Archaeological Report - Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork (Ireland)

Issue 10 [ISSN 2009-2237]

Archaeological Excavation Report

04E1072 - Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork

Middle Bronze Age houses

Eachtra Journal

Contact details:The Forge,Innishannon, Co. Cork.Tel.: 021 470 16 16Fax: 021 470 16 28E-mail: [email protected] Site: www.eachtra.ie

January 2008

Written by:

Client:

Archaeological Excavation Report,N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road,Mitchelstown,Co. Cork.

Cork County Council,National Roads Office,Richmond,Glanmire,Co. Cork.

04E1072

Eamonn Cotter

Licence No.:

Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/04e1072-mitchelstown1/

Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork - N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road04E1072

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ISSUE 10: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237

Copyright Notice: Please note that all original information contained within this report, including all original drawings, photographs, text and all other printed matter deemed to be the writer’s, remains the property of the writer and Eachtra Archaeological Projects and so may not be reproduced or used in any form without the written consent of the writer or Eachtra Archaeological Projects.

Table of Contents

Non-Technical Summary .............................................................................................1

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................2

1.1 Site location .......................................................................................................2

1.2 Scope of the Project ............................................................................................2

1.3 Circumstances of discovery ................................................................................3

1.4 Date and duration of excavation works ...............................................................3

1.5 Size and composition of the excavation team ......................................................3

2 Receiving Environment .......................................................................................3

2.1 The Natural Landscape ......................................................................................3

2.2 The Human Landscape ......................................................................................5

3 Original Research Framework ............................................................................10

4 Excavation Results ..............................................................................................11

4.1 Excavation Methodology ...................................................................................11

4.2 Stratigraphic Report ..........................................................................................11

4.3 Artefactual evidence ..........................................................................................15

4.4 Environmental evidence ....................................................................................15

4.5 Dating evidence ...........................................................................................17

5. Discussion & Interpretation .....................................................................................19

6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................20

7 Bibliography .......................................................................................................21

7.1 Other Sources ...................................................................................................23

8 Figures ................................................................................................................24

9 Plates ..................................................................................................................33



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10 Appendix 1 Matrix .............................................................................................37

11 Appendix 2 Context Register ..............................................................................38

12 Appendix 3 Find Register ..................................................................................100

13 Appendix 4 Plant remains report ....................................................................... 101

14 Appendix 5 Lithics Report & Catalogue ............................................................107

15 Appendix 6 Cremated Bone ............................................................................... 110

16 Appendix 7 Stones Catalogue ............................................................................ 111

17 Appendix 8 Archive Content .............................................................................. 112

18 Appendix 9 Dissemination Strategy ................................................................... 113

19 Appendix 10 Programme Schedule Dates & Deliveries ......................................114



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List of FiguresFigure 1 Portion of Discovery Map showing route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road. ..... 24

Figure 2 Portion of RMP sheets CO010 and CO019 showing route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road. .......................................................................................................................... 25

Figure 3 Portion of 1st edition OS maps sheets CO010 and CO019 showing Mitchelstown Demesne and the route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road. ............................................... 26

Figure 4 Route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road showing location of all archaeological sites. .............................................................................................................................. 27

Figure 5 Post excavation plan of Area A. ............................................................................... 28

Figure 6 Mid- excavation plan showing slot trench for House B (beige) cutting slot trench for House C (blue). ..................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 7 Post-excavation plan and section of isolated pit C.368 in Area B. ........................... 30

Figure 8 Cross sections through some of typical structural postholes on the site. .................. 31

Figure 9 Illustration of quern stones 04E1072:1:6, 04E1072:387:13 and 04E1072:529:24. ... 32

List of PlatesPlate 1 Aerial view of Houses A, B and C from the north. .................................................... 33

Plate 2 Aerial view of Houses A, B and C from the west. ...................................................... 33

Plate 3 Detail of slot trench for wall of House A. .................................................................. 34

Plate 4 Detail of C252 hearth House C. ............................................................................... 34

Plate 5 View of quern stone 04E1072:1:6 (listed as 04 in quern stones plates of artefacts). ... 35

Plate 6 View of quern stone 04E1072:387:13 (listed as 07 in quern stones plates of artefacts). 35

Plate 7 View of quern stone 04E1072:529:24 (listed as 06 in quern stones plates of artefacts). 36

Plate 8 View of flint artefacts 04E1072:1:1, 04E1072:1:3, 04E1072:6:1, 04E1072:325:1 and 04E1072:450:1. ..................................................................................................................... 36



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Non-Technical Summary

This report details the results of an archaeological excavation undertaken by Eachtra Ar-chaeological Projects of a site on the route of the proposed N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road, on behalf of Cork County Council. The proposed bypass involves the construction of 4.5Km of the N8 from Cloonlough, south of Mitchelstown, to the junction of the R513 and the N8, north of Mitchelstown.

Phase 1 of the project (archaeological testing of the route) was carried out in June, July and September 2004 under licences 04E0889-04E0892 issued by Department of the Environ-ment Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG). The principal aim of this phase of the project was to test sites of archaeological potential identified in the EIS and geophysical sur-veying and to test for any previously unknown sites by a programme of centreline and offset testing.

Phase 2 of the project (resolution) involved the resolution of all archaeological sites identified within the proposed road corridor prior to commencement of the construction of the bypass in order to avoid delays and costs during construction works. This phase of the project was carried out from September-December 2004 and excavations were conducted by two licensed directors under the management of a Senior Archaeologist. In total five sites were excavated during this phase of works and all excavations were carried out initially under separate li-cences issued by DoEHLG and subsequently under Ministerial Order.

One of these sites, Mitchelstown 1, is the subject of this report. Mitchelstown 1 was identi-fied during phase 1 as a potential settlement site comprising a cluster of stakeholes and areas of burnt clay indicating a possible hearth. Archaeological resolution of this site commenced on August 3rd 2004 and was carried out by Eamonn Cotter under licence number 04E1072. Resolution of the site revealed three circular houses constructed in two phases. Each house was c. 10m in diameter and had an entrance facing east. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal samples from the site indicated a date range of c. 1490-1260 cal BC, placing them in the Middle Bronze Age.



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1 Introduction

1.1 Site location

This report details the results of the archaeological excavation of a site on the N8 Mitchel-stown Relief Road (MRR), County Cork. The site was located c.0.5 km northwest of Mitch-elstown, at National Grid Co-ordinates 180869,113639 at an elevation of 106m OD (Fig. 1). It is located in the townland of Mitchelstown, the Parish of Brigown and barony of Condons and Clangibbon.

1.2 ScopeoftheProject

This Archaeological Services Project was carried out on behalf of Cork County Council, National Roads Design Office, Richmond, Glanmire, Co. Cork. This project was funded by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan, 2000-2006. The purpose of the Project was to conduct Archaeological Site Investigations within the lands made available for the scheme and to assess the nature and extent of any new or potential archaeological sites uncovered.

Phase 1 of the project (archaeological testing of the route) was carried out in June, July and September 2004 under licences 04E0889-04E0892 issued by Department of the Environ-ment Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG). The principal aim of this phase of the project was to test sites of archaeological potential identified in the EIS and geophysical sur-veying and to test for any previously unknown sites by a programme of centreline and offset testing.

Phase 2 of the project (resolution) involved the resolution of all archaeological sites identified within the proposed road corridor prior to commencement of the construction of the bypass in order to avoid delays and costs during construction works. This phase of the project was carried out from September-December 2004 and excavations were conducted by two licensed directors under the management of a Senior Archaeologist. In total five sites were excavated during this phase of works and all excavations were carried out initially under separate li-cences issued by DoEHLG and subsequently under Ministerial Order (Fig. 4).

Following completion of fieldwork a dissemination strategy was undertaken and submitted



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to the project archaeologist. A programme of post-excavation analysis was agreed and com-menced. A lecture on the preliminary findings was given to Mitchelstown Historical Society in May 2005 by the project and senior archaeologists.

1.3 Circumstances of discovery

Archaeological testing in June 2004, under licence 04E0890, revealed a number of features of archaeological potential in the area, identified as a dense cluster of stakeholes and a possible hearth. The site was designated Mitchelstown 1. Topsoil stripping around these features was recommended, with full excavation of all features exposed.

1.4 Date and duration of excavation works

Excavation commenced on August 3rd 2004, under Licence no. 04E1072, and continued for 8 weeks, ending on September 24th 2004.

1.5 Size and composition of the excavation team

Team size averaged six people, including one director, one supervisor, two site assistants and two general operatives.

2 Receiving Environment

2.1 The Natural Landscape

2.1.1 Geology

The geological structure of the East Cork area, in which the proposed road scheme is located, consists of east-west valleys (synclines) separated by intervening ridges (anticlines)1. The ma-1 The following information on the geology of the area is taken from Sleeman A. G. and McConnell, B (1995) Geology of East Cork-~Waterford, Geological Survey of Ireland.



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jor towns and smaller settlements are predominately located within the valleys and often at important river crossings. The ridges are comprised of sandstones and mudstones of the Devonian ‘Old Red Sandstone’, laid down 355-410 million years ago, while the valleys are floored by poorly exposed Carboniferous limestones laid down 290-355 million years ago.

Mitchelstown is located in one of these valleys, known in geological terminology as the Mitchelstown Syncline. This is an extension of the Fermoy Syncline, which incorporates the Blackwater River valley. The Mitchelstown Syncline extends north-eastwards between the Galty and Knockmealdown mountain ranges into South Tipperary. The geology of the area is characterised by a succession of various Carboniferous Limestones known collectively as the Carrick-on-Suir and Mitchelstown Succession. Two of the formations which form this group are represented in the area of the present site. They are the O’Mahony’s Rock Forma-tion, composed of shallow water algal laminites, and the Rathronan Formation, composed of micrites, wackestones and cherts.

The bedrock geology of the area is overlain by more recent Quaternary sediments mostly deposited by melting glaciers and ice sheets during the various alternating warm and cold phases in the period from 1.6 million years ago to 10,000 years ago. Quaternary deposits generally range from 3-4m in thickness but thicknesses of up to 60m are known in the Blackwater valley. The nature of these sediments depends on the origin of the ice sheets that deposited them. The deposits in the valley between Mitchelstown and Cahir contain mostly sandstone debris derived from higher ground to the north.

2.1.2 Soilsandtheiruses

The soils to the north of the Gradoge River to the west of Mitchelstown are characterised by a mix of acid brown earths, gleys and grey brown podzolics, which are derived from mixed sandstone and limestone glacial till while the underlying rock is Carboniferous limestone. The acid brown earths and gleys occur in the gently rolling valleys of Cork and Waterford mainly at altitudes of 0-75m (Gardiner 1980, 61). These soils have a wide use range and are suitable for tillage and grass production. The soils to the south of the Gradoge River are characterized by a mix of gleys and peaty gleys which are derived from glacial till of mixed sandstone-shale composition with a small admixture of limestone in places. They occur mostly at altitudes of 76m to 152m. These soils have a limited use range as they are poorly drained even on good slopes. They are best suited to grassland (ibid. 77-79). The land along the route is for the most part under pasture.



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2.1.3 Topography(seeFig.1)

The topography of the Mitchelstown area comprises a broad plain running approximately east-west. The plain is dominated by the Galtee Mountains to the north, the Ballyhoura Mountains to the west and the Kilworth Mountains (the foothills of the Knockmealdown Mountains) to the south. It is drained mainly by the Funshion River which rises in the Galty mountains to the northeast and flows westwards to the north of Mitchelstown, before turn-ing southwards to join the Blackwater near Fermoy.

The town itself is built on a plateau overlooking the Gradoge River, which rises in the north-ern slopes of the Kilworth mountains and flows westwards to join the Funshion 1.5Km west of the town.

The route of the N8 Mitchelstown relief road (MRR) traverses the townlands of Cloonlough, Stag Park and Mitchelstown, to the south, west and north-west of the town. The southern part of the route initially runs westwards across the plateau at 125m OD before turning northwards, rising to 135m OD, then dropping sharply into the Gradoge valley at 80m OD. From there it rises north eastwards across the limestone ridge on the northern side of the val-ley at

The archaeological site described in this report was located on the edge of a limestone plateau to the north of the Gradoge, overlooking the valley.

