.11m
de
ep, v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
ass
o-ci
ated
with
stru
ctur
al
post
hole
75
Hou
se C
1
9998
991
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s. 0.
11m
dee
pFi
ll of
stak
ehol
e as
so-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 7
5
Hou
se C
3
100
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.1
1m d
iam
eter
x 0
.275
m
deep
, ste
ep si
des a
nd b
lunt
poi
nted
ba
se. M
id-b
lack
/bro
wn,
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith in
tern
al d
oubl
e po
stho
le 2
0/21
Hou
se A
1
101
159
159
1N
o de
tails
Fill
of li
near
tren
ch
NE
of H
ouse
AH
ouse
A?
102
103
Nat
.10
3C
ircul
ar, 0
.07m
dia
met
er x
0.1
4m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
eC
ut o
f sta
keho
le, g
roup
A2
103
102
102
1D
ark
brow
n fin
e cl
ayey
silt
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s and
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
0.14
m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole,
gr
oup
A2
104
105
Nat
.10
5C
ircul
ar, 0
.06m
dia
met
er x
0.1
2m
deep
, ver
y st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
eC
ut o
f sta
keho
le, g
roup
A2
105
104
104
1M
id-o
rang
e/br
own,
grit
ty si
lty sa
nd,
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s. 0.
12m
dee
pFi
ll of
stak
ehol
e,
grou
p A
2
106
107
Nat
.10
7Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.08m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.11m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
eC
ut o
f sta
keho
le, g
roup
A2
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
47
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
107
106
106
1M
id-o
rang
e/br
own,
silty
sand
, with
oc
c. ti
ny p
ebbl
es. 0
.11m
dee
pFi
ll of
stak
ehol
e,
grou
p A
2
108
109
Nat
.10
9Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.05m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.11m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
eC
ut o
f sta
keho
le, g
roup
A2
109
108
108
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll, w
ith o
cc.
tiny
pebb
les.
0.11
m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole,
gr
oup
A2
110
No
deta
ilsN
on-a
rch.
111
No
deta
ilsN
on-a
rch.
112
113
Nat
.11
3C
ircul
ar, 0
.07m
dia
met
er x
0.15
m
deep
, ste
ep si
des a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
, gro
up A
2
113
112
112
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll, w
ith o
cc.
tiny
pebb
les.
0.15
m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole,
gr
oup
A2
114
115
Nat
.11
5Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.05m
x 0
.06m
x x
0.1
3m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
, gro
up A
2
115
114
114
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll, w
ith o
cc.
tiny
pebb
les a
nd v
ery
occ.
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.1
3m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole,
gr
oup
A2
Bulk
soil:
53
116
117
Nat
.11
7Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.12m
x 0
.15m
x x
0.2
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
, gro
up A
2
117
116
116
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll, w
ith o
cc.
tiny
pebb
les.
0.26
m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole,
gr
oup
A2
Bulk
soil:
56
118
119
Nat
.11
9C
ircul
ar, 0
.05m
dia
met
er x
0.0
9m
deep
, ste
ep si
des a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
, gro
up A
2
119
118
118
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll, w
ith o
cc.
tiny
pebb
les.
0.09
m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole,
gr
oup
A2
120
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
3m x
0.1
m x
0.2
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
D
ark
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. c
har-
coal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith in
tern
al d
oubl
e po
stho
le 2
0/21
Hou
se A
2
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
48
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
121
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
9m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
2m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
D
ark
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. c
har-
coal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith in
tern
al d
oubl
e po
stho
le 2
0/21
Hou
se A
2C
harc
oal:
52
122
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.13m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Dar
k br
own,
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. cha
r-co
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith in
tern
al d
oubl
e po
stho
le 2
0/21
Hou
se A
2
123
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.1m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Dar
k br
own,
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. cha
r-co
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith in
tern
al d
oubl
e po
stho
le 2
0/21
Hou
se A
2
124
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
8m x
0.0
6m x
0.1
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
D
ark
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. c
har-
coal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith in
tern
al d
oubl
e po
stho
le 2
0/21
Hou
se A
2
125
3, 5
4,
126
12.
2m x
0.3
m S
E/N
W x
0.0
4m d
eep
with
gra
dual
ly sl
opin
g sid
es a
nd fl
at
base
. Lig
ht b
row
n sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc.
stone
s
Line
ar (p
ossib
le
furr
ow) d
epos
it ov
er-ly
ing
stru
ctur
al
post
hole
127
Hou
se A
?
126
127
127
125
Ligh
t bro
wn
silty
cla
y Fi
ll of
stru
ctur
al
post
hole
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il:54
127
126
Nat
.12
6O
val,
0.34
m x
0.4
m x
0.4
7m d
eep
with
ve
ry st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e slo
ping
do
wn
to th
e N
E. D
ark
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
A1
128
129
129
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll, w
ith o
cc.
med
ium
, fre
quen
t sm
all a
nd 1
larg
e sto
ne .
0.24
m d
eep
Fill
of ra
bbit
burr
ow?
Link
ed to
rabb
it bu
r-ro
w 9
7
NO
N-A
RCH
AEO
LOG
ICA
LBu
lk so
il: 5
5
129
128
Nat
.12
8Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.66m
x 0
.5m
x 0
.24m
, st
eep
sides
and
irre
gula
r bas
eC
ut o
f rab
bit b
urro
w?
Link
ed to
rabb
it bu
r-ro
w 9
7
NO
N-A
RCH
AEO
LOG
ICA
L
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
49
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
130
8N
at. o
r 2?
8Ir
regu
lar o
val p
it, 0
.85m
x 0
.6m
x
0.2m
dee
p, g
ently
slop
ing
sides
and
irr
egul
ar b
ase
Cut
of i
rreg
ular
pit
for b
urnt
was
te?
Hou
se A
2
131
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
7m x
0.0
8m x
0.1
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll.
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
M a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
35
Hou
se A
1
132
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
9m x
0.1
1m x
0.1
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
, gro
up B
Hou
se A
2
133
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
2m x
0.0
9m x
0.2
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll.
Cut
fill
of st
akeh
ole,
gr
oup
BH
ouse
A2
Bulk
soil:
59
134
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
9m d
iam
eter
x 0
.18m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll.
Cut
fill
of st
akeh
ole,
gr
oup
BH
ouse
A2
135
136,
16
0N
at.
160
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.4
8m x
0.3
8m x
0.4
m
deep
with
ver
y st
eep
sides
and
flat
but
irr
egul
ar b
ase.
Dar
k br
own,
sand
y sil
t fil
l with
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
A1
136
135
160
1D
ark
brow
n fin
e sa
ndy
clay
, with
occ
. sm
all a
nd m
ediu
m st
ones
and
2 la
rge
flat s
tone
s and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
0.23
m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il: 6
5
137
138
138
1N
o de
tails
Non
-arc
hH
ouse
A?
Bulk
soil:
58
138
137
Nat
.13
7N
o de
tails
Non
-arc
hH
ouse
A?
139
140
156
1M
id-b
lack
/bro
wn
sand
y sil
t, w
ith fr
e-qu
ent c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.2
5m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
140
at n
orth
end
of s
lot
tren
ch 2
8
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il:60
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
50
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
140
139,
15
6N
at.
156
Circ
ular
, 0.4
1m d
iam
eter
x 0
.24m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
step
ped
base
-de
epes
t whe
re fi
ll 13
9 sto
od in
sect
ion.
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
le 1
40 a
t nor
th
end
of sl
ot tr
ench
28
Hou
se A
1
141
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.15m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
C a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
73
Hou
se C
1
142
143
1C
ircul
ar, 0
.06m
dia
met
er x
0.1
3m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
tiny
pebb
les
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
C
asso
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruc-
tura
l pos
thol
e 17
3
Hou
se C
1 or
2
143
Nat
.14
2Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.08m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.08m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
irre
gula
r ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith
occ.
tiny
peb
bles
and
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
C
asso
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruc-
tura
l pos
thol
e 17
3
Hou
se C
1
144
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
9m d
iam
eter
x 0
.2m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. t
iny
pebb
les a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
M a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
35
Hou
se A
1Bu
lk so
il:61
145
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
/irre
gula
r, 0.
08m
x 0
.05m
x
0.1m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
po
inte
d ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. t
iny
pebb
les
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
C a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
73
Hou
se C
1
146
Nat
.1
Rec
tang
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.4
5m x
0.1
85m
de
ep w
ith v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill.
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
C a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
73
Hou
se C
1
147
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
9m x
0.0
8m x
0.1
9m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll.
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
C a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
73
Hou
se C
1
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
51
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
148
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
55m
x 0
.09m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll.
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
C a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
73
Hou
se C
1
149
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
5m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
8m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
tiny
pebb
les.
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
M a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
35
Hou
se A
1
150
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.25m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s.
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
M a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
35
Hou
se A
1
151
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
9m d
iam
eter
x 0
.2m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up D
as
soci
ated
with
pit
130
Hou
se A
or
C2?
152
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll.
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up D
as
soci
ated
with
pit
130
Hou
se A
or
C2?
153
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
9m d
iam
eter
x 0
.2m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up D
as
soci
ated
with
pit
130
Hou
se A
or
C2?
154
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.18m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up D
as
soci
ated
with
pit
130
Hou
se A
or
C2?
155
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.11m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up D
as
soci
ated
with
pit
130
Hou
se A
or
C2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
52
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
156
140
140
139
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n, si
lty sa
nd, w
ith 8
med
ium
(p
acki
ng) s
tone
s and
freq
uent
smal
l sto
nes .
0.2
3m d
eep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
A
1Bu
lk so
il:62
157
158
158
1M
id-o
rang
e/br
own
silty
sand
with
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
. 0.3
2mFi
ll of
stak
ehol
e in
(p
ossib
le h
abita
tion?
) gr
oup
E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
Bulk
soil:
63
158
Ova
l, 0.
13m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.06m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Cut
of s
take
hole
in
(pos
sible
hab
itatio
n?)
grou
p E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
159
Nat
.1
Line
ar, 6
.5m
x 0
.5m
x 0
.06m
dee
p,
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
Sof
t, lig
ht
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. s
tone
s
Cut
and
fill
of p
rob-
able
furr
ow N
E of
H
ouse
A
Hou
se A
?
160
135
135
136,
17
6M
id-y
ello
w/b
row
n, g
ritty
silty
sand
, w
ith o
cc. l
arge
(pac
king
) sto
nes a
nd
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns .
0.4m
dee
p
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
A
18:
split
pac
king
ston
e/s
161
Nat
.1
Irre
gula
r tria
ngul
ar p
it, 0
.9m
x 0
.58m
x
0.38
m d
eep,
gen
tly sl
opin
g sid
es b
ut
vert
ical
at N
E fla
t bas
e. S
oft,
light
br
own,
sand
y cl
ay si
lt fil
l with
occ
. bu
rnt w
ood
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of ir
-re
gula
r pit
with
bur
nt
woo
d fil
l?
Hou
se A
?
Bulk
soil:
64,
66
162
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.19m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
blu
nt/ro
unde
d po
int b
ase.
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
Bulk
soil:
67
163
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
1m x
0.0
8m x
0.2
2m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Mid
-br
own
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. peb
bles
an
d ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
Bulk
soil:
68
164
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.19m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
53
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
165
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
blu
nt p
oint
ed
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
166
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.1m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
167
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
(slig
htly
und
ercu
t) an
d ro
unde
d po
int b
ase.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
168
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
9m x
0.0
85m
x 0
.18m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
Bulk
soil:
69
169
Nat
.1
Sub-
rect
angu
lar,
0.11
m x
0.7
5m x
0.
17m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd fl
at
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
oc
c. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
170
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
7m x
0.0
6m x
0.1
7m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
char
coal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
171
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.13m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up E
Hou
se A
or
C2?
172
173
174
1D
ark
brow
n, fi
ne, c
laye
y sil
t with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s and
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
0.21
m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se C
3Bu
lk so
il: 7
0
173
172,
17
4N
at.
174
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.4m
x 0
.3m
x
0.24
m d
eep
with
ver
y st
eep
sides
and
fla
t but
irre
gula
r bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
C1
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
54
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
174
173
173
172
Mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n, g
ritty
silty
sand
, w
ith se
vera
l med
ium
(pac
king
) sto
nes,
occ.
smal
l sto
nes a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
-sio
ns,
0.24
m d
eep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
C1
175
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.12m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up D
as
soci
ated
with
pit
130
Hou
se A
or
C2?
176
160
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.07m
dia
met
er x
0.1
9m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d po
int b
ase.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
M a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
35
Hou
se A
1
177
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith
occ.
tiny
peb
bles
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up D
as
soci
ated
with
pit
130
Hou
se A
or
C2?
178
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.1m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d po
int b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
M a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
35
Hou
se A
1
179
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.18m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
M a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
35
Hou
se A
1
180
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
5m x
0.0
4m x
0.0
8m
deep
with
ver
y st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
C a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
73
Hou
se C
1
181
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
3m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
tiny
pebb
les
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
C a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
73
Hou
se C
1
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
55
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
182
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
7m x
0.0
9m x
0.1
1m
deep
with
ver
y st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith
occ.
tiny
peb
bles
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
C a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
73
Hou
se C
1
183
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
9m d
iam
eter
x 0
.13m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
in g
roup
C a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le 1
73
Hou
se C
1
184
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.16m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
185
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
12m
x 0
.09m
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
and
step
ped
sides
and
po
inte
d ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2Bu
lk so
il: 7
1
186
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
17m
x 0
.13m
x 0
.15m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
187
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
9m d
iam
eter
x 0
.18m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
188
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.12m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
189
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
8m x
0.0
9m x
0.1
95m
de
ep w
ith v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
oc
c. ti
ny p
ebbl
es
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2Bu
lk so
il: 7
2
190
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
75m
dia
met
er x
0.1
8m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sa
ndy
silt f
ill w
ith o
cc.
char
coal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
56
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
191
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
4m x
0.0
45m
x 0
.09m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
sand
y sil
t fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
192
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.15m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
193
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
75m
x 0
.055
m x
0.
125m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
po
inte
d ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sa
ndy
silt f
ill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
194
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
075m
x 0
.1m
x 0
.2m
dee
p w
ith
stee
p an
d st
eppe
d sid
es a
nd ir
regu
lar
poin
ted
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
195
Nat
.1
Sub-
rect
angu
lar s
take
hole
, 0.0
7m x
0.
11m
x 0
.175
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es
and
poin
ted
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2Bu
lk so
il: 7
4
196
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
7m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
197
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
05m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
and
step
ped
sides
and
ro
unde
d po
int b
ase.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2Bu
lk so
il: 7
5
198
Nat
.1
Sub-
rect
angu
lar s
take
hole
, 0.0
85m
x
0.09
5m x
0.2
6m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es
and
blun
t bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up F
Hou
se C
2
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
57
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
199
Nat
.1
Irre
gula
r ova
l pit,
0.9
m x
0.5
5m x
0.
1m d
eep,
gra
dual
ly sl
opin
g sid
es a
nd
irreg
ular
bas
e. D
ark
grey
/bla
ck sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. s
tone
s and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of ir
-re
gula
r pit
for b
urnt
w
aste
?
Hou
se A
or
C2
200
201,
20
2N
at.
202
Irre
gula
r sub
-circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.54m
x
0.38
m x
0.3
8m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es
and
irreg
ular
bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
A
1
201
200
202
1D
ark
brow
n, fi
ne c
laye
y sil
t, w
ith o
cc.
smal
l sto
nes,
1 m
ediu
m st
one,
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
and
a c
harc
oal c
on-
cent
ratio
n ne
ar th
e su
rfac
e. 0
.1m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se A
3
Bulk
soil:
73
202
200
200
201
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n, g
ritty
sand
y cl
ay, w
ith se
vera
l m
ediu
m st
ones
. 0.
38m
dee
p
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
A
1
203
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.21m
dia
met
er x
0.
26m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
bas
e th
at sl
opes
to th
e N
E. D
ark
grey
/bla
ck
sand
y sil
t with
freq
uent
smal
l sto
nes
and
frag
men
ts o
f hea
t sha
tter
ed st
one
and
seve
ral p
acki
ng st
ones
lini
ng th
e ed
ge o
f the
cut
Cut
and
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
C1
204
Nat
.1
No
deta
ilsC
ut a
nd fi
ll of
stak
e-ho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
stru
ctur
al p
osth
ole
203
or p
it 19
9
Hou
se C
?1
205
Nat
.1
No
deta
ilsC
ut a
nd fi
ll of
stak
e-ho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
stru
ctur
al p
osth
ole
203
or p
it 19
9
Hou
se C
?1
206
580,
58
1N
at.
581
Ova
l, 0.
29m
x 0
.21
x 0.
22m
dee
p.C
ut o
f str
uctu
ral
post
hole
Hou
se C
1
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
58
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
207
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.17m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
208
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
05m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.1m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
and
step
ped
sides
and
bas
e in
clin
ed fr
om E
to W
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
209
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.07m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
210
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.2m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. Unc
lear
st
ratig
raph
y w
ith 2
11
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in (p
ossib
le
habi
tatio
n?) g
roup
G
Hou
se C
2?
211
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.21m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s and
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
Unc
lear
stra
tigra
phy
with
210
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in (p
ossib
le
habi
tatio
n?) g
roup
G
Hou
se C
2?
212
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.09m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se in
clin
ed fr
om N
to S
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
213
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.18m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
214
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.05m
x 0
.12m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
flat
bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. t
iny
pebb
les
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
59
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
215
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
216
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.08m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
217
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.16m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 7
6
218
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.11m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
219
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.1m
dee
p w
ith
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
220
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.07m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
ne st
one
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
221
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.18m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e in
clin
ed N
E to
SW
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 7
7
222
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.07m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
223
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.08m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
60
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
224
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.14m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
225
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
7m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
8m
deep
with
stee
p an
d sli
ghtly
und
er-c
ut
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
226
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
95m
x 0
.1m
x 0
.12m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
irre
gula
r po
inte
d ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
227
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
9m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
85m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
228
Nat
.1
Irre
gula
r Sub
-circ
ular
, 0.1
1m x
0.1
3m
x 0.
17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
ir-
regu
lar p
oint
ed b
ase.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. U
ncle
ar st
ratig
raph
y w
ith 2
29
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in (p
ossib
le
habi
tatio
n?) g
roup
G
Hou
se C
2?
229
Nat
.1
Irre
gula
r Sub
-circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.0
55m
x
0.12
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ir
-re
gula
r poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty
sand
fill
with
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
Unc
lear
stra
tigra
phy
with
228
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in (p
ossib
le
habi
tatio
n?) g
roup
G
Hou
se C
2?
230
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
75m
x 0
.08m
x
0.15
5m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd
roun
ded
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fil
l with
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 7
8
231
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.1
m d
iam
eter
x 0
.19m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se in
clin
ed S
W to
NE.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
61
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
232
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.1
m d
iam
eter
x 0
.07m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
233
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
75m
dia
met
er x
0.1
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ir
regu
lar f
lat
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
234
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.12m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
235
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
08m
x 0
.1m
x 0
.085
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
Mid
-br
own
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
236
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
1m x
0.0
8m x
0.1
7m d
eep
with
st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
237
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se in
clin
ed N
E to
SW
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
238
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.12m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
239
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
1m x
0.0
9m x
0.1
7m d
eep
with
st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
240
??
No
deta
ilsFi
ll of
slot
tren
ch in
H
ouse
BH
ouse
C?
241
Nat
.1
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n, g
ritty
, slig
htly
silty
sand
, with
fr
eque
nt sm
all s
tone
s. 1.
8m x
0.7
m x
0.
1m d
eep
Red
epos
ited
natu
ral
bank
on
wes
tern
edg
e of
line
ar sl
ot/fo
unda
-tio
n tr
ench
42
Hou
se C
1?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
62
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
242
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.1
m d
iam
eter
x 0
.14m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se in
clin
ed N
W to
SE.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
243
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.16m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
244
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
085m
x 0
.1m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
245
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.05m
x 0
.14m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
246
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.27m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. S
trat
igra
phy
uncl
ear w
ith 2
47, 2
48
Cut
and
fill
of w
est
sect
ion
of tr
iple
st
akeh
ole
in (p
ossib
le
habi
tatio
n?) g
roup
G
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il; 7
9
247
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.13m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill.
Str
atig
raph
y un
clea
r with
246
, 248
Cut
and
fill
of so
uth-
ern
sect
ion
of tr
iple
st
akeh
ole
in (p
ossib
le
habi
tatio
n?) g
roup
G
Hou
se C
2?
248
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
3m d
iam
eter
x 0
.16m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e in
clin
ed W
to E
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. St
ratig
raph
y un
clea
r with
246
, 247
Cut
and
fill
of e
ast
sect
ion
of tr
iple
st
akeh
ole
in (p
ossib
le
habi
tatio
n?) g
roup
G
Hou
se C
2?
249
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.09m
x 0
.14m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e in
clin
ed S
W to
NE.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se C
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
63
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
250
Nat
.1
Rec
tang
ular
, pit,
1.1
6m x
0.5
6m x
0.
12m
dee
p w
ith g
radu
ally
slop
ing
sides
, exc
ept s
teep
on
the
wes
t sid
e,
and
irreg
ular
con
cave
bas
e. S
oft,
grey
/bl
ack
sand
y sil
t occ
. pie
ces o
f red
epos
-ite
d na
tura
l and
bur
nt st
ones
and
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
Irre
gula
r rec
tang
ular
pi
t?H
ouse
C
?2?
251
241
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.15m
x 0
.14m
x 0
.24m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
fine,
silty
sand
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s
Cut
and
fill
of st
akeh
ole
poss
ibly
as
soci
ated
with
ent
ranc
e?1
or 2
252
362
362
253
Sub-
circ
ular
spre
ad,1
.4m
x 1
.6m
x
0.14
m. S
oft,
red,
bur
nt sa
ndy
clay
with
oc
c. sm
all s
tone
s.
Dep
osit
burn
t m
ater
ial-p
ossib
le
hear
th?
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 8
0
253
252
1Su
b-re
ctan
gula
r (al
mos
t tria
ngul
ar a
t ba
se) p
osth
ole,
0.4
3m x
0.3
m x
0.3
m
deep
with
ver
y st
eep
sides
(ste
pped
at
NE
side)
and
con
cave
bas
e
Poss
ible
pos
thol
e as
-so
ciat
ed w
ith p
ossib
le
hear
th 2
52
Hou
se B
or
C?
2?Bu
lk so
il: 8
6 C
harc
oal:
81
254
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se B
or
C?
2?C
harc
oal:
82
255
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.09m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
slig
htly
co
ncav
e ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. t
iny
pebb
les
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
256
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.11m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se in
clin
ed S
W to
NE.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
257
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
09m
x 0
.13m
x 0
.15m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
64
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
258
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.2m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
in-
clin
ed S
W to
NE.
Loo
se, b
lack
/bro
wn
silty
sand
with
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 8
3
259
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
65m
dia
met
er x
0.1
3m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d po
int b
ase.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
260
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
09m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.09m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
261
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
05m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.14m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith
occ.
tiny
peb
bles
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
262
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
1m x
0.1
2m x
0.1
9m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
Mid
-br
own
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
263
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
1m x
0.0
8m S
E/N
W x
0.1
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
264
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
1m x
0.0
7m S
E/N
W x
0.1
m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
265
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.06m
SE/
NW
x
0.07
5m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
266
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
65
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
267
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.1m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
268
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
25m
x 0
.13m
x 0
.14m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
con
cave
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
fine,
silty
sand
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il :8
4
269
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.05m
SE/
NW
x 0
.12m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
270
Nat
.1
Irre
gula
r Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x
0.13
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e. L
oose
, bla
ck/
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 8
5
271
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
1m x
0.0
6m x
0.1
4m d
eep
with
st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
272
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.07m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
273
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.08m
SE/
NW
x 0
.12m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
274
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se in
clin
ed E
to W
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up H
Hou
se C
2?
275
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
66
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
276
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
277
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
278
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
279
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
280
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
281
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
282
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
283
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
284
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
285
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
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Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
286
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
287
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
288
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
289
252
1N
o de
tails
Stak
ehol
e as
soci
ated
w
ith p
ossib
le h
eart
h 25
2
Hou
se
C?
2?
290
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.13m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
291
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.15m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
292
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
8m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
293
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.16m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
294
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
m x
0.0
9m x
0.1
8m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
68
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
295
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.1
1m d
iam
eter
x 0
.2m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
296
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.16m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
297
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.14m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
298
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.0
7m x
0.15
m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
299
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.08m
SE/
NW
x 0
.13m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
300
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
8m x
0.0
6m x
0.1
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
301
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
8m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
302
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
1m x
0.1
m x
0.2
1m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-g
rey/
brow
n sil
ty c
lay
with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
69
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
303
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
7m x
0.0
6m x
0.1
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
304
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
m x
0.0
8m x
0.1
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
char
coal
incl
usio
ns. S
trat
igra
phy
of
304/
305
is un
clea
r
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
I a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
entr
ance
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2Bu
lk so
il: 8
7
305
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
7m x
0.0
8m x
0.1
2m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll. S
trat
igra
phy
of 3
04/3
05 is
unc
lear
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
I a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
entr
ance
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
306
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.19m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill.
Str
atig
raph
y of
306
/307
is u
ncle
ar
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
I a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
entr
ance
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
307
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.14m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill.