2.2 The Human Landscape

2.2.1 ArchaeologicalBackground

There is a paucity of known archaeological sites within a 2 km radius of the route of the N8 MRR. Three prehistoric sites, fulachta fiadh (CO019-019, -020, -021) are recorded in Stagpark and Ballykearney within 100-500m of the route corridor. The site of Mitchelstown Castle (CO019-026), the associated demesne and the historic town of Mitchelstown (CO019-149) are the principal medieval and post-medieval sites in the vicinity of the route corridor (Figs. 2 and 3).



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2.2.2 Mesolithic7000BC-4000BC

The earliest known human settlement in Ireland dates from the Mesolithic period (c. 7000 BC - 4000 BC). In Munster, the majority of the evidence (flint scatters) for Mesolithic occu-pation has ‘come from the Blackwater valley in Co. Cork’ (Woodman 1989, 116). Flint scat-ters were recorded in the townlands of Ballynamona (CO018-099) and Wallstown (CO018-100) on the northern and southern sides of the Awbeg river respectively c. 15km to the west of the route of the N8 MRR (Power et. al. 2000, 2).

2.2.3 Neolithic4000BC-2500BC

The Neolithic Period is characterised by the introduction of agriculture and the beginnings of the clearance of the woodlands. The population increased and became more sedentary in nature. Substantial Neolithic settlement sites have been recorded at Lough Gur, Co. Limer-ick and Cloghers, Co. Kerry. The material culture includes the manufacture of pottery, flint and stone arrowheads, scrapers, axes etc. The range of monuments types includes Megalithic tombs (court tombs, portal tombs, passage tombs and wedge tombs), single burial graves and stone circles.

There is a paucity of evidence for Neolithic settlement sites in the south-west of Ireland, though recent archaeological investigation associated with infrastructural development has revealed new sites from that period in County Cork. The nearest known Neolithic house was excavated on the N8 Rathcormac-Fermoy in the townland of Gortore. The structure was dated to the Early Neolithic cal BC 3928-3655 (UB 6769). Further evidence of Neolithic activity was recorded at Fermoy and Curraghprevin, on the same road scheme.

2.2.4 BronzeAge2000BC-500BC

The Bronze Age is characterised by the introduction of metallurgy, the mining of copper ores and manufacture of copper, bronze and gold items. The range of burial site types includes, cist graves, pit and urn burials, cremation cemeteries, barrows, ring-ditches and wedge tombs. Stone circles and standing stones also date to the Bronze Age. Both enclosed and unenclosed settlement sites are known. The most prolific Bronze Age site type is the fulacht fiadh, of over 2,000 examples of which have been recorded in County Cork alone. These monuments survive as low mounds of charcoal rich black silt packed with heat-shattered stones and are generally situated close to a water source. In many cases, however, all that survives to the



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present day are black spreads with fragments of shattered stones visible in ploughed fields. Fulachta fiadh are generally classified as ‘cooking places’, whereby stones were heated in a hearth and subsequently placed in a trough of water, the water continued to boil with the ad-dition of hot stones and wrapped food was cooked within the hot water. The trough eventu-ally filled with small stones, ash and charcoal that were removed and formed the basis of the familiar mound. The absence of animal remains and the scarcity of associated hearths have fuelled the debate in relation to the function of the sites. Other theories on their interpreta-tion include bathing and dyeing textiles together with the production of hot water and steam for curative purposes and sweat houses (Kelly 1989, 225). Waddell (1998, 177) suggests the semi-industrial purpose of using the boiling water for dipping hides as part of the preparation of the leather.

There are few wedge tombs or stone circles known from north or east Cork. Two of the excep-tions are wedge tombs located at Labbacallee (CO027-086) and at Manning (CO027-091) both located c. 8 km south of the N8 MRR. Labbacallee is one of the largest wedge tombs in the country.

The Bronze Age cemetery of Mitchelstowndown West, located 16 km to the north of the N8 MRR, contains 53 small barrows. Four of these were selected for excavation by the Discovery Programme (Daly et. al. 1992, 44).

Until recently Bronze Age settlement sites were a rarity in North Cork, but recent excava-tions have altered the picture. A Bronze Age occupation site was recorded underlying the medieval ringfort Lisleagh I (CO027-158) c.3.5km to the south of the N8 MRR (Power et. al. 2000, 210). A house site was excavated at Killydonoghoe on the route of the N8 Glanmire-Watergrasshill Bypass (Sherlock, 2003). A large Bronze Age settlement site consisting of three enclosures and three circular houses was excavated in 2003 at Ballybrowney on the route of the N8 Rathcormac-Fermoy (Cotter 2004, 38).

2.2.5 IronAge500BC–400AD

At present, there is little evidence of a significant Iron Age presence in the Cork region. Set-tlement sites are few and far between as well as being difficult to identify (Woodman, 2000) while the material culture of this period is limited. Linear earthworks, which are believed to have marked tribal boundaries, are one of the most visible monuments of the period.

Three separate stretches of one such boundary, the Claidh Dubh, have been recorded in



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County Cork. The longest stretch, c. 24 km extends from the Nagle Mountains, across the Blackwater valley and into the Ballyhoura Hills. The Claidh Dubh crosses the N73 c. 12km west of the N8 MRR. Radiocarbon dating following excavation of a section of it revealed it dated to some time before 100AD (Doody 1995, 23).

Three of the five hillfort sites in Cork are located in North Cork (Power et al, 2000, 205). Caherdrinny is located at the western end of the Kilworth Mountains, c. 3 km to the south of the N8 MRR and Corrin is located at the eastern end of the Nagle Mountains c. 15 km to the south of the N8 MRR.

A complex of monuments in Conva townland (c. 15 km to the southwest of the N8 MRR) was identified by aerial photography in the Blackwater Valley. Crop marks indicated three enclosures (CO034-7201, -7202, -7203) and a number of large pits (CO034-7204) possibly comprising a rectangular enclosure. The site was investigated in 1992 by Martin Doody of the Discovery Programme which involved geophysical prospection, topographic survey and trial excavation. Sections were dug through the three enclosures and through four of the large pits. Metal debris was discovered and radiocarbon dates indicated that the complex dated to the Iron Age/Early Medieval period.

2.2.6 EarlyMedieval400AD–1000AD

The Early Medieval Period/Early Christian Period is characterized by the arrival of Christian-ity to Ireland. Early ecclesiastical sites in the vicinity of Mitchelstown are located at Brigown (CO019-030) to the immediate southeast, Kildrum (CO020-025) to the east, Aghacross (CO019-002) to the west, Labbamolagga (CO010-003) to the northwest and Killeenemer (CO19-092) to the southwest. The monastery of Brigown founded in the 7th century gives its name to the modern parish (Power 1996, 3).

The characteristic monument type of the period was the ringfort, with estimates of between 30 and 50,000 illustrated on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey 6” maps of the 1840’s (Barry, 1987). As a result of continued research these monuments are ascribed a narrow date range between the 7th and 9th centuries AD. Although there are some very elaborate exam-ples of ringforts they often take the form of a simple earthen or stone enclosure and func-tioned as settlements for all classes of secular society (Stout, 1997). In the late 1980’s and early 1990’s a long-term research excavation of two ringforts was undertaken at Lisleagh c. 3.5km to the south of the route of the N8 MRR. Structural, domestic and industrial evidence was recorded at both sites. The Lisleagh I site was constructed in the early seventh century and



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was occupied into the ninth century AD (Monk 1995, 105-116).

2.2.7 Medieval1000AD–1300AD&LateMedieval1300AD-1500AD

The period is characterized by the arrival of the Anglo-Normans, who established numer-ous manors, towns and settlements to administer their extensive landholdings throughout Munster. The Brigown area was colonised by the St. Mitchel family who established the town which was eventually to bear their name (Nicholls 1993, 187), and which was listed as a mar-ket town in 1299 (O Brien 1993, 94). Nothing is known of the earliest castle in the area, but ruins surviving in the eighteenth century were said to be those of a castle that was destroyed in the wars of 1641 (Smith 1750, vol 1, 346). That castle was located on a limestone ridge on the southern bank of the Gradoge River, to the west of the modern town, and close to where the later castle (described below) was subsequently located.

Some time after 1340 the area was acquired by the White Knights, a branch of the Norman Geraldine family (Nicholls, op. cit.). It subsequently passed into the hands of the Fentons in the early seventeenth century and, in the eighteenth, to the Earls of Kingston (Power 2000, 6).

2.2.8 Post-Medieval1500AD–1800AD

In the second half of the eighteenth century Lord Kingsborough, the 2nd earl of Kingston, embarked on an ambitious programme of expansion. He demolished the old town and re-placed it with a new Georgian town laid out in a grid pattern, with two squares, new churches and new commercial and industrial buildings.

The developments also included a new mansion near the site of the earlier castle, and an ex-tensive demesne extending to some 1240 acres, enclosed by a demesne wall (see Fig. 3). The wall was ‘six-and-a-quarter-mile long…between eight and ten feet in height’ (Power 1996, 24). All public roads that were located within the area of the demesne were closed and rerout-ed along the periphery of the wall. Entry to the demesne was gained through White Gate, Killacluig Gate and Limerick Gate, and the main entrance was at King Square in the town. Extensive works were undertaken within the area of the demesne which resulted in ‘a quad-rangle of buildings, a garden of five English acres surrounded by a wall, large conservatories and lavishly arranged gardens became part of the scene. Two artificial lakes were developed beneath the rockface on which the castle stood’ (ibid., 24). Several hundred acres of wood-



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land comprising of oak, ash, larch, beech and alder were planted within the demesne.

In the early nineteenth century the third earl of Kingston demolished the Georgian house and had a magnificent neo-Gothic castellated mansion built in its place, designed by the well-known architects James and George Pain. The limestone buildings formed three sides of a courtyard and contained 80 stately rooms linked by a gallery 100 feet long, 22 feet wide and with a Gothic ceiling 33 feet high (Power 2000, 74).

This building survived until it was burnt by Republican forces in 1922. The stone was bought by the Cistercian monks of Mount Melleray who used it to build a church. Subsequently the site of the castle and part of the demesne was purchased by Mitchelstown Co-op Creameries (later Dairygold Co-op), whose food production enterprises occupy the Castle site today. The remainder of the demesne was divided into farms, the town park and a golf course.

3 Original Research Framework

The following issues will be addressed in this excavation report.

The construction date or date of initial site activity and the date of abandonment.

The absolute / relative chronology of site use in terms of phases and events.

The location of known contemporaneous and comparable sites.

The extent of the viable economic catchment area in terms of sources of water, food, raw materials, transportation routes etc



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4 Excavation Results

4.1 Excavation Methodology

Two separate areas were excavated at Mitchelstown 1, Area A, measuring 31m x 26m and Area B, 170m to the southwest, measuring c. 10m x 8. Area A was the main area of archaeo-logical activity, while Area B comprised a single pit (Figs. 4, 5 and 7).

Both areas were stripped of topsoil under archaeological supervision using a mechanical dig-ger fitted with a grading bucket. Spoil was moved by dumper and was stored on archaeologi-cally sterile areas within the limits of the site. All potential archaeological features exposed within the cutting were carefully cleaned and recorded (by plan, photographs, levels, feature sheets etc.) and excavated by hand. Each feature (cut feature, fill, layer, deposit, spread, built feature etc.) was assigned a Context number. All Contexts were numbered sequentially from 1 to infinity within each site; i.e. C12 represents feature 12. Where appropriate, soil samples and charcoal samples were taken in an effort to obtain a date and function for the various features. All finds were numbered according to the requirements of the National Museum of Ireland from 1 to infinity according to licence number and feature number; i.e. 04E1072:12:4 represents find number 4 within feature number 12 in Mitchelstown 1, which was excavated under licence number 04E1072.

4.2 Stratigraphic Report

After removal of topsoil in Area A it was immediately apparent that a large number of ar-chaeological features were present, mainly postholes and stakeholes, forming at least two structures.

The site was ultimately found to comprise of three circular houses, House A, House B and House C (Figs. 5, 6 and 8, Pls. 1, 2 ). House C was stratigraphically the earliest of the three, and was cut at its northern end by House A and at its southern end by House B.

House A

House A was a D-shaped structure measuring 9.8m N-S x 9.1.m E-W. The entrance was c. 1m wide and located in the centre of the eastern side, the straight façade of the ‘D’ plan.