Str
atig
raph
y of
306
/307
is u
ncle
ar
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
I a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
entr
ance
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
308
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.1
m d
iam
eter
x 0
.21m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
309
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
9m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
70
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
310
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
9m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
3m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
311
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
4m x
0.1
1m x
0.15
m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
312
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.14m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
313
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
12m
x 0
.09m
x 0
.2m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
314
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
09m
x 0
.12m
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
315
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
14m
x 0
.19m
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
(irr
egul
ar a
t nor
th
edge
) and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll. S
trat
igra
phy
of 3
15/3
16
is un
clea
r
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
I a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
entr
ance
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
316
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
09m
x 0
.11m
x 0
.29m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll. S
trat
igra
phy
of
315/
316
is un
clea
r
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
I a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
entr
ance
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
71
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
317
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.2
2m x
0.1
7m x
0.3
7m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es (s
hallo
wer
to th
e ea
st e
dge)
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
I ass
ocia
ted
with
en
tran
ce
Hou
se A
?1 o
r 2
318
319
Nat
.31
9C
ircul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.2
2m x
0.2
m x
0.
24m
dee
p w
ith v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd
irreg
ular
bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith e
ntra
nce
Hou
se A
1
319
318
319
1M
id-b
row
n fin
e, si
lty sa
nd w
ith
freq
uent
smal
l and
med
ium
(pac
king
) sto
nes a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith e
ntra
nce
Hou
se A
3Bu
lk so
il:10
7
320
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
0m x
0.1
1m x
0.2
3m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
321
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.12m
dia
met
er x
0.
24m
dee
p w
ith v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd
poin
ted
base
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
322
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
1m x
0.1
0m x
0.1
2m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
323
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
075m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.155m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
324
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
065m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.12m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
325
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.0
55m
x 0
.13m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?1:
flin
t fla
keBu
lk so
il: 8
8
326
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.0
45m
x 0
.1m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
72
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
327
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
2m x
0.1
3m x
0.1
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d ba
se. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
328
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.15
m x
0.1
3m x
0.1
3m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?C
harc
oal:
89
329
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
115m
x 0
.13m
x 0
.115
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
Mid
-br
own
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
330
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
08m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.16m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
331
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
332
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m x
0.0
6m x
0.0
6m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
Mid
-br
own
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
333
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
1m x
0.0
85m
x 0
.27m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
334
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
8m x
0.0
8m x
0.1
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up J
Hou
se C
2?
335
336
Nat
.33
6Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.2
m x
0.2
2m
x 0.
19m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
irr
egul
ar, f
lat b
ase.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
of i
nter
nal/c
en-
tral
pos
thol
e w
ithin
st
akeh
ole
grou
p J
Hou
se C
2?
336
335
335
1M
id-b
row
n/or
ange
, silt
y sa
nd w
ith
occ.
smal
l and
med
ium
(pac
king
?) sto
nes a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Fill
of in
tern
al/c
en-
tral
pos
thol
e w
ithin
st
akeh
ole
grou
p J
Hou
se C
2?
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
73
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
337
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.15m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Loo
se, b
lack
/bro
wn
silty
sand
w
ith o
cc. t
iny
pebb
les a
nd c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 9
1
338
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
065m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.18m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
339
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.05m
x 0
.1m
dee
p w
ith
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Mid
-br
own
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
340
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
08m
x 0
.14m
x 0
.15m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
(ste
pped
at S
E ed
ge)
and
poin
ted
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. t
iny
pebb
les a
nd
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
341
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.12m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Lo
ose,
bla
ck/b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd w
ith
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 9
2
342
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
05m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.14m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. t
iny
pebb
le in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
343
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.06m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Lig
ht b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
344
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
08m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.18m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc. t
iny
pebb
les a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 9
3
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
74
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
345
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
346
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.19m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Lo
ose,
bla
ck/b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd w
ith
occ.
tiny
peb
bles
and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
347
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.045
m x
0.1
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
Mid
-br
own
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. tin
y pe
bble
s and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
348
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
45m
dia
met
er x
0.1
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d ba
se. L
ight
bro
wn
silty
sand
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
349
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.1m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Li
ght b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd w
ith o
cc. p
ebbl
e in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
350
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.17m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Li
ght b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
351
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
75m
dia
met
er x
0.1
1m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d ba
se
incl
ined
sout
h to
nor
th. L
ight
bro
wn
silty
sand
with
occ
. peb
ble
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
352
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.05m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Li
ght b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd w
ith o
cc. t
iny
pebb
le in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
75
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
353
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.15m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Li
ght b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
354
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
7m d
iam
eter
x 0
.12m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
pebb
les a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 9
4
355
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
08m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.14m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Ligh
t bro
wn
silty
sand
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
356
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
6m d
iam
eter
x 0
.1m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Ligh
t bro
wn
silty
sand
with
occ
. peb
ble
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
357
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
08m
x 0
.05m
x 0
.09m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e. L
ight
br
own
silty
sand
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
358
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.085
m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d ba
se. L
ight
bro
wn
silty
sand
with
occ
. pe
bble
s and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
359
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
05m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.095
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d ba
se.
Ligh
t bro
wn
silty
sand
with
occ
. peb
-bl
es a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?Bu
lk so
il: 9
5
360
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
08m
x 0
.05m
x 0
.09m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
e. L
ight
br
own
silty
sand
with
occ
. peb
ble
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
361
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.12m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up K
Hou
se C
2?
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
76
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
362
252
Nat
.25
2O
val p
it, 2
.26m
x 1
.25m
x 0
.15m
dee
p w
ith g
radu
ally
slop
ing
sides
and
flat
ba
se
Pit c
ut- p
ossib
le
hear
thH
ouse
B
or C
?2?
363
364
365
25???
Loos
e, b
lack
/bro
wn
silty
sand
with
2
larg
e sto
nes a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
-sio
ns. 0
.28m
dee
p.
Upp
er fi
ll of
inte
rnal
st
ruct
ural
pos
thol
eH
ouse
C3
Bulk
soil:
90
364
363,
36
5N
at.
365
Ova
l, 0.
31m
x 0
.55m
x 0
.28m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
con
cave
bas
eC
ut o
f int
erna
l str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
C1
365
364
364
363
Mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd w
ith
12 m
ediu
m p
acki
ng st
ones
in 3
tier
s. 0.
33m
dee
p.
Pack
ing
fill o
f in
tern
al st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le
Hou
se C
1Bu
lk so
il: 9
6
366
368
367
1Fi
rm, b
lack
/bro
wn
clay
ey, o
cc. p
atch
es
of sc
orch
ed e
arth
(not
bur
nt c
lay)
and
fr
eque
nt la
rge
char
coal
pie
ces.
0.16
m
deep
. No
evid
ence
of i
n sit
u bu
rnin
g
Upp
er fi
ll of
larg
e pi
tA
rea
B2
Bulk
soil:
97
Cha
rcoa
l: 98
367
368
368
367
Firm
, mot
tled,
whi
te/b
row
n cl
ayey
sil
t with
, occ
. pat
ches
of s
corc
hed
eart
h (n
ot b
urnt
cla
y) a
nd fr
eque
nt
larg
e ch
arco
al p
iece
s. 0.
14m
dee
p. N
o ev
iden
ce o
f in
situ
burn
ing
Basa
l fill
of l
arge
pit
Are
a B
2C
harc
oal:
98
368
366,
36
7N
at.
367
Circ
ular
pit,
1.15
m x
1.15
m x
0.3
m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
t sou
th a
nd e
ast,
vert
ical
at n
orth
and
wes
t, an
d fla
t bas
e
Isol
ated
larg
e pi
t cu
t-pos
sible
cha
rcoa
l pr
oduc
tion
pit
Are
a B
1
369
370
370
1Fi
rm, b
row
n cl
ayey
silt
with
occ
. sm
all
stone
s and
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. 0
.05m
de
ep
Fill
of sh
allo
w p
it ea
st o
f Hou
se B
Hou
se B
??
Cha
rcoa
l: 99
370
369
Nat
.36
9O
val,
orie
ntat
ed p
it, 0
.39m
x 0
.28m
x
0.09
m d
eep
with
gra
dual
ly sl
opin
g sid
es a
nd c
onca
ve b
ase
Cut
of s
hallo
w p
it ea
st o
f Hou
se B
Hou
se B
??
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77
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
371
373
372
461
Loos
e, b
lack
, san
dy si
lt w
ith o
cc.
stone
s and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
0.35
m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
, S
side
of
entr
ance
312
: m
oder
n fr
ag-
men
t of
foil
Bulk
soil:
100
372
373
373
371
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, lig
ht b
row
n,
sand
y cl
ay w
ith fr
eque
nt la
rge
pack
ing
stone
s. 0.
4m d
eep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uctu
ral p
osth
ole
1
373
371,
37
2N
at.
372
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.7m
x 0
.6m
x
0.4m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
ba
se
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
le1
374
376
375
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty c
lay
with
occ
. me-
dium
ston
es a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.
2m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
pit
Hou
se B
2Bu
lk so
il: 1
03
375
376
376
374
Blac
k/br
own,
silty
cla
y w
ith o
cc. s
mal
l sto
nes a
nd fr
eque
nt c
harc
oal i
nclu
-sio
ns. 0
.24m
dee
p
Low
er fi
ll of
pit
Hou
se B
2Bu
lk so
il: 1
01
376
374,
37
5N
at.
375
Ova
l pit,
0.6
2m x
0.4
6m x
0.2
4m d
eep
with
gra
dual
ly sl
opin
g sid
es to
the
east
, ste
ep si
des t
o th
e w
est a
nd so
uth
and
vert
ical
side
s to
the
nort
h an
d an
irr
egul
ar fl
at b
ase
Cut
of p
it of
un-
know
n pu
rpos
eH
ouse
B2
377
378
378
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct b
lack
/gre
y, cl
ayey
sil
t with
freq
uent
larg
e pa
ckin
g sto
nes
and
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. 0
.27m
de
ep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
D
?3
Bulk
soil:
102
378
377
Nat
.37
7Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.4
m x
0.4
m x
0.
27m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd fl
at
base
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
D
?1
379
380,
38
5,
386
Nat
.38
6C
ircul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.5
m d
iam
eter
x
0.36
m d
eep
with
ver
y st
eep
sides
and
fla
t bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
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78
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
380
379
385
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct d
ark
brow
n/bl
ack,
silt
with
freq
uent
smal
l sto
nes
and
char
coal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.06m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
3
381
382,
38
7N
at.
381
Circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.5m
dia
met
er x
0.
33m
dee
p w
ith v
ery
stee
p sid
es a
nd
flat b
ase
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
382
381
387
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct d
ark
brow
n/bl
ack,
silty
sand
with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s an
d ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
. 0.0
6m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
3
383
384
Nat
.38
3Su
b-ci
rcul
ar st
one
sock
et, 0
.31m
dia
m-
eter
x 0
.09m
dee
p w
ith ir
regu
lar s
ides
an
d irr
egul
ar c
onca
ve b
ase
Cut
of s
tone
sock
et
prob
ably
rem
oved
du
ring
cons
truc
tion
of 3
81
Hou
se B
1
384
383
383
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct M
id-b
row
n sil
ty
sand
fill
with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s. 0.
09m
de
ep
Fill
of st
one
sock
etH
ouse
B?
385
379
386
380
Com
pact
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
freq
uent
pac
king
ston
es a
nd o
cc.
char
coal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.2m
dee
p
Mid
dle
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
B1?
386
379
379
385
Very
com
pact
dar
k br
own,
silty
sand
w
ith fr
eque
nt p
acki
ng st
ones
and
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
. 0.1
6m d
eep
Low
er /p
acki
ng fi
ll of
st
ruct
ural
pos
thol
eH
ouse
B1
Bulk
soil:
109
387
381
381
382
Com
pact
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
freq
uent
pac
king
ston
es a
nd o
cc.
char
coal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.33m
dee
p
Low
er /p
acki
ng fi
ll of
st
ruct
ural
pos
thol
eH
ouse
B1
13:
poss
ible
qu
ern
stone
Bulk
soil:
108
388
389
389
390
Com
pact
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
cla
y w
ith
occ.
larg
e an
d sm
all (
pack
ing?
) sto
nes
and
char
coal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.39m
dee
p
Low
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
?Bu
lk so
il: 1
04
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
79
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
389
388
Nat
.38
8O
val,
0.68
m x
0.5
2m x
0.3
9m d
eep
with
ver
tical
side
s (st
eppe
d at
nor
th)
and
irreg
ular
flat
bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
390
389
388
1M
id-b
row
n, c
laye
y sil
t with
freq
uent
la
rge
and
smal
l (pa
ckin
g?) s
tone
s and
ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
. 0.3
0m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
3
391
392
392
400
Firm
, mid
gre
y/br
own,
cla
yey
silt w
ith
occ.
smal
l sto
nes a
nd fr
eque
nt c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.28m
dee
p
Fill
of p
osth
ole
Hou
se
D?
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
05
392
391
Nat
.39
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.2
6m x
0.2
7m
x 0.
28m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
, ver
tical
at
nor
th a
nd g
radu
ally
slop
ing
at e
ast,
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e
Cut
of p
osth
ole
as-
soci
ated
with
nea
rby
stru
ctur
al p
osth
oles
Hou
se
D?
1
393
395
394
1D
ark
brow
n, sa
ndy
clay
with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s. 0.
08m
dee
pU
pper
fill
of p
roba
ble
tree
-roo
t act
ivity
Hou
se
D?
?Bu
lk so
il: 1
13
394
395
395
393
Ligh
t bro
wn,
med
ium
sand
with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s and
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
0.34
m d
eep
Low
er fi
ll of
pro
babl
e tr
ee-r
oot a
ctiv
ityH
ouse
D
??
Bulk
soil:
114
395
393,
39
440
039
4Su
b-ci
rcul
ar tr
ee-r
oot c
ut, 0
.55m
x
0.5m
x 0
.45m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des
and
sligh
tly c
onca
ve b
ase
Cut
of p
roba
ble
tree
-ro
ot a
ctiv
ityH
ouse
D
??
396
397
397
1M
id-b
lack
/bro
wn,
silty
sand
with
red
burn
t fill
at b
ase,
occ
. med
ium
and
la
rge
(pac
king
?) sto
nes a
nd fr
eque
nt
char
coal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.23m
dee
p
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le- p
art o
f pos
-sib
le e
ntra
nce
Hou
se D
or
B?
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
06,
118
397
396
414
396
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.36m
x 0
.4m
x
0.23
m d
eep
with
irre
gula
r ste
ep si
des
and
sligh
tly c
onca
ve b
ase
with
pos
sible
sig
ns o
f in
situ
burn
ing
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
le- p
art o
f pos
-sib
le e
ntra
nce
Hou
se D
or
B?
1
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80
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
398
399
399
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct, b
lack
/bro
wn,
sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. l
arge
pac
king
sto
nes a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.2
8m
deep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
D
?3
Bulk
soil:
110
C
harc
oal:
111
399
398
Nat
.39
8O
val,
0.4m
x 0
.50m
x 0
.27m
dee
p w
ith
vert
ical
side
s and
flat
bas
eC
ut o
f str
uctu
ral
post
hole
Hou
se
D?
1
400
391
1C
ompa
ct, M
id-b
row
n sil
ty c
lay
with
oc
c. st
ones
and
con
cret
e an
d ru
bber
ho
sing
frag
men
t inc
lusio
ns. 1
4m x
3m
x
0.24
m d
eep
Mod
ern
spre
ad- p
os-
sible
pos
t-med
ieva
l pa
thw
ay
Sout
h ex
tent
of
site
1
401
402
402
1Ve
ry c
ompa
ct, y
ello
w/b
row
n, si
lty c
lay
with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s. 0.
06m
dee
pFi
ll of
pit
Hou
se B
2Bu
lk so
il: 1
12
402
401
Nat
.40
1O
val p
it, 0
.38m
x 0
.68m
x 0
.06m
dee
p w
ith g
radu
ally
slop
ing
sides
, im
per-
cept
ible
to n
orth
, and
an
irreg
ular
flat
ba
se
Cut
of p
it of
un-
know
n pu
rpos
eH
ouse
B2
403
404
404
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct, b
row
n, c
laye
y sil
t w
ith o
cc. l
arge
(pac
king
?) sto
nes a
nd
char
coal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.23m
dee
p
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B
or D
?3
Bulk
soil:
115
404
403
Nat
.40
3Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.5
m x
0.4
3m
x 0.
28m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd
irreg
ular
flat
bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B
or D
?1
405
406
Nat
.40
6Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.5
2m d
iam
eter
x
0.25
m d
eep
with
nea
r ver
tical
side
s an
d irr
egul
ar fl
at b
ase
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
406
405
405
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct, b
row
n, sa
ndy
silt
with
freq
uent
larg
e pa
ckin
g sto
nes a
nd
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. 0
.25m
dee
p
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B3
Bulk
soil:
117
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
81
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
407
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
8m x
0.1
4m x
0.2
4m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Li
ght b
row
n/gr
ey si
lty sa
nd w
ith o
cc.
tiny
pebb
les a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith e
ntra
nce
(pos
sible
win
d-br
eak)
Hou
se A
1Bu
lk so
il: 1
16
408
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
m x
0.0
8m x
0.1
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith e
ntra
nce
(pos
sible
win
d-br
eak)
Hou
se A
1
409
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.1
m x
0.1
m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
pebb
les
Cut
and
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith e
ntra
nce
(pos
sible
win
d-br
eak)
Hou
se A
1
410
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
4m x
0.1
2m x
0.2
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith e
ntra
nce
(pos
sible
win
d-br
eak)
Hou
se A
1
411
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
m x
0.1
1m x
0.1
7m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith e
ntra
nce
(pos
sible
win
d-br
eak)
Hou
se A
1
412
41
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
3m x
0.1
1m x
0.2
2m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
pebb
les
Cut
and
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith e
ntra
nce
(pos
sible
win
d-br
eak)
Hou
se A
1
413
41
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
2m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
pebb
les
Cut
and
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l sta
keho
le a
sso-
ciat
ed w
ith e
ntra
nce
(pos
sible
win
d-br
eak)
Hou
se A
1
414
415
415
397
Mid
-gre
y/br
own,
silty
sand
with
occ
. la
rge
pack
ing
stone
s (ba
se li
ned
with
fla
t sto
nes)
and
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lu-
sions
. 0.5
5m d
eep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith e
ntra
nce
Hou
se B
, N
side
of
entr
ance
1Bu
lk so
il: 1
19
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82
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
415
414
499
414
Ova
l, 0.
6m x
0.9
8m x
0.5
5m d
eep
with
ve
rtic
al si
des a
nd fl
at b
ase
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l pos
thol
e as
soci
-at
ed w
ith e
ntra
nce
1
416
418
417
1M
id-b
row
n sa
ndy
clay
with
occ
. sm
all
stone
s and
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l inc
lu-
sions
. 0.0
9m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
pro
babl
e tr
ee-r
oot a
ctiv
ityH
ouse
D
??
417
418
418
416
Ligh
t bro
wn,
med
ium
sand
with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
s and
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
0.19
m d
eep
Low
er fi
ll of
pro
babl
e tr
ee-r
oot a
ctiv
ityH
ouse
D
??
418
416,
41
740
041
7Su
b-ci
rcul
ar tr
ee-r
oot c
ut, 0
.44m
x
0.44
m x
0.1
9m d
eep
with
stee
p, ir
regu
-la
r sid
es a
nd sl
ight
ly c
onca
ve b
ase
Cut
of p
roba
ble
tree
-ro
ot a
ctiv
ityH
ouse
D
??
419
420,
42
1N
at.
421
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.55m
x 0
.5m
x
0.28
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es, v
ertic
al
at e
ast a
nd w
est,
and
roun
ded/
conc
ave
poin
t bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith e
ntra
nce
Hou
se D
1
420
419
421
461
Dar
k br
own/
blac
k, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc.
burn
t sto
nes a
nd fr
eque
nt c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.23m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
asso
ci-
ated
with
ent
ranc
e
Hou
se D
1Bu
lk so
il: 1
23
421
419
419
420
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, ora
nge/
brow
n,
gritt
y, cl
ayey
sand
with
3 la
rge
and
occ.
med
ium
pac
king
ston
es. 0
.28m
de
ep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
e as
soci
-at
ed w
ith e
ntra
nce
Hou
se D
1
422
423
Nat
.42
3Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.5
5m d
iam
eter
x
0.23
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at
base
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
423
422
423
1C
ompa
ct, d
ark
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith
freq
uent
pac
king
ston
es a
nd o
cc. c
har-
coal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.23m
dee
p
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
Bulk
soil:
121
424
427
427
426
Firm
, mid
-yel
low
/bro
wn,
silty
cla
y w
ith o
cc. s
mal
l sto
nes a
nd c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.08m
dee
p
Fill
of p
itH
ouse
B3
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
83
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
425
426
426
1D
ark
brow
n, c
laye
y sil
t with
freq
uent
sm
all,
med
ium
and
larg
e sto
nes a
nd
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. 0
.32m
dee
p
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
C3
Bulk
soil:
120
426
425
424
425
Ova
l, 0.
56m
x 0
.38m
x 0
.32m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd fl
at b
ase
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
C1
427
424
446
424
Ova
l pit,
1.3
m x
1.0
5m x
0.0
7m d
eep
with
gra
dual
ly sl
opin
g sid
es to
the
nort
h an
d ea
st, i
mpe
rcep
tible
to th
e w
est a
nd so
uth,
and
flat
bas
e
Cut
of p
it of
un-
know
n pu
rpos
eH
ouse
B1
428
429
429
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct, l
ight
yel
low
/br
own,
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. sm
all
stone
s. 0.
13m
dee
p
Fill
of p
ossib
le sh
al-
low
pit
or in
com
plet
e po
stho
le? P
rob.
Non
-ar
ch -
not o
n pl
an
Hou
se B
or
D?
1
429
428
Nat
.42
8Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole/
pit,
0.45
m x
0.
49m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des,
but c
onca
ve to
the
nort
h, a
nd fl
at b
ase
incl
ined
NW
dow
n to
SE
Cut
of p
ossib
le sh
al-
low
pit
or in
com
plet
e po
stho
le? P
rob.
Non
-ar
ch -
not o
n pl
an
Hou
se B
or
D?
1
430
431
430
1N
o de
tails
Fill
of st
akeh
ole
asso
-ci
ated
with
pos
thol
e 44
9
Hou
se B
or
C?
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
22
431
430
Nat
.46
2C
ircul
ar, 0
.08m
dia
met
er x
0.15
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase
Cut
of s
take
hole
ass
o-ci
ated
with
pos
thol
e 44
9
Hou
se B
or
C?
1
432
433
Nat
.43
3So
ft, f
riabl
e, m
id-b
row
n, g
ritty
, silt
y cl
ay w
ith o
cc. s
mal
l and
med
ium
pac
k-in
g sto
nes a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.
37m
dee
p
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
433
432
433
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.4
0m x
0.4
6m
x 0.
37m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des,
but
grad
ually
slop
ing
to th
e no
rth,
and
flat
ba
se in
clin
ed so
uth
dow
n to
nor
th
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
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84
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
434
435,
43
646
543
6Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.5
1m d
iam
eter
x
0.42
m d
eep
with
ver
tical
side
s and
fla
t bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
435
434
435
1D
ark
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith fr
eque
nt
larg
e sto
nes a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
-sio
ns. 0
.33m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
25
436
434
434
435
Dar
k gr
ey si
lt w
ith o
cc. s
mal
l sto
nes
and
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. 0
.09m
de
ep
Low
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
26
437
438
438
1D
ark
grey
silty
cla
y w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.08m
dee
pFi
ll of
inte
rnal
stru
c-tu
ral s
take
hole
Hou
se B
3
438
437
Nat
.43
7C
ircul
ar, 0
.085
m d
iam
eter
x 0
.08m
de
ep w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd ro
unde
d po
int b
ase
Cut
of i
nter
nal s
truc
-tu
ral s
take
hole
Hou
se B
1
439
440
440
461
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, bro
wn,
cla
yey
silt w
ith o
cc. s
mal
l and
larg
e sto
nes.
0.26
m d
eep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B
or D
?1
440
439
Nat
.43
9Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.5
4m x
0.4
9m
x 0.
26m
dee
p w
ith ir
regu
lar s
ides
and
co
ncav
e ba
se
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B
or D
?1
441
442
442
1M
id-g
rey/
brow
n, si
lty sa
nd w
ith 7
la
rge
pack
ing
stone
s and
freq
uent
cha
r-co
al in
clus
ions
. 0.3
8m d
eep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith e
ntra
nce
Hou
se B
or
D?
1Bu
lk so
il:12
4 C
harc
oal:
127
442
441
499
441
Ova
l, 0.
46m
x 0
.35m
x 0
.38m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd c
onca
ve b
ase
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith e
ntra
nce
Hou
se B
or
D?
1
443
445
445,
508
444
Soft
, mid
-yel
low
/bro
wn,
silty
cla
y w
ith
occ.
smal
l sto
nes a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
-sio
ns. 0
.28m
dee
p
Pack
ing
fill o
f in
tern
al st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le
Hou
se B
1Bu
lk so
il: 1
38
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
85
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
444
445
443
447
Firm
, bla
ck/b
row
n, c
laye
y sil
t with
oc
c. sm
all s
tone
s and
pat
ches
of b
urnt
cl
ay, f
requ
ent f
ragm
ents
of b
urnt
bon
e,
and
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. 0
.28m
de
ep
Upp
er fi
ll of
inte
rnal
st
ruct
ural
pos
thol
eH
ouse
B3
14:
burn
t bo
ne
Bulk
soil:
129
445
443,
44
4N
at.