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The house was constructed of a series of nine postholes (C127, C45, C53, C37, C23, C31, C40, C63, and C135) forming a semi-circle. These would have held the main supporting posts for the structure. These postholes were, on average, 0.4m in diameter and 0.4m deep and were set 1.7m apart. A slot trench (C25 and its fill, C2) located 1.1m outside the postholes would have held the wall of the house, probably a post-and-wattle structure. This slot trench was generally 0.2m-0.25m wide and 0.1m-0.2m deep (Pl. 3), becoming shallower towards the west, and disappearing completely around the western side (it may have been present here originally and been removed by machinery of by modern agricultural work). On the eastern, straight facade, the slot trench was deeper and more substantial, particularly on either side of the entrance, suggesting the external wall on this side supported the roof, since no internal supporting posts were present on this side.

House A appears to have been divided internally by a partition wall running north/south be-tween C127 and C135, the two postholes forming the termini of the semi-circular setting of postholes which formed the structural basis of the house. A shallow trench, C28, extending between those postholes and located 2.5m inside the entrance was most likely the foundation trench for this partition (Fig. 6). It was flanked on its eastern side by two further postholes, C140 and C200, which probably held supporting posts for this partition wall. To the east of the partition, immediately inside the entrance, another depression, C42, may represent the location of another entrance feature, possibly a wooden threshold. This depression measured 2.4m x 0.35m x 0.08m deep. It fill, C4, was a fine, crumbly black silt, possibly resulting from decayed wood. Two stakeholes (C412, C413) located on opposite sides of C42, may have held stakes or pegs which held the threshold in place.

A small area of burnt clay (C74) near the centre of House A may mark the location of the hearth.

HouseB

House B was located 1.8m south of House A. Like House A it was a D-shaped structure, with its entrance facing east and located centrally on the straight façade of the ‘D’ plan. At 11m x 11m it was slightly larger than House A. The principal structural feature of the house was the semi-circle of postholes, C532, C432, C434, C405, C389, C404, C376, C399 and C378, with a probable tenth posthole between 404 and 376 in the southwest quadrant destroyed by a later field boundary ditch, C461. As with House A these postholes would have held the main roof supports, while the wall of the house, probably of stake-and-wattle construction, would have stood in the slot trench, C564, which was found outside the ring of postholes. In the case of House B the slot trench was found only around the northern half of the house. It



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is unclear if it ever existed around the western side, but around the southern side it may have been destroyed by the construction of the later field boundary ditches C400 and C461.

There was no evidence of any internal division within House B, nor was there any evidence of an internal hearth. A substantial hearth, C362, located between the structural postholes and the wall of House B is presumed to belong to House C, if not to a phase of activity pre-dating the houses.

HouseC

House C was stratigraphically earlier than both House A and House B. With its D-shaped plan it was almost identical to them in layout, with the exception that there was no evidence for an outer slot trench, though it is possible that such a slot trench did exist but was destroyed by the later activity involving the construction of Houses A and B. Again, the main structural element of the house was a semi-circular ring of postholes (C572, C173, C75, C86, C569, C571, C512, C379, C426, C493, and C574). The surviving evidence indicated it measured 10m x 10m, but it may have been slightly larger if, like the others, it had an outer slot trench which would have been located c. 1m outside the structural postholes.

There is some evidence to suggest that House C had an internal division, like House A. Two pits, C250 and C502, are so symmetrically located in relation to the entrance and to the ring of structural postholes that they may be compared with postholes C140 and C200 in House A and regarded as representing an internal north/south dividing wall in the house. Both 250 and 502 are elongated pits and are quite shallow, at 0.12m-0.15m, but their shape may be the result of the uprooting of postholes during the destruction of House C to make way for Houses A and B.

A substantial hearth located west of centre in House C may be assumed to have been contem-porary with it, though there is no definite evidence for this. The hearth, C362, comprised a pit measuring 1.26m x 0.72m and 0.15m deep. It’s fill, C252, comprised a thin layer of black silt on the surface, with a layer of oxidised sandy clay beneath, indicating intense burning within the pit. A posthole, C253, at the northeastern corner of the hearth may have been part of a spit structure over the hearth.

OtherBronzeAgefeatures

In addition to the features described above a significant number of other features was exca-vated on the site, in particular two clusters of stakeholes, Group A and Group B. Group A was a dense cluster of stakeholes occurring mainly between House A and house B, but ex-tending northwards and southwards into both houses. An area of scorched clay amongst the



14


stakeholes suggested this was an external cooking area and the stakeholes probably represent light temporary structures around the hearth. Since no obvious structural pattern could be observed in the stakeholes, it may be assumed that the structures were short-lived and fre-quently replaced, giving rise to the random pattern.

Though it is thought unlikely that all these stakeholes were exactly contemporary with each other, it can, however, be assumed that as a group they are broadly contemporaneous. The stratigraphic evidence indicated that they were earlier than the houses.

The second cluster of stakeholes, Group B, was located within House A and was confined to an area immediately east of C28, the internal partition wall. The fact that their distribution appears to respect C28 suggests they are contemporary with it and they are assumed to rep-resent some activity within the house.

A number of other pits and postholes were excavated within the houses. Most of these could not with certainty be ascribed to any particular structure or period and their function re-mains unclear.

Laterandnon-archaeologicalfeatures

Two parallel ditches, C440 and C461 ran east/west across the southern end of the site, cut-ting through the southern end of House B. Concentrations of stones and some modern rub-ble were noted in this area and it is likely that these ditches were part of a Post-Medieval field boundary in this area, possibly bordering a trackway leading to the gateway at the southwest corner of the field.

Three geological features were also noted, C18 and C34 within House A and just outside its northeast corner, and a third immediately west of House B. The fill of these was similar to the topsoil and, in the case of C34, contained a quantity of loosely packed limestone boulders which appeared to have been dumped in the cavity. These features were geological ‘swallow-holes’, features common in limestone areas and caused by ground collapsing when the rock underneath is dissolved by acid in the water (Nevill 1974, 62).

One further feature, C368, was also recorded (Fig. 7). This was an isolated pit located c. 100m southwest of the Bronze Age houses. It measured 1.15m x 1.15m x 0.3m deep with steep sides and flat base. Its function is uncertain and no other features were found in the vicinity.



15


4.3 Artefactual evidence

Few artefacts were recovered during the excavation. No Bronze Age pottery was found. Six worked lithics were found (Pl. 8), including one piece of pointed limestone and five flints (see Appendix 5 for full report). Three of the flints were found in the topsoil, one in one of the cluster of stakeholes between House A and House B, and one in C502, a pit/possible post-hole, part of the structure of House C.

The flints are regarded as undiagnostic, waste products from lithic reduction.

The single limestone piece appears to be a deliberately created pin- or awl-like tool. Its dating is uncertain since it was found in the topsoil.

Three fragment of saddle quern were also recovered (Fig. 9, Pl. 5-7). One (04E1072:529:24) was used as a packing stone in a posthole at the south side of the entrance to House C; an-other (04E1072:387:13) was found in C381, a pit/possible posthole within House B; the third (04E1072:1:6) was found in the topsoil.

Two other artefacts were recovered. These were two minute gold-coloured fragments of what appeared to be a thin metal. One was found in the fill of C373, the posthole forming the south side of the entrance to House B, the other in the fill of C536, a posthole within House B. Both items have been identified by the National Museum of Ireland as being of a modern alloy. The occurrence of modern materials within these features was surprising, but it must be noted that both were truncated by C461, a Post-Medieval/Modern ditch, so that contamina-tion of the earlier features is possible.

4.4 Environmental evidence

Thirty-five soil samples retained during the excavation were submitted for analysis, which was carried out by Penny Johnston (see Appendix 4 for details).

Cereal remains from the site comprised four grains of barley and three of wheat, too small an assemblage to attempt any meaningful interpretation. The remarkable feature of the plant remains from the site was the unusually large volume of seeds of the Dock family. Whereas Dock seeds are usually thought of as weeds introduced inadvertently along with cereals, the paucity of cereal grains on this site makes that explanation unlikely. It is possible that the Dock seeds were a food product, as they have been found in the stomach contents of bog



16


bodies.

Table1 Contextual information for environmental remainsSample No. Context No.

(Fill/Cut)Context Description Material recovered

Type (Quantity)House A23 2/25 Fill of structural slot

trenchWeeds

42 2/25

12 3/28 Sill-beam trench for internal partition wall

None

46 3/28

20 4/42 Possible threshold Hazelnut (1), weeds (17) & cereal (2)50 8/130 Pit, S side of house Weeds (17) & cereal (1)7 14/20 Posthole within

house Weeds (1)

27 15/45 Structural posthole, N side of house

Weeds (1)

18 16/35 Pit, N side of house Weeds (66)9 22/21 Posthole within

houseWeed (1), Cereal (1)

11 27/26 Structural posthole, S side of entrance

Weeds

14 32/31 Structural posthole, W side of house

Weeds (2), Grass (1)

28 50/53 Structural posthole, NW side of house

None

31 54/55 Pit, NE corner of house

Weeds (22), Cereal (1)

21 58/57 Stakehole, SW corner of house

Weeds (19)

39 70/72 Posthole within house

Cereal (2)

House B123 420/419 Structural posthole,

E sideNone

100 371/373 Posthole, S side of entrance

Weeds (70), Cereals (1)

103 374/376 Structural posthole, S side of house

Weeds (8)

104 390/389 Structural posthole W side of house

None

110 398/399 Structural posthole S side of house

Weeds (1), Cereals (4), Grass (1)

119 414/415 Structural posthole, N side of entrance

Weeds (2)

137 494/564 Fill of structural slot trench

Weeds (3)

151 537/536 Posthole within House C

Cereal (1)



17


158 560/564 Fill of structural slot trench

None

House C45 76/75 Structural posthole,

N side.Weeds

47 85/86 Structural posthole, NW side.

None

80 252/362 Fill of hearth None86 253 Posthole on edge of

hearth 362Weeds (1)

120 425/426 Structural posthole, S side of house

None

144 514/527 Structural posthole, S side of entrance

Weeds (39)

Stakeholes-Group A77 221 Stakehole None79 246 Stakehole None83 258 Stakehole NoneOther features121 423/522 Pit within Houses

B/C. Probably earlier

Weeds (1)

4.5 Dating evidence

As noted above (par. 4.3) no pottery was found on the excavation, so the dating and phasing of the features was dependant on radiocarbon dating and stratigraphic evidence.

Table 2 Details of radiocarbon datesLab. Code Sample material/Context Yrs BP Calibrated Dates

1 sigma 2 sigmaUB-6771 Charcoal from C3, fill of slot

trench for internal partition wall, House A

3122 +/- 37 1438-1378 BC1337-1321 BC

1493- 1475 BC1462- 1305 BC

UB-6772 Charcoal from C246, stakehole between Houses A and B

3077 +/- 39 1407- 1313 BC 1432- 1260 BC1227- 1223 BC

UB-6773 Charcoal from C252, fill of hearth, House C

3057 +/- 38 1392- 1292 BC1277- 1273 BC

1419- 1253 BC1240- 1213 BC

UB-6774 Charcoal from C494, fill of structural slot trench, House B

3087 +/- 37 1412- 1369 BC1358- 1315 BC

1431- 1267 BC



18


The radio carbon dates show that the site was occupied over a timespan of, at most, slightly less than 300 years, between 1500 and 1200 BC, with considerable overlap between the dif-ferent features. While it would, perhaps, be wrong to assign too specific a date to individual features on the basis of radiocarbon determinations which cover a broad span, the dates do suggest a chronological progression from House A to House B to House C, with the stakehole cluster broadly contemporary with Houses B and C. This phasing, however, contradicts the stratigraphic evidence, which clearly indicates that House C is the earliest of the three.

Several pieces of stratigraphic evidence illustrate the relationship between the features. As can be seen in the mid-excavation plan in Fig. 6, C495, the slot trench for House B, clearly cuts C515, the trench for House C, showing that House C is the earlier of the two. Furthermore, numerous pieces of burnt clay were found in the fill of C495 around its northern side, close to C362. The latter was a hearth located near the centre of House C, and presumably belonging to it, and it is likely that material from the abandoned hearth became incorporated into C495 when House B was being built.