443
Sub-
rect
angu
lar p
osth
ole,
0.5
9m x
0.
6m S
E/N
W x
0.3
m d
eep
with
ver
ti-ca
l sid
es, s
teep
at t
he e
ast,
and
flat b
ase
Cut
of i
nter
nal s
truc
-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
1
446
447
447
427
Firm
, Mid
-bro
wn
silty
cla
y, w
ith o
cc.
smal
l sto
nes a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.
09m
dee
p
Fill
of p
itH
ouse
B2?
Bulk
soil:
128
447
446
444
446
Sub-
squa
re p
it, 0
.95m
x 0
.76m
x
0.09
m d
eep
with
gra
dual
ly sl
opin
g sid
es, b
ut im
perc
eptib
le a
t the
sout
h (tr
unca
ted
by 4
27),
flat b
ase
Cut
of p
it of
un-
know
n pu
rpos
eH
ouse
B2?
448
449
449
1Lo
ose,
bla
ck/b
row
n, si
lty c
lay
with
oc
c. p
acki
ng st
ones
and
cha
rcoa
l inc
lu-
sions
. 0.4
m d
eep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B
or C
?3
Bulk
soil:
130
449
448
462
448
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.26m
x 0
.29m
x
0.4m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd fl
at
base
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B
or C
?1
450
502
502
503
Mid
-bro
wn
sand
y, sil
ty c
lay
with
occ
. sm
all a
nd m
ediu
m st
ones
and
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.15
m d
eep
Fill
of p
it fo
r bur
nt
was
te?
Hou
se B
21:
flin
t fla
keBu
lk so
il: 1
39
451
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
08m
x 0
.05m
x 0
.08m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
bas
eC
ut a
nd fi
ll of
st
akeh
ole
in (p
ossib
le
habi
tatio
n?) g
roup
M
Hou
se C
2?
452
Nat
.1
Sub-
Ova
l, 0.
07m
x 0
.13m
x 0
.23m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up M
Hou
se C
2?
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
86
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
453
Nat
.1
Sub-
rect
angu
lar s
take
hole
, 0.0
5m x
0.
05m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
an
d ro
unde
d po
int b
ase
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up M
Hou
se C
2?
454
Nat
.1
Sub-
Ova
l, 0.
09m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.08m
de
ep w
ith ir
regu
lar,
stee
p sid
es a
nd
poin
ted
base
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up M
Hou
se C
2?
455
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.05m
x 0
.12m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up M
Hou
se C
2?
456
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
06m
x 0
.06m
x 0
.13m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t ba
se
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up M
Hou
se C
2?
457
Can
celle
d45
8C
ance
lled
459
Can
celle
d46
0C
ance
lled
461
583,
58
437
1, 4
20,
439
583
Line
ar d
itch,
circ
a 30
m (e
xten
ds o
ut
with
site
) x 1
.6m
x ?
Dee
p w
ith ir
regu
-la
r slo
ping
side
s and
a fl
at b
ase
Cut
of l
inea
r 19
th c
entu
ry fi
eld
boun
dary
Hou
se B
1
462
463
462
448
Mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n, si
lty c
lay.
0.12
m
deep
Fill
of sh
allo
w p
it co
ntai
ning
pos
thol
e 49
9
Hou
se C
3
463
462
Nat
.46
2Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it, 0
.9m
x 0
.7m
x 0
.12m
de
ep w
ith g
radu
ally
slop
ing
sides
and
fla
t bas
e
Cut
of s
hallo
w p
it co
ntai
ning
pos
thol
e 49
9
Hou
se C
1
464
465
Nat
.46
5Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it, 1
.01m
dia
met
er x
0.
22m
dee
p w
ith g
radu
ally
slop
ing
sides
and
slig
htly
con
cave
bas
e
Cut
of p
it co
ntai
n-in
g po
stho
le 4
34 a
nd
stak
ehol
es 4
66, 4
67
468
Hou
se B
1
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Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
465
464
464
434,
46
6,
467,
46
8
Mid
-bro
wn/
grey
, san
dy si
lt w
ith o
cc.
smal
l and
med
ium
ston
es a
nd c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.22m
dee
p
Fill
of p
it co
ntai
ning
po
stho
le 4
34 a
nd
stak
ehol
es 4
66, 4
67
468
Hou
se B
3
466
465
1C
ircul
ar, 0
.1m
dia
met
er x
0.1
9m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Lo
ose,
gre
y/br
own
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
ass
ocia
ted
with
po
stho
le 4
34
Hou
se B
?Bu
lk so
il; 1
31
467
465
1C
ircul
ar, 0
.12m
dia
met
er x
0.2
7m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Lo
ose,
gre
y/br
own
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
ass
ocia
ted
with
po
stho
le 4
34
Hou
se B
?Bu
lk so
il: 1
32
468
465
1C
ircul
ar, 0
.14m
dia
met
er x
0.4
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Lo
ose,
gre
y/br
own
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
ass
ocia
ted
with
po
stho
le 4
34
Hou
se B
?Bu
lk so
il; 1
33
469
Can
celle
d47
0C
ance
lled
Bulk
soil;
130
471
Can
celle
d47
246
21
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.1
3m x
0.15
m x
0.2
m
deep
with
ver
tical
side
s and
poi
nted
ba
se
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
ass
ocia
ted
with
po
stho
le 4
49
Hou
se B
or
C?
1
473
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.0
4m x
0.1
m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d po
int b
ase.
Dar
k br
own,
silty
sand
w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
N
ass
ocia
ted
with
po
stho
le 5
33
Hou
se B
or
C?
1
474
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
7m x
0.0
8m x
0.1
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
D
ark
brow
n, si
lty sa
nd w
ith o
cc. c
har-
coal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
N
ass
ocia
ted
with
po
stho
le 5
33
Hou
se B
or
C?
1
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
475
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
8m d
iam
eter
x 0
.12m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e. D
ark
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd w
ith
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of d
oubl
e st
akeh
ole
in g
roup
N
ass
ocia
ted
with
po
stho
le 4
79
Hou
se B
or
C?
1
476
481
1C
ircul
ar, 0
.06m
dia
met
er x
0.1
2m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
D
ark
brow
n sil
ty sa
nd w
ith o
cc. c
har-
coal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
N a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
post
hole
479
Hou
se B
or
C?
1
477
481
1C
ircul
ar, 0
.08m
dia
met
er x
0.1
1m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase.
Dar
k br
own
silty
sand
with
occ
. cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
N a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
post
hole
479
Hou
se B
or
C?
1
478
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
7m x
0.0
6m x
0.1
6m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d po
int b
ase.
Dar
k br
own,
silty
sand
w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up N
as
soci
ated
with
pit
502
Hou
se B
?
479
480,
48
1N
at.
481
Ova
l pos
thol
e w
ith li
near
nor
th
exte
nsio
n, 0
.8m
(min
.) 1.
15m
(max
.) x
0.58
m x
0.2
7m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es
at e
ast a
nd w
est,
vert
ical
at n
orth
and
so
uth,
and
flat
bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
480
479
481
1D
ark
grey
, fin
e, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc.
med
ium
ston
es a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
-sio
ns. 0
.25m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
43
481
479
479
480,
47
6,
477,
48
6,
545
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, pal
e or
ange
, grit
-ty
, cla
yey
sand
with
4 la
rge,
“squ
are”
pa
ckin
g sto
nes,
occ.
smal
l sto
nes a
nd
char
coal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.27m
dee
p
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
B1
482
483
Nat
.48
3Li
near
L-s
hape
d fu
rrow
, 4m
x 2
.6m
x
0.1m
dee
p w
ith g
radu
ally
slop
ing
sides
an
d fla
t bas
e
Cut
of m
oder
n pl
ough
furr
owH
ouse
D1
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
483
482
482
395,
41
8M
id-b
row
n, m
ediu
m sa
nd w
ith o
cc.
smal
l sto
nes a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.
1m d
eep
Fill
of m
oder
n pl
ough
furr
owH
ouse
D3
484
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
6m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
1m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Li
ght b
row
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. c
har-
coal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
ass
ocia
ted
with
pi
t 502
Hou
se B
?
485
Nat
.1
Sub-
circ
ular
, 0.0
9m x
0.0
7m x
0.1
2m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Li
ght b
row
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. c
har-
coal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of st
ake-
hole
ass
ocia
ted
with
pi
t 502
Hou
se B
?
486
481
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.06m
x 0
.05m
x 0
.12m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Dar
k br
own,
silty
sand
with
occ
. cha
r-co
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
N a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
post
hole
543
/479
Hou
se B
or
C?
1
487
488
488
415
Mid
-gre
y/br
own,
silty
sand
with
fre-
quen
t cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. 0
.09m
dee
pFi
ll of
line
ar sl
ot
tren
ch a
t ent
ranc
eH
ouse
B
or D
?3
Bulk
Soi
l: 13
4
488
487
Nat
.48
7Li
near
slot
tren
ch, 0
.27m
x 0
.78m
x
0.09
m d
eep
with
gra
dual
ly sl
opin
g sid
es a
nd ir
regu
lar f
lat b
ase
Cut
of l
inea
r slo
t tr
ench
at e
ntra
nce
(pos
sible
con
tinua
-tio
n of
495
)
Hou
se B
or
D?
1
489
491
491
490
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, bro
wn,
silty
cla
y w
ith o
cc. s
tone
incl
usio
ns. 0
.15m
dee
pLo
wer
fill
of p
it of
un
know
n pu
rpos
eH
ouse
B2
or 3
Bulk
Soi
l: 13
5
490
491
489
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct, b
lack
/gre
y, sil
ty c
lay
with
2 la
rge
stone
s and
occ
. de
caye
d sto
ne a
nd c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.
15m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
pit
of
unkn
own
purp
ose
Hou
se B
2 or
3Bu
lk S
oil:
136
491
489,
49
0N
at.
489
Irre
gula
r sub
-circ
ular
pit,
0.5
2m x
0.
37m
x 0
.15m
dee
p w
ith ir
regu
lar
grad
ually
slop
ing
sides
and
irre
gula
r co
ncav
e ba
se
Cut
of p
it of
un-
know
n pu
rpos
e (p
os-
sibly
non
-arc
h.)
Hou
se B
2
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
492
493
493
1M
id-b
row
n, c
laye
y sil
t with
freq
uent
la
rge
stone
s. 0.
45m
dee
pFi
ll of
inte
rnal
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se C
3
493
492
Nat
.49
2Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.4
1m x
0.4
3m
x 0.
45m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd
flat b
ase
Cut
of i
nter
nal s
truc
-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se C
1
494
564
560
1D
ark
brow
n, sa
ndy
clay
with
occ
. bu
rnt s
tone
and
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.1
4m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
slot
tr
ench
of H
ouse
BH
ouse
B3
Bulk
Soi
l: 13
7
495
Can
celle
d?H
ouse
BC
harc
oal:
157
496
Nat
.46
No
deta
ilsSh
allo
w sp
read
Hou
se A
?49
749
849
81
Mid
-bro
wn
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. cha
r-co
al in
clus
ions
. 0.2
3m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole
asso
-ci
ated
with
pos
thol
e 49
3
Hou
se B
1
498
497
Nat
.49
7Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.09m
x 0
.1m
x 0
.23m
de
ep w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd p
oint
ed
base
Cut
of s
take
hole
ass
o-ci
ated
with
pos
thol
e 49
3
Hou
se B
3
499
515
528
564
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. la
rge
and
med
ium
ston
e in
clus
ions
. 0.
16m
dee
p
Upp
er fi
ll of
slot
tr
ench
of H
ouse
B
or D
?
Hou
se D
3
500
501
501
1M
id-g
rey/
brow
n, si
lty sa
nd w
ith
freq
uent
smal
l sto
ne in
clus
ions
. 0.1
2m
deep
Fill
of sh
allo
w p
it of
un
know
n pu
rpos
eH
ouse
B3
501
500
Nat
.50
0Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it, 0
.41m
x 0
.42m
x
0.12
m d
eep
with
step
ped,
shal
low
side
s an
d irr
egul
ar, f
lat b
ase
Cut
of s
hallo
w p
it of
un
know
n pu
rpos
e (p
ossib
ly n
on-a
rch.
)
Hou
se B
?
502
503,
45
053
045
0O
val p
it, 1
.35m
x 0
.65m
x 0
.15m
dee
p w
ith sh
allo
w si
des,
but v
ertic
al a
t wes
t, an
d fla
t bas
e
Cut
of p
it fo
r bur
nt
was
te?
Hou
se B
?