Table 3 Chart showing span of radiocarbon dates



19


5. Discussion & Interpretation

The site at Mitchelstown comprised of three Bronze Age houses, constructed in at least two phases. Each house was c. 10m in diameter and had an entrance facing east. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal samples from the site indicated a date range of c. 1490-1260 cal BC, placing them in the Middle Bronze Age. One notable feature of the houses was the internal division present in house A as a linear north-south slot trench with a posthole at each end, marking the location of an internal partition wall separating the area inside the entrance from the remainder of the house.

This types of internal division appear to segregate the space, creating a front/back dichotomy. It could also be argued that this type of arrangement divided the structure into a ‘public’ and ‘private’ area, while also controlling the path of movement through the structure (Parker Pearson and Richards 1994a, 42-47). These issues may also be related to the types of activi-ties undertaken within the structure and the associated necessity to create a front/public area and a rear/private area.

These types of structures and their spatial organisation have close parallels on other Irish sites. The Mitchelstown houses are similar in style and layout to houses of the same period excavated at Ballybrowney, Co. Cork (Cotter 2005). Structures B and C at Ballybrowney were somewhat smaller than the Mitchelstown houses, at c. 6m diameter, but also consisted of slot-trenches with a circle of internal post-holes, and with entrances defined by substantial post-holes and facing east. Excavations at Knocksaggart, Co. Clare produced evidence for two circular and one possible rectangular structures in close proximity (Hanley 2002, 32-3). One, Structure B, had a porch-like entrance to the south-east, similar to Structure D at Bal-lybrowney, and both Structures B and C at Knocksaggartt were internally partitioned by walls formed by single rows of stake-holes in a roughly north-north-east/south-south-west direction.

A site at Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford comprised a sub-circular enclosure (with an ap-proximate diameter of 36 m) which surrounded a round house and associated occupation remains (McQuade, 2004). The radiocarbon and pottery dates from the site indicate a period of relatively short-lived occupation at this site in the Middle Bronze Age (1500-1000 BC), in particular covering the period 1400-1133 BC. The building at Knockhouse Lower consisted of an arc of postholes and a line of stakeholes at the southeast.

Doody (2000) lists eighteen excavated houses dating to the Middle Bronze Age, of which thirteen were circular and five rectilinear, and notes a large range in the structural dimen-



20


sions of the excavated examples. Since the publication of Doody’s work several more house sites with Middle Bronze Age dates have been excavated, e.g. Kilmurry North, Co. Wicklow (Ó Néill 2003), Cultragh, Co. Sligo (MacDonagh 2005), and Knockdomny Co. Westmeath (Hull in preparation).

6 Conclusion

The site at Mitchelstown 1 was discovered during archaeological investigations along the route of the Mitchelstown Relief Road. The site comprised three houses constructed in at least two phases, one of the houses having been cut by the other two. The houses were approximately 10m in diameter and were roughly D-shaped in plan, with entrances centrally located on the straight side, facing east. One of the houses showed clear evidence of having had an inter-nal division in the form of a slot trench running between two structural postholes. The slot trench could have held a wattle wall separating the entrance area (approximately one-third of the floor area) from the remainder of the house.

Little evidence was found of the material culture or economy of the inhabitants of the Mitch-elstown houses. No pottery was recovered from the site and the few lithics were undiagnostic. The number of cereal grains recovered from the soil samples was too small to allow any in-terpretation of the economy or diet of the population. A striking aspect of the environmental material however was the large number of seeds of the Dock family. These are usually con-sidered to be weed seeds brought into houses inadvertently along with cereals. However, that is unlikely here, given the paucity of cereal grains on the site, and it may be that Dock seeds were deliberately gathered as a food source. Parallels for this have been found in Britain and Denmark where Dock seeds have been found in the gut contents of bog bodies.

The Mitchelstown houses have numerous parallels among the growing numbers of Middle Bronze Age houses now being discovered in recent Irish excavations and add to the expand-ing settlement pattern of the period.



21


7 Bibliography

Barry, T.B. 1987 The Archaeology of Medieval Ireland, Routledge, London and New York.

Buckley, V. 1990, ‘Experiments using a reconstructed fulacht with a variety of rock types: implications for the petro-morphology of fulachta fiadh’ in Buckley, V. (Ed.) Burnt Offerings: international contributions to Burnt Mound Archaeology, pp.170-172. Dublin.

Cotter, E. (2005) Bronze Age Ballybrowney County Cork in Recent Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes 2004 NRA.

Daly, A., Grogan, E. (1992) Excavation of Four Barrows in Mitchelstowndown West, Knocklong, County Limerick. Discovery Programme Reports 1 pp44-60. Royal Irish Academy.

Doody, M. (1995), ‘Ballyhoura Hills project’, Discovery Programme Reports 2, 12-44. Royal Irish Academy. Dublin.

Doody, M. (1999), ‘Ballyhoura Hills project’, Discovery Programme Reports 5, 97-110. Royal Irish Academy. Dublin.

Doody, M. 2000. ‘Bronze Age houses in Ireland’, in Desmond, A., Johnson, G., McCarthy, M., Sheehan, J. and Shee Twohig, E. New Agendas in Irish Prehistory. Bray, Wordwell.

Hanley, K 2002 ’AR85/86, Knocksaggart’, in I Bennett (ed.) Excavations 2000 - summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland, 32-3. Wordwell Ltd., Wicklow.

Hull, G. (in preparation). ‘Excavation of a Bronze Age Round House at Knockdomny, Co. Westmeath’, Submitted to The Journal of Irish Archaeology.

Kelly, M.J. (1989) Early Ireland An Introduction to Irish Prehistory. Cambridge University Press.

MacDonagh, M. 2005. ‘Valley bottom and hilltop; 6,000 years of settlement along the route of the N4 Sligo Inner Relief Road’, pp. 9-23 in O’Sullivan, J. and Stanley, M. (eds.) Recent Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes 2004. Dublin, NRA.

McQuade, M. In Preparation. Archaeological Excavation of Pre-historic settlement sites at Knockhouse Lower and Carrickpherish, Co. Waterford, Submitted to Decies.



22


Monk, M. 1995 A Tale of Two Ringforts Lisleagh I and II in Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society Vol.100 p105-116.

Nevill, W E 1974 Geology and Ireland. Allen Figgis, Dublin.

Nicholls, K. W. (1993) ‘The development of lordship in County Cork 1300-1600’, in Buttimer, C. G. and O Flanagan, P. (ed) Cork-History and Society, 157-212. Geography Publications. Dublin.

NRA Archaeological Discoveries N8 Watergrasshill Bypass.

NRA Archaeological Discoveries N8 Rathcormac Fermoy.

O’Brien, A. F., 1993, ‘Politics, Economy and Society : The development of Cork and the Irish south-coast region c.1170 to c.1583’, in O’Flanagan, P. and Buttimer, C. (ed) Cork-History and Society , 83-156. Geography Publications. Dublin.

Ó Néill, J. 2003. ‘Kilmurry North, Co. Wicklow (01E0572)’, in Bennet, I. (ed.) Excavations 2001. Bray, Wordwell.

Parker Pearson, M. and Richards, C. 1994a. ‘Architecture and Order: Spatial Representation and Archaeology’, in M Parker Pearson and C Richards (eds). Architecture and Order, Approaches to Social Space, 38-72. Routledge, London.

Power, D., Lane, S., and Byrne, E., Egan, U., Sleeman, M., with Cotter, E., Monk, J. (2000), Archaeological Inventory of County Cork, Volume 4: North Cork Parts I & II. Dublin.

Power B., 2000 White Knights, Dark Earls. The Collins Press. Cork.

Roche, H. and Grogan, E. 2005 The N8 Rathcormac-Fermoy Bypass. The Prehistoric Pottery. Unpublished Report for ACS Ltd.

Sleeman A. G. and McConnell, B (1995) Geology of East Cork-~Waterford, Geological Survey of Ireland.

Smith C., 1815 (2nd ed.) The ancient and present state of the county and city of Cork. Guy and Co. Ltd. Cork.

Waddell, J. (1998) The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland. GUP. Galway.



23


Woodman, P.C. (1989) ‘The mesolithic in Munster: a preliminary assessment’, in Bonsall, C (ed), The Mesolithic in Europe, 116-24. John Donald. Edinburgh.

Woodman, P.C. (2000) ‘Hammers and Shoeboxes: New Agendas for Prehistory’ in New Agendas in Irish Prehistory. Papers in commemoration of Liz Anderson. Wordwell, 1-10.

7.1 Other Sources

Record of Monuments and Places (RMP), Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, 7 Ely Place Upper, Dublin 2.

Topographical Files of the National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2.



24


8 Figures

Figure 1 Portion of Discovery Map showing route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road.

Bronze Age

Medieval

Post-medieval

Legend

04E1071Mitchelstown 2

04E1072Mitchelstown 1

04E1121 Stagpark 2

04E1120Stagpark 1

04E1119Spagpark 3



25


Figure 2 Portion of RMP sheets CO010 and CO019 showing route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road.



26


Figure 3 Portion of 1st edition OS maps sheets CO010 and CO019 showing Mitchelstown Demesne and the route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road.

Area A

Area B



27


Figure 4 Route of the N8 Mitchelstown Relief Road showing location of all archaeological sites.

0 5 m1 m

N

95,100

95,120

95,115

95,110

95,105

105,120

A

A1

B

B1

C

C1

D1

D

E E1

FF1

378399

482

418

422

482395

493

557

491

504

501

574

575

506

556

573

317

315

140

318

411

419

549

553

400

392

376

536

400

461461

383

381402

426

427

447

445438

509

422

379

579

405512

498

389

404

461

373

488

415

515

527

548

541

565

566

464

467

466

434

522

544

479

477

505 502

533432362

253

532

449

463

543

571

569

564

521

519

206

203

335

250

364

57286

6375

4047

57

31

7223 74

1837

20

21

130

158135173

577

46

8969

62

2642

413

30

60

38

55

25

34

35

127

129

45

56138

159

161

53

200

28

556

House A

House B

House C

Legend



28


Figure 5 Post excavation plan of Area A.

N107,108

107,105

0 50 cm50 cm

495

495

515

495

492

415

488

495

495

495

415



29


Figure 6 Mid- excavation plan showing slot trench for House B (beige) cutting slot trench for House C (blue).

N

A A1

A A1

0 1 m50 cm

#

# ##

# #

#

##

#

#

##

#

##

# 367

366

C.368

C.368



30


Figure 7 Post-excavation plan and section of isolated pit C.368 in Area B.

0 1 m50 cm

A

South Facing Sectionof cut 26 and fill 27

E E1

North Facing section of cut 53

South west facing sectionof cut 31 and fills 32 and 33

B B1

North facing section of cut 40and fills 41 and 44

C C1

South facing section of cut63 and fills 64 and 66

F F1

North west section of cut57

A1

26

27

33 31

32

41

44

40

64

6366

57

53



31


Figure 8 Cross sections through some of typical structural postholes on the site.

0mm 200mm

0mm 200mm

0mm 200mm



32


Figure 9 Illustration of quern stones 04E1072:1:6, 04E1072:387:13 and 04E1072:529:24.



33


Plate 2 Aerial view of Houses A, B and C from the west.

Plate 1 Aerial view of Houses A, B and C from the north.

9 Plates



34


Plate 4 Detail of C252 hearth House C.

Plate 3 Detail of slot trench for wall of House A.



35


Plate 6 View of quern stone 04E1072:387:13 (listed as 07 in quern stones plates of artefacts).




36


Plate 8 View of flint artefacts 04E1072:1:1, 04E1072:1:3, 04E1072:6:1, 04E1072:325:1 and 04E1072:450:1.




37


10 Appendix 1 Matrix

Please see accompanying CD-ROM for matrix.



38


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

1T

OPS

OIL

225

2530

,38

Silty

sand

. Fre

quen

t lar

ge a

nd m

ediu

m

stone

s. Fi

ll of

stru

ctur

al sl

ot

tren

chH

ouse

A3

Bulk

soil:

23,

26

, 42

Cha

r-co

al: 2

53

2893

97, 1

25G

ritty

silt.