503
502
502
405
Loos
e, g
ritty
, bla
ck/d
ark
grey
, san
dy
silt w
ith v
ery
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l inc
lu-
sions
. ?m
dee
p
Cha
rcoa
l ric
h fil
l of
pit f
or b
urnt
was
te?
Hou
se B
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
40
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
91
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
504
559
Nat
.55
9Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.3
6m x
0.2
8m
x 0.
29m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
, gra
du-
ally
slop
ing
to w
est a
nd n
orth
, and
ro
unde
d po
int b
ase
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
505
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.1
2m d
iam
eter
x 0
.23m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Dar
k br
own
silty
sand
with
freq
uent
ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
N a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
post
hole
479
Hou
se B
?Bu
lk so
il: 1
41
506
507
Nat
.50
7O
val,
0.44
m x
0.3
2m x
0.3
2m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd fl
at b
ase
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
507
506
506
518
Mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith
freq
uent
smal
l and
med
ium
ston
es a
nd
occ.
cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns. 3
2m d
eep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B3
Bulk
soil:
142
508
509
509
1D
ark
grey
, silt
y cl
ay w
ith o
cc. c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 1
8m d
eep
Fill
of st
akeh
ole
asso
-ci
ated
with
pos
thol
e 44
5
Hou
se B
3
509
508
Nat
.50
8Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.95m
x 0
.095
m x
0.1
8m
deep
with
ver
tical
side
s and
roun
ded
poin
t bas
e
Cut
of s
take
hole
ass
o-ci
ated
with
pos
thol
e 44
5
Hou
se B
1
510
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
5m d
iam
eter
x 0
.11m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Dar
k br
own,
silty
sand
with
occ
. cha
r-co
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
gro
up
N a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
post
hole
479
Hou
se B
?
511
513
513
512
No
deta
ilsLo
wer
fill
of sh
al-
low
pit
of u
nkno
wn
purp
ose
(pos
sibly
no
n-ar
ch.)
Hou
se B
?
512
513
511
1N
o de
tails
Upp
er o
f sha
llow
pit
of u
nkno
wn
purp
ose
(pos
sibly
non
-arc
h.)
Hou
se B
?
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92
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
513
511,
51
2N
at.
511
No
deta
ilsC
ut o
f sha
llow
pit
of
unkn
own
purp
ose
(pos
sibly
non
-arc
h.)
Hou
se B
?
514
527
527
1M
id-g
rey/
blac
k, si
lty sa
nd w
ith 2
larg
e sto
nes o
n ed
ge fo
rmin
g w
este
rn e
dge,
oc
c. sm
all s
tone
s and
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.4
m d
eep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le a
t ent
ranc
eH
ouse
B
or D
?3
Bulk
soil:
144
C
harc
oal:
145
515
528,
52
9,
499
Nat
.52
9Li
near
slot
tren
ch, 3
.95m
x 0
.65m
x
0.6
m d
eep
with
ver
tical
side
s and
sli
ghtly
con
cave
bas
e
Cut
of s
tone
line
d slo
t tre
nch
Hou
se D
1
516
Not
use
d51
751
851
81
Mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n, si
lty sa
nd w
ith
freq
uent
med
ium
ston
e in
clus
ions
. 0.
37m
dee
p
Fill
of st
akeh
ole
asso
-ci
ated
with
pos
thol
e 50
6
Hou
se B
3
518
517
507
517
Circ
ular
, 0.1
4m x
0.1
3m x
0.3
7m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d po
int
base
Cut
of s
take
hole
ass
o-ci
ated
with
pos
thol
e 50
6
Hou
se B
1
519
520
Nat
.52
0Su
b-O
val,
0.19
m x
0.1
7m S
E/N
W x
0.
3m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es, i
rreg
ular
to
east
, and
poi
nted
bas
e
Cut
of s
mal
l pos
t-ho
le a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
post
hole
506
Hou
se B
1
520
519
519
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
smal
l sto
ne in
clus
ions
. 0.3
m d
eep
Fill
of sm
all p
osth
ole
asso
ciat
ed w
ith p
ost-
hole
506
Hou
se B
3
521
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
08m
x 0
.07m
x 0
.16m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e. S
oft,
mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n, si
lty sa
nd.
Cut
of s
take
hole
ass
o-ci
ated
with
pos
thol
es
506
and
519
Hou
se B
1
522
523,
52
4N
at.
523
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e/pi
t, 0.
84m
x
0.65
m x
0.15
m d
eep
with
gra
dual
ly
slopi
ng si
des,
but i
mpe
rcep
tible
and
irr
egul
ar to
wes
t and
SW
, and
flat
bas
e
Cut
of p
ossib
ly h
eav-
ily tr
unca
ted
post
hole
or
shal
low
pit
Hou
se B
1
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
93
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
523
522
522
524,
54
4M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct, o
rang
e/gr
ey,
gritt
y/co
arse
, cla
yey
sand
with
occ
. la
rge
pack
ing
stone
s and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.15
m d
eep
Low
er/p
acki
ng fi
ll of
pos
sibly
hea
vily
tr
unca
ted
post
hole
or
shal
low
pit
Hou
se B
1?
524
522
523
1M
id-g
rey/
brow
n, fi
ne, s
ilty
sand
with
oc
c. m
ediu
m st
one
and
occ.
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.1
2m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
pos
sibly
he
avily
trun
cate
d po
stho
le o
r sha
llow
pi
t
Hou
se B
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
47
525
526
Nat
.52
6N
o de
tails
Cut
of p
it of
un-
know
n pu
rpos
e?
?
526
525
525
1N
o de
tails
Fill
of p
it of
un-
know
n pu
rpos
e?
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
46
527
514
529
514
Tria
ngul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.3
2m x
0.4
m
x 0.
4m d
eep
with
ver
tical
side
s and
co
ncav
e ba
se
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
le a
t ent
ranc
eH
ouse
B
or D
?1
528
515
529
499
Ligh
t ora
nge/
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith
occ.
larg
e pa
ckin
g sto
ne in
clus
ions
. 0.
15m
dee
p
Mid
dle
fill o
f sto
ne
lined
slot
tren
chH
ouse
D3
529
515
515
527,
52
8Li
ght b
row
n, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc. l
arge
pa
ckin
g sto
nes a
nd la
rge
and
med
ium
sto
ne in
clus
ions
. 0.2
5m d
eep
Low
er fi
ll of
ston
e lin
ed sl
ot tr
ench
Hou
se D
324
: qu
ern
stone
530
532
531
502
Dar
k br
own/
blac
k, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc.
smal
l sto
ne in
clus
ions
. 0.4
m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
48
Cha
rcoa
l: 14
953
153
253
253
0M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct, l
ight
bro
wn,
sa
ndy
clay
with
occ
. sto
ne in
clus
ions
. 0.
41m
dee
p
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
B1
532
530,
53
1N
at.
531
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.45m
dia
met
er
x 0.
41m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
ba
se
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
94
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
533
534,
53
5N
at.
535
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.49m
x 0
.45m
x
0.19
m d
eep
with
ver
y st
eep
sides
and
irr
egul
ar, f
lat b
ase
slopi
ng so
uth
dow
n to
nor
th
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
534
533
535
1M
id-g
rey/
brow
n, fi
ne, c
laye
y sil
t with
oc
c. sm
all s
tone
and
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.15
m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
50
535
533
533
534,
54
2,
543
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, pal
e or
ange
, sa
ndy
clay
with
occ
. sm
all a
nd m
ediu
m
stone
incl
usio
ns. 0
.19m
dee
p
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
B1
536
537,
53
6N
at.
538
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 1
m x
0.7
m x
0.
45m
dee
p w
ith v
ertic
al si
des a
nd fl
at
base
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B
or D
?1
537
536
538
461
Dar
k br
own/
blac
k, sa
ndy
silt w
ith o
cc.
smal
l sto
ne a
nd v
ery
freq
uent
cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.2
7m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
or
D?
1m
oder
n fr
ag-
men
t of
foil
Bulk
soil:
151
538
536
536
537
Ligh
t bro
wn,
fine
, san
dy c
lay
with
fr
eque
nt sm
all s
tone
and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l in
clus
ions
. 0.4
5m d
eep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
B
or D
?3
Cha
rcoa
l: 15
2
539
541
540
1N
o de
tails
Upp
er fi
ll of
inte
rnal
st
ruct
ural
pos
thol
eH
ouse
B3
540
541
541
539
No
deta
ilsPa
ckin
g fil
l of
inte
rnal
stru
ctur
al
post
hole
Hou
se B
1
541
539,
54
0N
at.
540
No
deta
ilsC
ut o
f int
erna
l str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
B1
542
535
1C
ircul
ar, 0
.07m
dia
met
er x
0.1
9m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd ro
unde
d po
int
base
. Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
oc
c. c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
Cut
and
fill
of su
p-po
rtin
g st
akeh
ole
of
post
hole
533
Hou
se B
1
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
95
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
543
535
1C
ircul
ar, 0
.09m
dia
met
er x
0.1
8m
deep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Lo
ose,
pal
e br
own,
cla
yey
sand
Cut
and
fill
of su
p-po
rtin
g st
akeh
ole
of
post
hole
533
Hou
se B
1
544
523
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.1m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.19m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
poi
nted
bas
e.
Mid
-bro
wn
silty
sand
fill
with
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of su
p-po
rtin
g st
akeh
ole
of
post
hole
522
Hou
se B
1
545
481
1C
ircul
ar, 0
.06m
dia
met
er x
0.1
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es a
nd p
oint
ed b
ase.
Mid
-br
own
silty
sand
fill
Cut
and
fill
of su
p-po
rtin
g st
akeh
ole
of
post
hole
479
Hou
se B
1
546
548
547
1N
o de
tails
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole/
pit
Hou
se B
3
547
548
548
546
No
deta
ilsPa
ckin
g fil
l of s
truc
-tu
ral p
osth
ole/
pit
Hou
se B
123
: ? G
old
frag
men
t
548
546,
54
7N
at.
547
No
deta
ilsC
ut o
f str
uctu
ral
post
hole
/pit
Hou
se B
1
549
550,
55
1N
at.
550
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.47m
x 0
.45m
x
0.4m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
ir-
regu
lar,
flat b
ase.
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
D1
550
549
549
551
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, mid
-bro
wn,
gr
itty,
sand
y cl
ay w
ith 7
larg
e an
d oc
c. m
ediu
m p
acki
ng st
ones
and
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
. 0.4
m d
eep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
D1
551
549
550
1D
ark
grey
/bro
wn,
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. sm
all s
tone
, occ
. cha
rcoa
l “ch
unks
” an
d fr
eque
nt c
harc
oal i
nclu
sions
. 0.4
m
deep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se D
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
53
Cha
rcoa
l: 15
4
552
556
555
1D
ark
brow
n/bl
ack,
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. ch
arco
al in
clus
ions
. 0.1
4m d
eep
Upp
er fi
ll of
stru
c-tu
ral p
osth
ole
Hou
se B
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
55
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
96
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
553
554
553
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.4
5m x
0.3
m x
0.
22m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
, ste
pppe
d at
sout
h, a
nd ir
regu
lar,
flat b
ase
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
D
? or
mod
ern
path
1
554
553
Nat
.55
4M
id-o
rang
e-br
own
sand
y cl
ay w
ith
occ.
smal
l and
med
ium
ston
es a
nd o
cc.
man
gane
se in
clus
ions
. 0.2
2m d
eep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
D
? or
mod
ern
path
3Bu
lk so
il: 1
56
555
556
556
552
Ligh
t bro
wn
sand
y cl
ay w
ith 2
med
ium
pa
ckin
g sto
nes l
inin
g cu
t edg
e. 0
.23m
de
ep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
B1
556
552,
55
5N
at.
555
Circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.3m
dia
met
er x
0.
23m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
flat
ba
se
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
557
558,
56
156
356
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.3
6m x
0.3
m
SE/N
W x
0.2
m d
eep
with
stee
p sid
es,
irreg
ular
at s
outh
, ver
tical
at w
est a
nd
irreg
ular
, fla
t bas
e.
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
558
557
561
1M
id-g
rey/
brow
n, g
ritty
, silt
y sa
nd w
ith
occ.
smal
l sto
ne a
nd o
cc. c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.18m
dee
p
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B3
Bulk
soil:
159
559
504
504
1M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct, b
lack
/gre
y, sil
ty
clay
with
freq
uent
larg
e an
d sm
all
stone
s and
occ
. cha
rcoa
l inc
lusio
ns.
0.29
m d
eep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B3
560
564
564
494
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
, mid
-ora
nge/
brow
n sa
ndy
clay
with
freq
uent
frag
-m
ents
of b
urnt
cla
y. 0.
2m d
eep
Pack
ing
fill o
f slo
t tr
ench
of H
ouse
BH
ouse
B1
Bulk
soil:
158
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97
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Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
561
557
557
558,
56
2M
oder
atel
y co
mpa
ct, p
ale
oran
ge,
gritt
y, sa
ndy
clay
with
1 la
rge
and
occ.
sm
all a
nd m
ediu
m st
one
incl
usio
ns.
0.2m
dee
p
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
B1
562
561
1Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.15m
x 0
.08m
x 0
.18m
de
ep w
ith st
eep
sides
and
dou
ble
poin
ted
base
. Dar
k gr
ey/b
row
n, si
lty
sand
with
occ
. tin
y sto
nes a
nd c
harc
oal
incl
usio
ns
Cut
and
fill
of su
p-po
rtin
g (p
ossib
ly
doub
le) st
akeh
ole
of
post
hole
557
Hou
se B
3
563
Nat
.55
7,
461
Mod
erat
ely
com
pact
spre
ad, m
id-
oran
ge/b
row
n, c
oars
e, si
lty sa
nd w
ith
occ.
smal
l sto
ne in
clus
ions
. 0.0
4m
deep
Poss
ible
floo
r sur
face
Hou
se B
2Bu
lk so
il: 1
60
564
494,
56
049
956
0Se
mi-c
ircul
ar tr
ench
, 0.3
m w
ide
x cir
ca
12m
in le
ngth
x 0
.2m
dee
p w
ith st
eep
sides
and
irre
gula
r fla
t bas
e
Cut
of s
lot t
renc
h of
H
ouse
BH
ouse
B1
565
585
Nat
.58
5Li
near
slot
tren
ch, 1
.75m
x 0
.7m
x 0
.4
m d
eep
with
ver
y st
eep
sides
, irr
egul
ar
and
vert
ical
in p
lace
s, an
d fla
t bas
e
Cut
of s
tone
line
d slo
t tre
nch
Hou
se D
1
566
567
585
567
Sub-
circ
ular
pos
thol
e, 0
.6m
x 0
.55m
x
0.55
m d
eep
with
ver
tical
side
s, st
eppe
d at
wes
t, an
d fla
t bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
le (p
ossib
le
entr
ance
) with
in sl
ot
tren
ch 5
65
Hou
se D
1
567
566
566
1M
id-g
rey/
brow
n, g
ritty
, silt
y sa
nd w
ith
larg
e, fl
at p
acki
ng st
ones
set 3
tier
s de
ep a
gain
st c
ut w
all a
nd fr
eque
nt
char
coal
incl
usio
ns. 0
.55m
dee
p
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
le (p
ossib
le
entr
ance
) with
in sl
ot
tren
ch 5
65
Hou
se D
3
568
569
569
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith se
vera
l la
rge
pack
ing
stone
incl
usio
ns. 0
.27m
de
ep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
C3
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98
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
569
568
Nat
.56
8O
val,
0.36
m x
0.4
3m x
0.2
7m d
eep
with
ver
tical
side
s and
irre
gula
r, fla
t ba
se
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
C1
570
571
571
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith se
vera
l la
rge
pack
ing
stone
incl
usio
ns. 0
.25m
de
ep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
D
?3
571
570
Nat
.57
0Su
b-ci
rcul
ar, 0
.52m
x 0
.55m
x 0
.25m
de
ep, s
teep
side
s, gr
adua
lly sl
opin
g at
no
rth,
and
con
cave
bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
D
?1
572
586
Nat
.58
6C
ircul
ar p
osth
ole,
0.2
3m d
iam
eter
x
0.24
m d
eep
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
C1
573
587
Nat
.58
7Su
b-ci
rcul
ar p
it, 0
.5m
x 0
.4m
x 0
.11m
de
ep
Cut
of p
it of
un-
know
n pu
rpos
eH
ouse
B2
574
Nat
.1
Ova
l, 0.
4m x
0.2
8m x
0.3
8m d
eep.
So
ft, l
ight
bro
wn,
sand
y cl
ay w
ith
freq
uent
ston
e in
clus
ions
Cut
and
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
C1
575
588
Nat
.58
8O
val,
0.3m
x 0
.2m
x 0
.2m
dee
pC
ut o
f str
uctu
ral
post
hole
Hou
se B
1
576
577
577
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
larg
e pa
ckin
g sto
ne in
clus
ions
. 0.2
8m
deep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
A3
577
576
Nat
.57
6O
val,
0.44
m x
0.3
5m x
0.2
8m d
eep,
st
eep
sides
, gra
dual
ly sl
oped
at w
est,
and
irreg
ular
, con
cave
bas
e
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
A1
578
579
579
1M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll w
ith o
cc.
larg
e pa
ckin
g sto
ne in
clus
ions
. 0.2
5m
deep
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B3
Bulk
soil:
161
579
578
Nat
.57
8D
-sha
ped,
0.3
1m x
0.2
5m x
0.2
5m
deep
with
ver
tical
side
s and
con
cave
ba
se
Cut
of s
truc
tura
l po
stho
leH
ouse
B1
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Con
text
N
o.Fi
ll of
Fille
d w
ithSt
rat.
Abo
veSt
rat.
Belo
wBa
sic d
escr
iptio
nBa
sic in
terp
reta
tion
Stru
ctur
ePh
ase
Art
efac
tsSa
mpl
es
580
206
581
1Bl
ack,
sand
y sil
t with
occ
. bur
nt st
one
frag
men
t inc
lusio
ns. 0
.14m
dee
pU
pper
fill
of st
ruc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
C3
581
206
206
581
Ligh
t bro
wn,
cla
yey
sand
with
smal
l, fla
t pac
king
ston
es se
t on
edge
. 0.2
2m
deep
Pack
ing
fill o
f str
uc-
tura
l pos
thol
eH
ouse
C1
582
Nat
.1
Circ
ular
, 0.0
55m
dia
m.,
0.13
m d
eep;
st
eep
sides
, poi
nted
bas
e. M
id-b
row
n sil
ty sa
nd fi
ll
Cut
and
fill
of
stak
ehol
e in
(pos
sible
ha
bita
tion?
) gro
up G
Hou
se A
2?
583
461
461
584
Soft
, gre
y, sil
ty c
lay
with
occ
. sto
ne
incl
usio
nsLo
wer
fill
of 1
9th
cent
ury
field
bo
unda
ry
Hou
se B
3
584
461
583
1C
ompa
ct, l
ight
bro
wn,
sand
with
occ
. pe
bble
and
freq
uent
ston
e in
clus
ions
Upp
er fi
ll of
19t
h ce
ntur
y fie
ld
boun
dary
Hou
se B
3
585
565
565
566
No
deta
ils, b
ut fi
ll/s a
re sa
me/
simila
r as
fills
of 5
15Fi
ll of
ston
e lin
ed sl
ot
tren
chH
ouse
D3
586
572
572
1N
o de
tails
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
C3
587
573
573
1D
ark
brow
n, sa
ndy
silt
Fill
of p
it of
un-
know
n pu
rpos
eH
ouse
B3
588
575
575
1N
o de
tails
Fill
of st
ruct
ural
po
stho
leH
ouse
B3
Nat
.C
ompa
ct, m
id-o
rang
e/br
own,
sa
ndy
clay
?
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100
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
12 Appendix 3 Find RegisterNMI Material Description04E1072:1:1 Flint Flake04E1072:1:2 Limestone Awl or point04E1072:1:3 Flint Flake04E1072:1:5 Stone Worked Stone04E1072:1:6 Stone Quern Stone Fragment04E1072:6:1 Flint Flake04E1072:61:1 Pottery Modern04E1072:61:2 Pottery Modern04E1072:160:8 Stone Split Packing Stones04E1072:325:1 Flint Flake04E1072:387:13 Stone Possible Quern Stone Fragment04E1072:450:1 Flint Flake04E1072:529:24 Stone Quern Stone Fragment
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
13 Appendix 4 Plant remains report
CharredplantremainsfromMitchelstown1,Co.Cork(04E1072)
ByPennyJohnston
13.1 Introduction
This report details the analysis of charred seeds from samples taken during excavation of a settlement site at Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork. No dateable artefacts were recovered during ex-cavation, but the three sub-circular houses were comparable to known roundhouses from the Middle to Late Bronze Age. The plant remains were predominantly from weed seeds but the small cereal assemblage (including primitive glume wheat and barley) is typical of material from Bronze Age sites.
13.2 Methodology
The samples were collected on site as bulk soil and were processed using a simple flotation method. Each sample was saturated in water to allow carbonised plant material to float; this “flot” (the floating material) was then poured into a stack of geological sieves and trapped in the sieve meshes (the smallest measured 250µm). When all the carbonised material was collected the flot was then air-dried in paper-lined drying trays prior to storage in airtight plastic bags. The samples were scanned under low-powered magnification and the results are presented in Table 1 at the end of this report. Sorting and identification of the flots was car-ried out using a low-powered binocular microscope (magnification x10 to x40) and identified seeds were separated and stored in sealed glass phials. Nomenclature and taxonomic order follows Stace (1997), although in order to facilitate easy reading of this text the scientific names are included only in the table of identified seeds presented at the end of this report (Table 2).
13.3 Results
Thirty-five samples were scanned and of these twenty-eight contained the charred remains of seeds, albeit in small quantities.
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102
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
The samples from House A were C14 (SS7), C22 (SS9), C27 (SS11), C3 (SS12), C32 (SS14), C16 (SS18), C5 (SS21), C2 (SS23), C15 (SS27), C50 (SS28), C54 (SS31), C70 (SS39), C2 (SS42), C3 (SS46) and C8 (SS50). Nine of these contained charred seeds, including samples that were rich in the remains of weeds, in particular seeds from the Dock family. The iden-tifiable cereal grains were mostly from barley, but there was also chaff from a glume wheat (emmer or spelt) and there was a fragment of a wheat grain.
The samples from House B were C.371 (S100), C374 (SS103), C388 (SS104), C398 (SS110), C414 (SS119), C420 (SS123), C494 (SS137), C537 (SS151) and C560 (SS158). The charred plant remains from this house were found in six samples and they included some large quan-tities of seeds from the Dock family, as well as indeterminate cereal grains.
The samples from House C included C76 (SS45), C85 (SS47), C253 (SS80), C386 (SS109), C425 (SS120), C423 (SS121) and C514 (SS144). Only three of these contained charred seeds and there were no cereals from these deposits. The only plants found were some seeds from the Dock family and hazel nut shell fragments.
Three samples were taken from stakeholes C221 (SS77), C246 (SS79) and C258 (SS83) but no seeds were found in these deposits. There were also two other samples that were from mis-cellaneous contexts; C4 (SS20) and C253 (SS86). One of these included weed seeds, hazel nut shell fragments and cereal grains.
13.4 Discussion
The plant remains were predominantly weeds from the Dock Family; two hundred and fifty-five seeds of this type were recovered. Many have not been identified to genus or species level because they were either in a poor state of preservation and therefore further identification was impossible, or because these seeds have such a wide ecological platform that more de-tailed, time-consuming, identification was deemed unnecessary as it was unlikely to provide further information. Dock Family plants are hardy ruderals that colonise waste and dis-turbed ground, often growing in or around areas of human settlement. They can also grow as crop weeds, for example the seeds of Black bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus) which was found in some of the deposits at the site. This may explain the presence of some of the plant remains; they could have been brought to site as weeds associated with cereal crops. However, this is unlikely as they were not associated with crop-processing by-products (such as chaff fragments or other weed types). In addition, the Dock seeds were found in unusually large amounts, in particular given the paucity of other plant types, and they are spread throughout the contexts at the site. It is therefore possible that they were at the site because they were be-ing used as food. The seeds are edible and have been found in the gut contents of prehistoric
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103
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
bog bodies in Denmark and Britain. They may have become charred because they were be-ing roasted as a flavour enhancement: the cultivated buckwheat is a near relation and this is frequently roasted prior to cooking.
Cereals from the samples included small amounts of barley and wheat. Where further iden-tification was possible it seems clear that these cereals were hulled varieties of barley and glume wheats (either emmer or spelt, most probably emmer as there are virtually no records of spelt in Ireland, where it does occur it is usually only as a stray find). There are only four grains of barley from the site and three of wheat; a discussion of their relative proportions and their economic and dietary importance is rendered void by the minute quantities that have been recovered. In general, both wheat and barley are recovered in Irish Early and Middle Bronze Age contexts, barley tends to be the most common cereal type recovered from the Late Bronze Age, although wheat is still found in small quantities.
Although the plant remains assemblage from this site is quite small, it provided consider-ably more information about the site than the samples from a Bronze Age site at Stagpark I (04E1120), where the archaeology was interpreted as the ephemeral remains of settlement. No samples produced the remains of charred seeds.
13.5 Non-TechnicalSummary
The samples from Mitchelstown 1 were predominantly weed seeds from the Dock Family. It is difficult to suggest plausible explanations for this unusual assemblage, there are no ethno-graphic parallels that could suggest why Dock Family seeds were more likely to come into contact with fire than any other types of seeds. However, we know that these seeds were used as food, and it is possible that these seeds were found in abundance at this site because they were collected as food. It is also possible that they were charred as a result of accidents during roasting, a possible means of flavour enhancement. The other seeds from the site included the remains of both wheat and barley grains although these were present in such small quantities that it was not possible to comment on their relative importance.