Fre

quen

t med

ium

ston

es

and

occ.

bur

nt st

one

Fill

of in

tern

al sl

ot

tren

ch C

28H

ouse

A3

Bulk

soil:

12,

46

442

421

Dar

k br

own/

blac

k sil

t. O

cc. b

urnt

sto

ne a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Fill

of in

tern

al sl

ot

tren

ch C

42H

ouse

A3

Bulk

soil:

20

546

461

Dar

k br

own

silty

sand

. Fre

quen

t me-

dium

ston

es a

nd c

harc

oal f

leck

sBu

rt p

it fil

l with

in

Hou

se A

Hou

se A

2Bu

lk so

il: 2

1 C

harc

oal:

226

1819

37N

on-a

rcha

eolo

gica

lU

pper

fill

of g

eolo

gica

l sin

k ho

le.

1:fli

nt7

Num

ber c

ance

lled

813

013

01

Silty

sand

. Occ

med

ium

ston

es, f

re-

quen

t cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

nsBu

rnt p

it fil

l with

in

Hou

se A

Hou

se A

2

Bulk

soil:

50

Cha

rcoa

l: 5

1,

579,

10,

11

NO

N-A

RCH

AEO

LOG

ICA

L 12

2323

24da

rk b

row

n si

lt. p

acki

ng st

ones

at

sides

and

bas

e.Pa

ckin

g fil

l of s

truc

-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

1Bu

lk so

il: 4

13N

ON

-ARC

HA

EOLO

GIC

AL

1420

201

Dar

k br

own

sand

y sil

t with

pac

king

sto

nes;

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

nsFi

ll of

inte

rnal

dou

ble

post

hole

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il: 7

C

harc

oal:8

1545

451

Dar

k gr

ey/b

lack

silt

with

occ

.ston

es

and

char

coal

incl

usio

nsFi

ll of

stru

ctur

al

post

hole

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il:27

1635

351

Dar

k gr

ey/b

lack

, silt

with

occ

smal

l sto

nes a

nd fr

eque

nt c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Fill

of ir

regu

lar

(was

te?)

pit

Hou

se A

2Bu

lk so

il:18

C

harc

oal:

1, 2

1737

3618

Dar

k gr

ey/b

lack

, slig

htly

grit

ty si

lt w

ith fr

eque

nt c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

3

11

Appe

ndix

2 C

onte

xt R

egist

er



39


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

186,

19

1719

Non

-arc

haeo

logi

cal

Cut

of s

ink

hole

?19

1818

6N

on-a

rcha

eolo

gica

lLo

wer

fill

of si

nk

hole

?Bu

lk so

il/Bu

rnt b

one:

320

14N

at.

14Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.3m

x 0

.28m

x 0

.24m

de

ep, s

teep

side

s and

flat

bas

eC

ut o

f int

erna

l dou

-bl

e po

stho

leH

ouse

A1

2122

Nat

.22

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.2

m x

0.2

4m x

0.2

6m

deep

, ste

ep si

des a

nd c

onca

ve b

ase

Cut

of i

nter

nal d

ou-

ble

post

hole

Hou

se A

1

2221

211

Dar

k br

own/

grey

, san

dy si

lt w

ith fr

e-qu

ent c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Fill

of in

tern

al d

oubl

e po

stho

leH

ouse

A3

Bulk

soil:

9

Cha

rcoa

l: 10

2312

, 24

Nat

.12

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.2

8m x

0.3

2m x

0.3

9m

deep

, ste

ep si

des a

nd fl

at b

ase

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

A1

2423

121

Dar

k br

own,

grit

ty si

lt w

ith o

cc. c

har-

coal

incl

usio

nsU

pper

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

A3

Bulk

soil:

6

252

34, 3

63?

2C

urvi

ng sl

ot tr

ench

; 0.2

6m-o

.55m

w

ide,

max

. dep

th 0

.26m

, ste

ep si

des

and

sligh

tly c

onca

ve b

ase

Foun

datio

n slo

t tr

ench

for w

all o

f H

ouse

A.

Hou

se A

1

2627

Nat

.27

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.2

7m x

0.2

9m x

0.4

4m

deep

, ste

ep ir

regu

lar s

ides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e

Cut

of e

ntra

nce

post

hole

Hou

se A

1

2726

261

Mid

-bro

wn/

blac

k, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc.

pack

ing

stone

s at e

dges

and

freq

uent

ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

-esp

ecia

lly n

ear b

ase

Fill

of e

ntra

nce

post

hole

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

1

283,

93

Nat

.93

Line

ar sl

ot tr

ench

, 3.6

4m lo

ng x

0.2

4m

wid

e x

0.08

m d

eep,

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at

irreg

ular

bas

e

Foun

datio

n slo

t tr

ench

for i

nter

nal

divi

ding

wal

l

Hou

se A

1

2930

301

Mid

-bro

wn/

blac

k, sa

ndy

silt w

ith

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

nsFi

ll of

ent

ranc

e po

stho

leH

ouse

A3

Bulk

soil:

13

Cha

rcoa

l: 16

, 17

3029

229

Circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.28m

dia

met

er x

0.

44m

dee

p, st

eep

sides

and

con

cave

ba

se

Cut

of e

ntra

nce

post

hole

Hou

se A

1



40


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

3132

, 33

Nat

.33

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.3

6m x

0.4

1m x

0.4

1m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

flat

and

ir-

regu

lar b

ase.

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

le.

Hou

se A

3

3231

331

Dar

k br

own,

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. cha

r-co

al in

clus

ions

. 0.2

6m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

4 C

harc

oal:

1533

3131

32Si

lty c

lay

with

occ

. lar

ge p

acki

ng

stone

s and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

A1

34N

at.

25O

val c

ut, 1

m x

0.8

m. F

illed

with

dar

k br

own

silt.

Exca

vate

d to

0.5

m d

eep.

Cut

and

fill

of n

atu-

ral s

ink

hole

Hou

se A

?

3516

Nat

.16

Irre

gula

r ova

l pit,

1.2

m x

0.5

m x

0.1

6m

deep

, ste

ep si

des a

nd ir

regu

lar b

ase

Cut

of p

it fo

r bur

nt

was

te?

Hou

se A

2

3637

3717

Dar

k br

own,

sand

y cl

ay w

ith se

vera

l la

rge

pack

ing

stone

sPa

ckin

g fil

l of s

truc

-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

1

3717

, 36

Nat

.36

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.3

4m x

0.3

m x

0.2

6m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e C

ut o

f str

uctu

ral

post

hole

Hou

se A

1

3839

239

Ova

l, 0.

29m

x 0

.24m

x 0

.18m

dee

p,

stee

p sid

es a

nd sl

ight

ly c

onca

ve b

ase

Cut

of p

ossib

ly st

ruc-

tura

l pos

thol

e ne

ar

entr

ance

Hou

se A

1

3938

381

Ligh

t bla

ck/b

row

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc.

pack

ing

stone

s and

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

Fill

of p

ossib

ly st

ruc-

tura

l pos

thol

e ne

ar

entr

ance

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il:19

4041

, 44

Nat

.44

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.4

m x

0.3

6m x

0.3

5m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

flat

, irr

egul

ar

base

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

A1

4140

441

Mid

-gre

y/br

own,

sand

y sil

t with

occ

ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

and

sand

y cl

ay

patc

hes.

0.11

m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il:24

424

Nat

.4

Line

ar sl

ot tr

ench

, 2.4

m x

0.3

5m x

0.

08m

dee

p, v

ertic

al si

de to

wes

t, ge

n-tly

slop

ing

othe

rwise

and

flat

bas

e

Cut

of s

lot/f

ound

a-tio

n tr

ench

for p

os-

sible

thre

shol

d

Hou

se A

1

43ca

ncel

led



41


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

4440

4041

, 47

Mid

-bro

wn/

oran

ge, g

ritty

sand

y cl

ay

with

occ

. med

ium

pac

king

ston

e an

d oc

c. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.3

5m d

eep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

A1

4515

Nat

.15

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.

3m x

0.2

4m x

0.4

4m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e C

ut o

f str

uctu

ral

post

hole

Hou

se A

1

465

496

5Su

b-tr

iang

ular

pit,

1.2

m x

1.1

m x

0.

13m

dee

p, st

eep

nort

h sid

e, ir

regu

lar

othe

rwise

and

irre

gula

r bas

e

Cut

of i

rreg

ular

po

ssib

le p

it fo

r bur

nt

was

te?

Hou

se A

2

4748

4448

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.32m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

eC

ut o

f sup

port

stak

e-ho

le fo

r pos

thol

eH

ouse

A1

4847

471

Ligh

t bro

wn,

fine

silty

sand

with

occ

. pe

bble

s.Fi

ll of

supp

ort s

take

-ho

le fo

r pos

thol

eH

ouse

A3

49N

at.

1 or

25

?Li

ght g

rey/

blac

k, c

laye

y sil

t with

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

. 0.5

m x

0.1

1m x

0.

2m d

eep

Line

ar b

urnt

cha

rcoa

l sp

read

?H

ouse

A?

5053

511

Dar

k gr

ey/b

row

n, si

lty sa

nd w

ith o

cc.

smal

l sto

nes a

nd fr

eque

nt c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.35m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il: 2

8

5153

5350

Ligh

t bro

wn

clay

ey sa

nd w

ith se

vera

l la

rge

pack

ing

stone

s. 0.

35m

dee

pPa

ckin

g fil

l of s

truc

-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

1Bu

lk so

il: 2

9

5262

621

Dar

k br

own/

blac

k sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc.

med

ium

bur

nt st

ones

and

freq

uent

ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

. 0.2

1m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

with

in sl

ot tr

ench

25

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il: 3

0

5350

, 51

Nat

.51

Sub-

rect

angu

lar (

circ

ular

at b

ase)

, 0.

4m x

0.2

9m x

0.5

m d

eep,

ver

y st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

A1

5455

5512

5Bl

ack

silt w

ith o

cc.l

smal

l sto

nes a

nd

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. 0

.14m

de

ep

Fill

of ir

regu

lar p

os-

sible

pit

for b

urnt

w

aste

?

Hou

se A

2Bu

lk so

il: 3

1 C

harc

oal:

33



42


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

5554

Nat

.54

Irre

gula

r ova

l pit,

1.0

9m x

0.5

9m x

0.

14m

dee

p, st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

eC

ut o

f irr

egul

ar

poss

ible

pit

for b

urnt

w

aste

?

Hou

se A

2

56N

ON

-ARC

HA

EOLO

GIC

AL

Cha

rcoa

l: 32

5758

Nat

.58

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.

15m

x 0

.18m

x 0

.36m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

eC

ut o

f sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 4

0

Hou

se A

1

5857

571

Mid

-bro

wn

gritt

y, cl

ayey

sand

with

oc

c. sm

all p

ebbl

es. 0

.36m

dee

pFi

ll of

stak

ehol

e as

so-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 4

0

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il: 3

4

5960

6025

Blac

k/br

own

silt w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.07m

dee

pFi

ll of

stak

ehol

e pr

e-ce

ding

con

stru

ctio

n of

Hou

se A

Hou

se

A?

?Bu

lk so

il: 3

5

6059

Nat

.59

Ova

l 0.2

3m x

0.1

2m x

0.0

9m d

eep,

gr

adua

lly sl

opin

g sid

es, b

ut st

eepe

r at

NE

and

sligh

tly c

onca

ve b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

pre

-ce

ding

con

stru

ctio

n of

Hou

se A

Hou

se

A?

?

61N

ON

-ARC

HA

EOLO

GIC

AL

Hou

se A

1 &

2:

post-

me-

diev

al

pott

ery

sher

ds

Cha

rcoa

l :43

6252

252

Ova

l , 0

.16m

x 0

.11m

x 0

.21m

dee

p,

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

w

ithin

slot

tren

ch 2

5H

ouse

A1

6364

, 66

Nat

.66

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.4

m x

0.3

5m x

0.3

6m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e C

ut o

f str

uctu

ral

post

hole

Hou

se A

1

6463

631

Mid

-gre

y/br

own

clay

ey si

lt w

ith o

cc.

med

ium

ston

es a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.35m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il:38

65N

at.

1D

ark

grey

/bla

ck, s

ilty

clay

with

fre-

quen

t cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

Non

-arc

h.H

ouse

A?



43


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

6663

6364

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, mid

-bro

wn/

oran

ge, g

ritty

sand

y cl

ay w

ith se

vera

l la

rge

pack

ing

stone

s aro

und

the

edge

an

d oc

c. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.3

5m

deep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

A1

67N

o de

tails

Non

-arc

h.H

ouse

A68

6973

1M

id-b

lack

/bro

wn

silty

sand

with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s and

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.1

8m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

pos

sibly

st

ruct

ural

pos

thol

e in

slo

t tre

nch

25

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il:36

C

harc

oal:

37

6968

, 73

273

Ova

l, 0.

37m

x 0

.26m

x 0

.18m

dee

p,

very

stee

p sid

es a

nd sl

ight

ly c

onca

ve

base

Cut

of p

ossib

ly st

ruc-

tura

l pos

thol

e in

slot

tr

ench

25

Hou

se A

1

7072

711

Dar

k gr

ey/b

lack

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s and

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.1

6m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

inte

rnal

po

stho

leH

ouse

A3

Bulk

soil:

39

Cha

rcoa

l: 40

7172

7270

Ligh

t bro

w si

lty sa

nd w

ith se

vera

l pa

ckin

g sto

nes.

0.23

m d

eep

Pack

ing

fill o

f int

er-

nal p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

1

7270

,71

Nat

.71

Circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.3m

dia

met

er x

0.

23m

dee

p, v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at

base

Cut

of i

nter

nal

post

hole

Hou

se A

1

7369

6968

Mid

-gre

y/br

own/

oran

ge, s

ilty

sand

w

ith fr

eque

nt m

ediu

m p

acki

ng st

ones

at

the

edge

and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lu-

sions

. 0.1

8m d

eep

Pack

ing

fill o

f pos

-sib

ly st

ruct

ural

pos

t-ho

le in

slot

tren

ch 2

5

Hou

se A

1Bu

lk so

il:41

74N

at.

1O

val d

epos

it, 0

.3m

x 0

.2m

NW

/SE,

lig

ht b

row

n/re

d cl

ayBu

rnt c

lay

spre

ad/

patc

h-po

ssib

le h

eart

hH

ouse

A2

7576

, 77

Nat

.77

Circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.42m

x 0

.45m

x

0.37

m d

eep,

ver

y st

eep

sides

and

sli

ghtly

con

cave

and

irre

gula

r bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

C1



44


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

7675

771

Dar

k br

own,

fine

cla

yey

silt w

ith o

cc.

med

ium

ston

es a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.22m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se C

3Bu

lk so

il:45

7775

7576

, 78

Mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n, fi

ne c

laye

y sil

t w

ith fr

eque

nt m

ediu

m p

acki

ng st

ones

an

d oc

c. sm

all s

tone

s. 0.

37m

dee

p

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

C1

7879

7779

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

8m x

0.1

m x

0.2

3m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

eC

ut o

f sup

port

ing

stak

ehol

e fo

r pos

thol

e 75

Hou

se C

1

7978

781

Mid

-bro

wn

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. sm

all

pebb

les.

0.23

m d

eep

Fill

of su

ppor

ting

stak

ehol

e fo

r pos

thol

e 75

Hou

se C

3

80N

at.

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.05m

dia

m. x

0.1

m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. fr

agm

ents

of b

urnt

ston

e

Cut

and

fill

of h

abi-

tatio

n ph

ase

stak

e-ho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

poss

ible

hea

rth

74

Hou

se A

2Bu

lk so

il: 4

4

81N

at.

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.04m

-0.0

6m d

iam

. X

0.1m

dee

p, v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

oc

c. fr

agm

ents

of b

urnt

ston

e

Cut

and

fill

of h

abi-

tatio

n ph

ase

stak

e-ho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

poss

ible

hea

rth

74

Hou

se A

2

82N

at.

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.04m

-0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x

0.05

m-0

.1m

dee

p, v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd

poin

ted

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. fra

gmen

ts o

f bur

nt st

one

Cut

and

fill

of h

abi-

tatio

n ph

ase

stak

e-ho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

poss

ible

hea

rth

74

Hou

se A

2

83N

at.

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.04m

-0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x

0.05

m-0

.1m

dee

p, v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd

poin

ted

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. fra

gmen

ts o

f bur

nt st

one

Cut

and

fill

of h

abi-

tatio

n ph

ase

stak

e-ho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

poss

ible

hea

rth

74

Hou

se A

2



45


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

84N

at.

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.04m

-0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x

0.05

m-0

.1m

dee

p, v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd

poin

ted

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. fra

gmen

ts o

f bur

nt st

one

Cut

and

fill

of h

abi-

tatio

n ph

ase

stak

e-ho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

poss

ible

hea

rth

74

Hou

se A

2

8586

Nat

.1

Ligh

t ora

nge/

brow

n sa

ndy

silt w

ith

occ.

larg

e an

d m

ediu

m p

acki

ng st

ones

(m

ainl

y in

eas

t of f

ill).

0.3m

dee

p

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

C3

Bulk

soil:

47

8685

Nat

.85

Ova

l, 0.

4m x

0.3

5m x

0.3

m d

eep,

ver

y st

eep

sides

and

slig

htly

con

cave

bas

eC

ut o

f str

uctu

ral

post

hole

Hou

se C

1

8788

Nat

.88

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

2m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

eC

ut o

f sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 7

5

Hou

se C

1

8887

871

Mid

-bro

wn

fine

clay

ey si

lt w

ith v

ery

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns a

nd o

cc. t

iny

pebb

les.

0.12

m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

asso

-ci

ated

with

stru

ctur

al

post

hole

75

Hou

se C

3

8990

290

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

7m x

0.15

m x

0.1

2m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd c

onca

ve b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

in

slot t

renc

h 25

Hou

se A

1

9089

891

Mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd. 0

.12m

de

epFi

ll of

stak

ehol

e in

slo

t tre

nch

25H

ouse

A3

9192

Nat

.92

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.0

5m x

0.1

m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

eC

ut o

f sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 7

5

Hou

se C

1

9291

911

Mid

-bro

wn

fine

silty

sand

with

ver

y oc

c. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

and

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s. 0.

1m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

asso

-ci

ated

with

stru

ctur

al

post

hole

75

Hou

se C

3

9328

283

Dar

k gr

ey/b

row

n sil

ty c

lay

with

occ

. sm

all b

urnt

ston

es. 0

.05m

dee

pPa

ckin

g fil

l of i

nter

-na

l slo

t tre

nch

Hou

se A

1

9495

Nat

.95

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.12m

de

ep, v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

ass

o-ci

ated

with

stru

ctur

al

post

hole

75

Hou

se C

1



46


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

9594

941

Mid

-bro

wn

fine

clay

ey si

lt w

ith o

cc.

pebb

les a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.1

2m

deep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

asso

-ci

ated

with

stru

ctur

al

post

hole

75

Hou

se C

3Bu

lk so

il:49

9697

971

NO

N-A

RCH

AEO

LOG

ICA

LC

harc

oal:

4897

963

96N

ON

-ARC

HA

EOLO

GIC

AL

Non

-arc

h. P

roba

ble

rabb

it bu

rrow

at b

ase

of 2

8

Hou

se A

?

9899

Nat

.99

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.11m

de

ep, v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

ass

o-ci

ated

with

stru

ctur

al

post

hole

75

Hou

se C

1

9998

991

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s. 0.

11m

dee

pFi

ll of

stak

ehol

e as

so-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 7

5

Hou

se C

3

100

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.1

1m d

iam

eter

x 0

.275

m

deep

, ste

ep si

des a

nd b

lunt

poi

nted

ba

se. M

id-b

lack

/bro

wn,

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith in

tern

al d

oubl

e po

stho

le 2

0/21

Hou

se A

1

101

159

159

1N

o de

tails

Fill

of li

near

tren

ch

NE

of H

ouse

AH

ouse

A?

102

103

Nat

.10

3C

ircul

ar, 0

.07m

dia

met

er x

0.1

4m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

eC

ut o

f sta

keho

le, g

roup

A2

103

102

102

1D

ark

brow

n fin

e cl

ayey

silt

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s and

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

0.14

m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole,

gr

oup

A2

104

105

Nat

.10

5C

ircul

ar, 0

.06m

dia

met

er x

0.1

2m

deep

, ver

y st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

eC

ut o

f sta

keho

le, g

roup

A2

105

104

104

1M

id-o

rang

e/br

own,

grit

ty si

lty sa

nd,

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s. 0.

12m

dee

pFi

ll of

stak

ehol

e,

grou

p A

2

106

107

Nat

.10

7Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.08m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.11m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

eC

ut o

f sta

keho

le, g

roup

A2



47


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

107

106

106

1M

id-o

rang

e/br

own,

silty

sand

, with

oc

c. ti

ny p

ebbl

es. 0

.11m

dee

pFi

ll of

stak

ehol

e,

grou

p A

2

108

109

Nat

.10

9Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.05m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.11m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

eC

ut o

f sta

keho

le, g

roup

A2

109

108

108

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll, w

ith o

cc.

tiny

pebb

les.

0.11

m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole,

gr

oup

A2

110

No

deta

ilsN

on-a

rch.

111

No

deta

ilsN

on-a

rch.

112

113

Nat

.11

3C

ircul

ar, 0

.07m

dia

met

er x

0.15

m

deep

, ste

ep si

des a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

, gro

up A

2

113

112

112

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll, w

ith o

cc.

tiny

pebb

les.

0.15

m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole,

gr

oup

A2

114

115

Nat

.11

5Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.05m

x 0

.06m

x x

0.1

3m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

, gro

up A

2

115

114

114

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll, w

ith o

cc.

tiny

pebb

les a

nd v

ery

occ.

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.1

3m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole,

gr

oup

A2

Bulk

soil:

53

116

117

Nat

.11

7Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.12m

x 0

.15m

x x

0.2

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

, gro

up A

2

117

116

116

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll, w

ith o

cc.

tiny

pebb

les.

0.26

m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole,

gr

oup

A2

Bulk

soil:

56

118

119

Nat

.11

9C

ircul

ar, 0

.05m

dia

met

er x

0.0

9m

deep

, ste

ep si

des a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

, gro

up A

2

119

118

118

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll, w

ith o

cc.

tiny

pebb

les.

0.09

m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole,

gr

oup

A2

120

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

3m x

0.1

m x

0.2

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

D

ark

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. c

har-

coal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith in

tern

al d

oubl

e po

stho

le 2

0/21

Hou

se A

2



48


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

121

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

9m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

2m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

D

ark

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. c

har-

coal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith in

tern

al d

oubl

e po

stho

le 2

0/21

Hou

se A

2C

harc

oal:

52

122

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.13m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Dar

k br

own,

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. cha

r-co

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith in

tern

al d

oubl

e po

stho

le 2

0/21

Hou

se A

2

123

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.1m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Dar

k br

own,

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. cha

r-co

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith in

tern

al d

oubl

e po

stho

le 2

0/21

Hou

se A

2

124

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

8m x

0.0

6m x

0.1

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

D

ark

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. c

har-

coal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith in

tern

al d

oubl

e po

stho

le 2

0/21

Hou

se A

2

125

3, 5

4,

126

12.

2m x

0.3

m S

E/N

W x

0.0

4m d

eep

with

gra

dual

ly sl

opin

g sid

es a

nd fl

at

base

. Lig

ht b

row

n sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc.

stone

s

Line

ar (p

ossib

le

furr

ow) d

epos

it ov

er-ly

ing

stru

ctur

al

post

hole

127

Hou

se A

?

126

127

127

125

Ligh

t bro

wn

silty

cla

y Fi

ll of

stru

ctur

al

post

hole

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il:54

127

126

Nat

.12

6O

val,

0.34

m x

0.4

m x

0.4

7m d

eep

with

ve

ry st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e slo

ping

do

wn

to th

e N

E. D

ark

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

A1

128

129

129

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll, w

ith o

cc.

med

ium

, fre

quen

t sm

all a

nd 1

larg

e sto

ne .

0.24

m d

eep

Fill

of ra

bbit

burr

ow?

Link

ed to

rabb

it bu

r-ro

w 9

7

NO

N-A

RCH

AEO

LOG

ICA

LBu

lk so

il: 5

5

129

128

Nat

.12

8Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.66m

x 0

.5m

x 0

.24m

, st

eep

sides

and

irre

gula

r bas

eC

ut o

f rab

bit b

urro

w?

Link

ed to

rabb

it bu

r-ro

w 9

7

NO

N-A

RCH

AEO

LOG

ICA

L



49


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

130

8N

at. o

r 2?