Penny Johnston
Thursday, 15 December 2005
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
13.6 References
Stace, C. A. 1997 New Flora of the British Isles (2nd edition) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Table 1: Scanned Soil Samples from Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork (04E1072)
Context S.S. No. Fraction Scanned
Cereals Weeds Charcoal Nuts/Fruit stones
2 23 100% Present Present 2 42 100% Present 3 12 100% Present 3 46 100% Present 4 20 100% Present Present Present 8 50 100% Present Present Present 14 7 100% Present Present 15 27 100% Present Present 16 18 100% Present Present 22 9 100% Present Present Present 26 11 100% Present Present 32 14 100% Present Present 50 28 100% Present 54 31 100% Present Present Present 58 21 100% Present Present 70 39 100% Present Present 76 45 100% Present Present 85 47 100% Present Present 420 123 100% Present 221 77 100% Present 246 79 100% Present 252 80 100% Present 253 86 100% Present Present 258 83 100% Present 371 100 100% Present Present Present 374 103 100% Present Present 390 104 100% Present 398 110 100% Present Present Present 414 119 100% Present Present 423 121 100% Present Present 425 120 100% Present 494 137 100% Present Present 514 144 100% Present Present 537 151 100% Present Present 560 158 100% Present
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105
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Tabl
e 2
: Cha
rred
Pla
nt R
emai
ns fr
om M
itche
lstow
n 1,
Co.
Cor
k (0
4E10
72)
Con
text
3249
485
423
439
853
770
371
374
514
5815
1641
414
854
2225
3Sa
mpl
e14
137
4712
120
110
151
3910
010
314
421
2718
119
750
319
86
Haz
el n
ut sh
ell f
ragm
ents
(Cor
y-lu
s ave
llana
)
2
1
1
Inde
term
inat
e nu
t she
ll fr
agm
ent
2
Fat h
en(C
heno
podi
um a
lbum
)
1
Inde
term
inat
e se
eds f
rom
the
Goo
sefo
ot
Fam
ily (C
heno
podi
acea
e)
1
Pale
per
sicar
ia(P
ersic
aria
lapa
thifo
lia)
2
1
12
Blac
k bi
ndw
eed
(Fal
lopi
a co
nvol
vulu
s)1
2
1
11
11
11
Prob
able
She
ep’s
sorr
el
(Rum
ex c
f ace
tosel
la)
1
1
1
2
1
2
Inde
term
inat
e se
eds f
rom
the
Kno
tgra
ss/
Doc
k Fa
mily
(P
olyg
onac
eae)
3
12
698
3913
45
2
1416
1
Cle
aver
s (G
aliu
m a
pari
ne)
1
Inde
term
inat
e w
eed
seed
s
1
6
1
41
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Tabl
e 2
: Cha
rred
Pla
nt R
emai
ns fr
om M
itche
lstow
n 1,
Co.
Cor
k (0
4E10
72)
Con
text
3249
485
423
439
853
770
371
374
514
5815
1641
414
854
2225
3Sa
mpl
e14
137
4712
120
110
151
3910
010
314
421
2718
119
750
319
86
Hul
led
Barle
y gr
ains
(H
orde
um v
ulga
re)
3
Gra
ins o
f ind
eter
min
ate
Barle
y ty
pe
(Hor
deum
spec
ies)
1
Barle
y/W
heat
gra
ins (
Hor
deum
/Tr
iticu
m)
1
1
Emm
er/S
pelt
Whe
at g
lum
e ba
ses
(Tri
ticum
dico
ccum
/spelt
a)
1
Api
cal e
nd fr
om W
heat
gra
ins o
f in
dete
rmin
ate
type
(T
ritic
um sp
ecie
s)
1
Poss
ible
Whe
at g
rain
(c
f Tri
ticum
spec
ies)
1
Inde
term
inat
e ce
real
gra
ins (
Cer
alia
)
1
1
1
Frag
men
ts o
f ind
eter
min
ate
cere
al g
rain
s (C
eral
ia)
1
Inde
term
inat
e G
rass
seed
s (Po
acea
e)1
1
Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/
Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
107
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
14 Appendix 5 Lithics Report & Catalogue
LithicsFindsReportfor04E1072–Mitchelstown
Introduction
The lithic assemblage from Mitchelstown consists of 22 pieces, one is made of limestone, five of which are made of flint and 16 of a sedimentary rock similar to limestone.
Condition:
With the exception of 04E1072:1:3, all flints are in fresh worked condition. 04E1072:1:3 is worked and slightly rolled. The limestone lithic (04E1072:1:2) survives in reasonably fresh, complete condition.The remaining 16 pieces are all natural lithics which show no sign of working.
Context:
Flints 4E1072:1:1-3 were recovered from topsoil, 04E1072:6:1 from the House Site A, 04E1072:325:1 from a stakehole associated with House Site C and 04E1072:450:1 from a pit associated with House Site B.
Technology:
The knapped assemblage consists of four flint flakes (04E1072:1:1, 04E1072:1:3, 04E1072:325:1 and 04E1072:450:1) and one flint spall (04E1072:6:1). All flakes are likely to have been pro-duced on small flint pebbles. Flake 04E1072:450:1 has a crushed platform which could be seen as indicative for the possible use of a soft stone or antler hammer as a percussor. None of the flakes is modified and two retain portions of cortex. The spall (04E1072:6:1) appears to be the result of excessive force used during removal, possibly while the core rested on an anvil.
The find 04E1072:1:2 is an awl-like or pin-like implement which was presumably shaped to a point through grinding.
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Dating:
None of the lithics is diagnostic as regards their dating, but 04E1072:6:1, 04E1072:325:1 and 04E1072:450:1 are associated with House Sites A, C and B respectively therefore can be presumed to be contemporary.
The find 04E1072:1:2 can be regarded as unusual and a dating on morphological or techno-logical grounds is not possible. However, it is conceivable that it is contemporaneous with the Bronze Age settlement site it was recovered from.
Interpretation:
It is likely that all the flints in this assemblage represent waste products from lithic reduction associated with the Bronze Age settlement as none of them shows any traces of use wear or modification through retouch.
The single limestone lithic find from the excavation is an awl-like or pin-like implement which is associated with the excavated Bronze Age settlement, and therefore is probably to be dated to the Bronze Age.
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
Find
No.
Con
text
Mat
eria
lTy
peC
ond.
Leng
th
(mm
)W
idth
(m
m)
Thi
ckn.
(m
m)
Com
plet
eR
etou
chC
omm
ent
04E1
072:
1:1
Tops
oil
Flin
tFl
ake
Fres
h17
133
Yes
No
04E1
072:
1:2
surf
ace
find
Lim
esto
neAw
l/Po
int
Fres
h25
53
Yes
No
04E1
072:
1:3
Tops
oil
Flin
tFl
ake
Rol
led
1717
5Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:6:
1H
ouse
AFl
int
Spal
lFr
esh
203
3Ye
sN
opo
ssib
ly o
ne h
alf o
f sire
t fra
ctur
e04
E107
2:32
5:1
Stak
ehol
e H
ouse
CFl
int
Flak
eFr
esh
3016
4Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:45
0:1
Pit H
ouse
BFl
int
Flak
eFr
esh
2311
6N
oN
odi
stal
miss
ing;
cru
shed
pla
tform
04E1
072:
450:
2Pi
t Hou
se B
Lim
esto
neC
hunk
Nat
ural
4025
14Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:45
0:3
Pit H
ouse
BLi
mes
tone
Chu
nkN
atur
al19
1211
Yes
No
04E1
072:
450:
4Pi
t Hou
se B
Lim
esto
neC
hunk
Nat
ural
1716
6Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:45
0:5
Pit H
ouse
BLi
mes
tone
Chu
nkN
atur
al15
116
Yes
No
04E1
072:
450:
6Pi
t Hou
se B
Lim
esto
neC
hunk
Nat
ural
1113
6Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:45
0:7
Pit H
ouse
BLi
mes
tone
Chu
nkN
atur
al15
115
Yes
No
04E1
072:
450:
8Pi
t Hou
se B
Lim
esto
neC
hunk
Nat
ural
1911
8Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:45
0:9
Pit H
ouse
BLi
mes
tone
Chu
nkN
atur
al10
85
Yes
No
04E1
072:
450:
10Pi
t Hou
se B
Lim
esto
neC
hunk
Nat
ural
1310
7Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:45
0:11
Pit H
ouse
BLi
mes
tone
Chu
nkN
atur
al12
104
Yes
No
04E1
072:
450:
12Pi
t Hou
se B
Lim
esto
neC
hunk
Nat
ural
109
9Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:45
0:13
Pit H
ouse
BLi
mes
tone
Chu
nkN
atur
al10
86
Yes
No
04E1
072:
450:
14Pi
t Hou
se B
Lim
esto
neC
hunk
Nat
ural
106
6Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:45
0:15
Pit H
ouse
BLi
mes
tone
Spal
lN
atur
al13
63
Yes
No
04E1
072:
450:
16Pi
t Hou
se B
Lim
esto
neC
hunk
Nat
ural
86
5Ye
sN
o04
E107
2:45
0:17
Pit H
ouse
BLi
mes
tone
Spal
lN
atur
al7
42
Yes
No
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
110
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
15 Appendix 6 Cremated Bone
AShortNoteontheCrematedSkeletalRemainsfromMitchelstown,Co.Cork(04E1072)
LindaFibigerBA(Hons)MScMIAI
November2005
Only one sample was submitted for analysis. It included a single bone fragment, measuring 1.3 cm in maximum length and weighing less than one gram. The greyish-white colour of the remains indicated that they had been thoroughly burned. The bone was not diagnostic and could therefore not be positively identified as either animal or human bone.
C19 - Sample 3
Number of fragments: 1
Weight: < 1 g
Size: 1.4 cm
Colour: Greyish-White
Identification: Cortical bone
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
111
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
16 Appendix 7 Stones Catalogue
MitchelstownN804E1072StonesCatologue
Non-Rotary Quern Stone (04E1072:529:24) L. 421mm., Br. 310mm., W. 198mm. Portion of a sub-circular shaped stone. Concave faced.
Non-Rotary Quern Stone (04E1072:1:6) L. 430mm., Br. 254mm., W. 110mm. Half part of a oval-shaped quern. Concave faced with polished upper surface.
Possible Quern Stone (04E1072:387:13) L. 254mm., Br. 185mm., W. 40mm. Sub-rectan-gular flat-faced fragment, with a rounded side and smooth/polished upper surface.
Worked Stone? (04E1072:1:5) L. 112mm., Br. 86mm., W. 44mm. Rectangular shaped sand-stone, slightly hollowed on the top. Probably natural.
Packing Stones (04E1072:160:8) L. 198mm., Br. 133mm., W. 62mm. Sandstone deliber-ately split in two parts and used for packing a post-hole. Rectangular in shape, shrinks with a concave bend on one of the long sides.
Packing Stone (04E1072:421:21) L. 280mm., Br. 255mm., W. 130mm. Sandstone used for packing a post-hole. Sub-rectangular in shape, slightly rounded on the edge, with an irregular surface.
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
112
ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
17 Appendix 8 Archive ContentSummary account of site archive 04E1072Type Description Quantity NotesContexts Area A Validated contexts from excavationArea BArea CPlans 1:100 plan (sheets)
1:50 plan (sheets)1:20 plan (sheets)
Sections 1:20 sections and profiles (Sheets)
MatricesPhotographsRegisters Context
PhotographDrawingFinds 1Samples
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
18 Appendix 9 Dissemination Strategy 04E1072PublicationsExcavations 2004 Text submitted January 2004 Publication pendingNRA publication Text submitted February 2006 Publication pendingPresentation Lecture given to Mitchelstown and Mallow Historical
Societies May & October 2005
Overview of the Scheme was given to the IAI conference in Cork
Jun-05
It is the right of Cork County Council (the Council) to fulfil some or all of the stated publication require-ments, either in part or in full, should it so decide, and that copyright is aggisned to the Council in order that it may make such information available to the public.It is the right of Cork County Council (the Council) to fulfil some or all of the stated presentation re-quirements, either in part or in full, should it so decide.
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Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072
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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237
19 Appendix 10 Programme Schedule Dates & Deliveries 04E1072Phase 1 testing June 2004Phase 2 resolution Duration of excavation 3rd August-14th September 2004 Phase 3 post-excavationPostex Assessment & Stragegy Document submitted to Cork County Council March 2005Interim Excavation Report Report submitted to Cork County Council August 2005Final Excavation Report Report submitted to Cork County Council December 2007Publications Excavations 2004 Summary submitted January 2005NRA Monography Summary submitted to Cork County Council February 2006
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