8Ir

regu

lar o

val p

it, 0

.85m

x 0

.6m

x

0.2m

dee

p, g

ently

slop

ing

sides

and

irr

egul

ar b

ase

Cut

of i

rreg

ular

pit

for b

urnt

was

te?

Hou

se A

2

131

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

7m x

0.0

8m x

0.1

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll.

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

M a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

35

Hou

se A

1

132

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

9m x

0.1

1m x

0.1

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

, gro

up B

Hou

se A

2

133

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

2m x

0.0

9m x

0.2

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll.

Cut

fill

of st

akeh

ole,

gr

oup

BH

ouse

A2

Bulk

soil:

59

134

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

9m d

iam

eter

x 0

.18m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll.

Cut

fill

of st

akeh

ole,

gr

oup

BH

ouse

A2

135

136,

16

0N

at.

160

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.4

8m x

0.3

8m x

0.4

m

deep

with

ver

y st

eep

sides

and

flat

but

irr

egul

ar b

ase.

Dar

k br

own,

sand

y sil

t fil

l with

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

A1

136

135

160

1D

ark

brow

n fin

e sa

ndy

clay

, with

occ

. sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m st

ones

and

2 la

rge

flat s

tone

s and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

0.23

m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il: 6

5

137

138

138

1N

o de

tails

Non

-arc

hH

ouse

A?

Bulk

soil:

58

138

137

Nat

.13

7N

o de

tails

Non

-arc

hH

ouse

A?

139

140

156

1M

id-b

lack

/bro

wn

sand

y sil

t, w

ith fr

e-qu

ent c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.2

5m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

140

at n

orth

end

of s

lot

tren

ch 2

8

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il:60



50


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

140

139,

15

6N

at.

156

Circ

ular

, 0.4

1m d

iam

eter

x 0

.24m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

step

ped

base

-de

epes

t whe

re fi

ll 13

9 sto

od in

sect

ion.

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

le 1

40 a

t nor

th

end

of sl

ot tr

ench

28

Hou

se A

1

141

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.15m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

C a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

73

Hou

se C

1

142

143

1C

ircul

ar, 0

.06m

dia

met

er x

0.1

3m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

tiny

pebb

les

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

C

asso

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruc-

tura

l pos

thol

e 17

3

Hou

se C

1 or

2

143

Nat

.14

2Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.08m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.08m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

irre

gula

r ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith

occ.

tiny

peb

bles

and

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

C

asso

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruc-

tura

l pos

thol

e 17

3

Hou

se C

1

144

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

9m d

iam

eter

x 0

.2m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. t

iny

pebb

les a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

M a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

35

Hou

se A

1Bu

lk so

il:61

145

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

/irre

gula

r, 0.

08m

x 0

.05m

x

0.1m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

po

inte

d ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. t

iny

pebb

les

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

C a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

73

Hou

se C

1

146

Nat

.1

Rec

tang

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.4

5m x

0.1

85m

de

ep w

ith v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill.

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

C a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

73

Hou

se C

1

147

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

9m x

0.0

8m x

0.1

9m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll.

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

C a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

73

Hou

se C

1



51


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

148

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

55m

x 0

.09m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll.

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

C a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

73

Hou

se C

1

149

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

5m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

8m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

tiny

pebb

les.

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

M a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

35

Hou

se A

1

150

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.25m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s.

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

M a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

35

Hou

se A

1

151

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

9m d

iam

eter

x 0

.2m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up D

as

soci

ated

with

pit

130

Hou

se A

or

C2?

152

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll.

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up D

as

soci

ated

with

pit

130

Hou

se A

or

C2?

153

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

9m d

iam

eter

x 0

.2m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up D

as

soci

ated

with

pit

130

Hou

se A

or

C2?

154

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.18m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up D

as

soci

ated

with

pit

130

Hou

se A

or

C2?

155

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.11m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up D

as

soci

ated

with

pit

130

Hou

se A

or

C2?



52


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

156

140

140

139

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n, si

lty sa

nd, w

ith 8

med

ium

(p

acki

ng) s

tone

s and

freq

uent

smal

l sto

nes .

0.2

3m d

eep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

A

1Bu

lk so

il:62

157

158

158

1M

id-o

rang

e/br

own

silty

sand

with

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

. 0.3

2mFi

ll of

stak

ehol

e in

(p

ossib

le h

abita

tion?

) gr

oup

E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

Bulk

soil:

63

158

Ova

l, 0.

13m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.06m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Cut

of s

take

hole

in

(pos

sible

hab

itatio

n?)

grou

p E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

159

Nat

.1

Line

ar, 6

.5m

x 0

.5m

x 0

.06m

dee

p,

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

Sof

t, lig

ht

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. s

tone

s

Cut

and

fill

of p

rob-

able

furr

ow N

E of

H

ouse

A

Hou

se A

?

160

135

135

136,

17

6M

id-y

ello

w/b

row

n, g

ritty

silty

sand

, w

ith o

cc. l

arge

(pac

king

) sto

nes a

nd

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns .

0.4m

dee

p

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

A

18:

split

pac

king

ston

e/s

161

Nat

.1

Irre

gula

r tria

ngul

ar p

it, 0

.9m

x 0

.58m

x

0.38

m d

eep,

gen

tly sl

opin

g sid

es b

ut

vert

ical

at N

E fla

t bas

e. S

oft,

light

br

own,

sand

y cl

ay si

lt fil

l with

occ

. bu

rnt w

ood

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of ir

-re

gula

r pit

with

bur

nt

woo

d fil

l?

Hou

se A

?

Bulk

soil:

64,

66

162

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.19m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

blu

nt/ro

unde

d po

int b

ase.

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

Bulk

soil:

67

163

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

1m x

0.0

8m x

0.2

2m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Mid

-br

own

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. peb

bles

an

d ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

Bulk

soil:

68

164

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.19m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?



53


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

165

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

blu

nt p

oint

ed

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

166

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.1m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

167

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

(slig

htly

und

ercu

t) an

d ro

unde

d po

int b

ase.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

168

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

9m x

0.0

85m

x 0

.18m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

Bulk

soil:

69

169

Nat

.1

Sub-

rect

angu

lar,

0.11

m x

0.7

5m x

0.

17m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd fl

at

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

oc

c. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

170

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

7m x

0.0

6m x

0.1

7m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

char

coal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

171

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.13m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up E

Hou

se A

or

C2?

172

173

174

1D

ark

brow

n, fi

ne, c

laye

y sil

t with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s and

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

0.21

m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se C

3Bu

lk so

il: 7

0

173

172,

17

4N

at.

174

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.4m

x 0

.3m

x

0.24

m d

eep

with

ver

y st

eep

sides

and

fla

t but

irre

gula

r bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

C1



54


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

174

173

173

172

Mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n, g

ritty

silty

sand

, w

ith se

vera

l med

ium

(pac

king

) sto

nes,

occ.

smal

l sto

nes a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

-sio

ns,

0.24

m d

eep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

C1

175

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.12m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up D

as

soci

ated

with

pit

130

Hou

se A

or

C2?

176

160

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.07m

dia

met

er x

0.1

9m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d po

int b

ase.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

M a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

35

Hou

se A

1

177

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith

occ.

tiny

peb

bles

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up D

as

soci

ated

with

pit

130

Hou

se A

or

C2?

178

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.1m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d po

int b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

M a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

35

Hou

se A

1

179

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.18m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

M a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

35

Hou

se A

1

180

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

5m x

0.0

4m x

0.0

8m

deep

with

ver

y st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

C a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

73

Hou

se C

1

181

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

3m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

tiny

pebb

les

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

C a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

73

Hou

se C

1



55


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

182

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

7m x

0.0

9m x

0.1

1m

deep

with

ver

y st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith

occ.

tiny

peb

bles

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

C a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

73

Hou

se C

1

183

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

9m d

iam

eter

x 0

.13m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

in g

roup

C a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le 1

73

Hou

se C

1

184

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.16m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2

185

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

12m

x 0

.09m

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

and

step

ped

sides

and

po

inte

d ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2Bu

lk so

il: 7

1

186

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

17m

x 0

.13m

x 0

.15m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2

187

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

9m d

iam

eter

x 0

.18m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2

188

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.12m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2

189

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

8m x

0.0

9m x

0.1

95m

de

ep w

ith v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

oc

c. ti

ny p

ebbl

es

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2Bu

lk so

il: 7

2

190

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

75m

dia

met

er x

0.1

8m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sa

ndy

silt f

ill w

ith o

cc.

char

coal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2



56


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

191

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

4m x

0.0

45m

x 0

.09m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

sand

y sil

t fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2

192

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.15m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2

193

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

75m

x 0

.055

m x

0.

125m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

po

inte

d ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sa

ndy

silt f

ill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2

194

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

075m

x 0

.1m

x 0

.2m

dee

p w

ith

stee

p an

d st

eppe

d sid

es a

nd ir

regu

lar

poin

ted

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2

195

Nat

.1

Sub-

rect

angu

lar s

take

hole

, 0.0

7m x

0.

11m

x 0

.175

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es

and

poin

ted

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2Bu

lk so

il: 7

4

196

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

7m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2

197

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

05m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

and

step

ped

sides

and

ro

unde

d po

int b

ase.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2Bu

lk so

il: 7

5

198

Nat

.1

Sub-

rect

angu

lar s

take

hole

, 0.0

85m

x

0.09

5m x

0.2

6m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es

and

blun

t bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up F

Hou

se C

2



57


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

199

Nat

.1

Irre

gula

r ova

l pit,

0.9

m x

0.5

5m x

0.

1m d

eep,

gra

dual

ly sl

opin

g sid

es a

nd

irreg

ular

bas

e. D

ark

grey

/bla

ck sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. s

tone

s and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of ir

-re

gula

r pit

for b

urnt

w

aste

?

Hou

se A

or

C2

200

201,

20

2N

at.

202

Irre

gula

r sub

-circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.54m

x

0.38

m x

0.3

8m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es

and

irreg

ular

bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

A

1

201

200

202

1D

ark

brow

n, fi

ne c

laye

y sil

t, w

ith o

cc.

smal

l sto

nes,

1 m

ediu

m st

one,

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

and

a c

harc

oal c

on-

cent

ratio

n ne

ar th

e su

rfac

e. 0

.1m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se A

3

Bulk

soil:

73

202

200

200

201

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n, g

ritty

sand

y cl

ay, w

ith se

vera

l m

ediu

m st

ones

. 0.

38m

dee

p

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

A

1

203

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.21m

dia

met

er x

0.

26m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

bas

e th

at sl

opes

to th

e N

E. D

ark

grey

/bla

ck

sand

y sil

t with

freq

uent

smal

l sto

nes

and

frag

men

ts o

f hea

t sha

tter

ed st

one

and

seve

ral p

acki

ng st

ones

lini

ng th

e ed

ge o

f the

cut

Cut

and

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

C1

204

Nat

.1

No

deta

ilsC

ut a

nd fi

ll of

stak

e-ho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

stru

ctur

al p

osth

ole

203

or p

it 19

9

Hou

se C

?1

205

Nat

.1

No

deta

ilsC

ut a

nd fi

ll of

stak

e-ho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

stru

ctur

al p

osth

ole

203

or p

it 19

9

Hou

se C

?1

206

580,

58

1N

at.

581

Ova

l, 0.

29m

x 0

.21

x 0.

22m

dee

p.C

ut o

f str

uctu

ral

post

hole

Hou

se C

1



58


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

207

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.17m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

208

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

05m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.1m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

and

step

ped

sides

and

bas

e in

clin

ed fr

om E

to W

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

209

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.07m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

210

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.2m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. Unc

lear

st

ratig

raph

y w

ith 2

11

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in (p

ossib

le

habi

tatio

n?) g

roup

G

Hou

se C

2?

211

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.21m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s and

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

Unc

lear

stra

tigra

phy

with

210

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in (p

ossib

le

habi

tatio

n?) g

roup

G

Hou

se C

2?

212

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.09m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se in

clin

ed fr

om N

to S

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

213

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.18m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

214

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.05m

x 0

.12m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

flat

bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. t

iny

pebb

les

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?



59


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

215

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

216

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.08m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

217

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.16m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 7

6

218

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.11m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

219

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.1m

dee

p w

ith

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

220

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.07m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

ne st

one

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

221

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.18m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e in

clin

ed N

E to

SW

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 7

7

222

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.07m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

223

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.08m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?



60


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

224

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.14m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

225

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

7m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

8m

deep

with

stee

p an

d sli

ghtly

und

er-c

ut

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

226

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

95m

x 0

.1m

x 0

.12m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

irre

gula

r po

inte

d ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

227

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

9m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

85m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

228

Nat

.1

Irre

gula

r Sub

-circ

ular

, 0.1

1m x

0.1

3m

x 0.

17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

ir-

regu

lar p

oint

ed b

ase.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. U

ncle

ar st

ratig

raph

y w

ith 2

29

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in (p

ossib

le

habi

tatio

n?) g

roup

G

Hou

se C

2?

229

Nat

.1

Irre

gula

r Sub

-circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.0

55m

x

0.12

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ir

-re

gula

r poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty

sand

fill

with

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

Unc

lear

stra

tigra

phy

with

228

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in (p

ossib

le

habi

tatio

n?) g

roup

G

Hou

se C

2?

230

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

75m

x 0

.08m

x

0.15

5m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd

roun

ded

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fil

l with

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 7

8

231

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.1

m d

iam

eter

x 0

.19m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se in

clin

ed S

W to

NE.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?



61


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

232

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.1

m d

iam

eter

x 0

.07m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

233

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

75m

dia

met

er x

0.1

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ir

regu

lar f

lat

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

234

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.12m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

235

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

08m

x 0

.1m

x 0

.085

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

Mid

-br

own

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

236

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

1m x

0.0

8m x

0.1

7m d

eep

with

st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

237

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se in

clin

ed N

E to

SW

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

238

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.12m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

239

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

1m x

0.0

9m x

0.1

7m d

eep

with

st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

240

??

No

deta

ilsFi

ll of

slot

tren

ch in

H

ouse

BH

ouse

C?

241

Nat

.1

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n, g

ritty

, slig

htly

silty

sand

, with

fr

eque

nt sm

all s

tone

s. 1.

8m x

0.7

m x

0.

1m d

eep

Red

epos

ited

natu

ral

bank

on

wes

tern

edg

e of

line

ar sl

ot/fo

unda

-tio

n tr

ench

42

Hou

se C

1?



62


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

242

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.1

m d

iam

eter

x 0

.14m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se in

clin

ed N

W to

SE.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

243

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.16m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

244

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

085m

x 0

.1m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

245

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.05m

x 0

.14m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?

246

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.27m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. S

trat

igra

phy

uncl

ear w

ith 2

47, 2

48

Cut

and

fill

of w

est

sect

ion

of tr

iple

st

akeh

ole

in (p

ossib

le

habi

tatio

n?) g

roup

G

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il; 7

9

247

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.13m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill.

Str

atig

raph

y un

clea

r with

246

, 248

Cut

and

fill

of so

uth-

ern

sect

ion

of tr

iple

st

akeh

ole

in (p

ossib

le

habi

tatio

n?) g

roup

G

Hou

se C

2?

248

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

3m d

iam

eter

x 0

.16m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e in

clin

ed W

to E

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. St

ratig

raph

y un

clea

r with

246

, 247

Cut

and

fill

of e

ast

sect

ion

of tr

iple

st

akeh

ole

in (p

ossib

le

habi

tatio

n?) g

roup

G

Hou

se C

2?

249

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.09m

x 0

.14m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e in

clin

ed S

W to

NE.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se C

2?



63


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

250

Nat

.1

Rec

tang

ular

, pit,

1.1

6m x

0.5

6m x

0.

12m

dee

p w

ith g

radu

ally

slop

ing

sides

, exc

ept s

teep

on

the

wes

t sid

e,

and

irreg

ular

con

cave

bas

e. S

oft,

grey

/bl

ack

sand

y sil

t occ

. pie

ces o

f red

epos

-ite

d na

tura

l and

bur

nt st

ones

and

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

Irre

gula

r rec

tang

ular

pi

t?H

ouse

C

?2?

251

241

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.15m

x 0

.14m

x 0

.24m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

fine,

silty

sand

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s

Cut

and

fill

of st

akeh

ole

poss

ibly

as

soci

ated

with

ent

ranc

e?1

or 2

252

362

362

253

Sub-

circ

ular

spre

ad,1

.4m

x 1

.6m

x

0.14

m. S

oft,

red,

bur

nt sa

ndy

clay

with

oc

c. sm

all s

tone

s.

Dep

osit

burn

t m

ater

ial-p

ossib

le

hear

th?

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 8

0

253

252

1Su

b-re

ctan

gula

r (al

mos

t tria

ngul

ar a

t ba

se) p

osth

ole,

0.4

3m x

0.3

m x

0.3

m

deep

with

ver

y st

eep

sides

(ste

pped

at

NE

side)

and

con

cave

bas

e

Poss

ible

pos

thol

e as

-so

ciat

ed w

ith p

ossib

le

hear

th 2

52

Hou

se B

or

C?

2?Bu

lk so

il: 8

6 C

harc

oal:

81

254

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se B

or

C?

2?C

harc

oal:

82

255

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.09m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

slig

htly

co

ncav

e ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. t

iny

pebb

les

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

256

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.11m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se in

clin

ed S

W to

NE.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

257

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

09m

x 0

.13m

x 0

.15m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?



64


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

258

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.2m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

in-

clin

ed S

W to

NE.

Loo

se, b

lack

/bro

wn

silty

sand

with

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 8

3

259

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

65m

dia

met

er x

0.1

3m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d po

int b

ase.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

260

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

09m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.09m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

261

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

05m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.14m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith

occ.

tiny

peb

bles

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

262

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

1m x

0.1

2m x

0.1

9m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

Mid

-br

own

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

263

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

1m x

0.0

8m S

E/N

W x

0.1

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

264

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

1m x

0.0

7m S

E/N

W x

0.1

m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

265

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.06m

SE/

NW

x

0.07

5m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

266

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?



65


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

267

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.1m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

268

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

25m

x 0

.13m

x 0

.14m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

con

cave

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

fine,

silty

sand

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il :8

4

269

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.05m

SE/

NW

x 0

.12m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

270

Nat

.1

Irre

gula

r Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x

0.13

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e. L

oose

, bla

ck/

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 8

5

271

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

1m x

0.0

6m x

0.1

4m d

eep

with

st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

272

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.07m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

273

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.08m

SE/

NW

x 0

.12m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

274

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se in

clin

ed E

to W

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up H

Hou

se C

2?

275

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?



66


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

276

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

277

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

278

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

279

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

280

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

281

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

282

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

283

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

284

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

285

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?



67


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

286

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

287

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

288

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

289

252

1N

o de

tails

Stak

ehol

e as

soci

ated

w

ith p

ossib

le h

eart

h 25

2

Hou

se

C?

2?

290

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.13m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

291

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.15m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

292

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

8m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

293

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.16m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

294

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

m x

0.0

9m x

0.1

8m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2



68


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

295

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.1

1m d

iam

eter

x 0

.2m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

296

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.16m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

297

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.14m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

298

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.0

7m x

0.15

m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

299

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.08m

SE/

NW

x 0

.13m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

300

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

8m x

0.0

6m x

0.1

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

301

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

8m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

302

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

1m x

0.1

m x

0.2

1m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-g

rey/

brow

n sil

ty c

lay

with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2



69


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

303

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

7m x

0.0

6m x

0.1

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

304

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

m x

0.0

8m x

0.1

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

char

coal

incl

usio

ns. S

trat

igra

phy

of

304/

305

is un

clea

r

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

I a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

entr

ance

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2Bu

lk so

il: 8

7

305

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

7m x

0.0

8m x

0.1

2m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll. S

trat

igra

phy

of 3

04/3

05 is

unc

lear

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

I a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

entr

ance

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

306

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.19m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill.

Str

atig

raph

y of

306

/307

is u

ncle

ar

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

I a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

entr

ance

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

307

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.14m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill.

Str

atig

raph

y of

306

/307

is u

ncle

ar

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

I a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

entr

ance

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

308

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.1

m d

iam

eter

x 0

.21m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

309

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

9m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2



70


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

310

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

9m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

3m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

311

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

4m x

0.1

1m x

0.15

m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

312

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.14m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

313

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

12m

x 0

.09m

x 0

.2m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

314

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

09m

x 0

.12m

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

315

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

14m

x 0

.19m

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

(irr

egul

ar a

t nor

th

edge

) and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll. S

trat

igra

phy

of 3

15/3

16

is un

clea

r

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

I a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

entr

ance

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

316

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

09m

x 0

.11m

x 0

.29m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll. S

trat

igra

phy

of

315/

316

is un

clea

r

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

I a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

entr

ance

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2



71


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

317

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.2

2m x

0.1

7m x

0.3

7m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es (s

hallo

wer

to th

e ea

st e

dge)

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

I ass

ocia

ted

with

en

tran

ce

Hou

se A

?1 o

r 2

318

319

Nat

.31

9C

ircul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.2

2m x

0.2

m x

0.

24m

dee

p w

ith v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd

irreg

ular

bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith e

ntra

nce

Hou

se A

1

319

318

319

1M

id-b

row

n fin

e, si

lty sa

nd w

ith

freq

uent

smal

l and

med

ium

(pac

king

) sto

nes a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith e

ntra

nce

Hou

se A

3Bu

lk so

il:10

7

320

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

0m x

0.1

1m x

0.2

3m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

321

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.12m

dia

met

er x

0.

24m

dee

p w

ith v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd

poin

ted

base

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

322

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

1m x

0.1

0m x

0.1

2m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

323

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

075m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.155m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

324

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

065m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.12m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

325

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.0

55m

x 0

.13m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?1:

flin

t fla

keBu

lk so

il: 8

8

326

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.0

45m

x 0

.1m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?



72


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

327

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

2m x

0.1

3m x

0.1

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d ba

se. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

328

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.15

m x

0.1

3m x

0.1

3m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?C

harc

oal:

89

329

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

115m

x 0

.13m

x 0

.115

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

Mid

-br

own

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

330

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

08m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.16m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

331

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

332

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m x

0.0

6m x

0.0

6m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

Mid

-br

own

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

333

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

1m x

0.0

85m

x 0

.27m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

334

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

8m x

0.0

8m x

0.1

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up J

Hou

se C

2?

335

336

Nat

.33

6Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.2

m x

0.2

2m

x 0.

19m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

irr

egul

ar, f

lat b

ase.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

of i

nter

nal/c

en-

tral

pos

thol

e w

ithin

st

akeh

ole

grou

p J

Hou

se C

2?

336

335

335

1M

id-b

row

n/or

ange

, silt

y sa

nd w

ith

occ.

smal

l and

med

ium

(pac

king

?) sto

nes a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Fill

of in

tern

al/c

en-

tral

pos

thol

e w

ithin

st

akeh

ole

grou

p J

Hou

se C

2?



73


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

337

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.15m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Loo

se, b

lack

/bro

wn

silty

sand

w

ith o

cc. t

iny

pebb

les a

nd c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 9

1

338

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

065m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.18m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

339

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.05m

x 0

.1m

dee

p w

ith

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Mid

-br

own

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

340

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

08m

x 0

.14m

x 0

.15m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

(ste

pped

at S

E ed

ge)

and

poin

ted

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. t

iny

pebb

les a

nd

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

341

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.12m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Lo

ose,

bla

ck/b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd w

ith

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 9

2

342

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

05m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.14m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. t

iny

pebb

le in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

343

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.06m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Lig

ht b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

344

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

08m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.18m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc. t

iny

pebb

les a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 9

3



74


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

345

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

346

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.19m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Lo

ose,

bla

ck/b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd w

ith

occ.

tiny

peb

bles

and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

347

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.045

m x

0.1

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

Mid

-br

own

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. tin

y pe

bble

s and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

348

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

45m

dia

met

er x

0.1

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d ba

se. L

ight

bro

wn

silty

sand

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

349

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.1m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Li

ght b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd w

ith o

cc. p

ebbl

e in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

350

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.17m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Li

ght b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

351

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

75m

dia

met

er x

0.1

1m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d ba

se

incl

ined

sout

h to

nor

th. L

ight

bro

wn

silty

sand

with

occ

. peb

ble

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

352

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.05m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Li

ght b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd w

ith o

cc. t

iny

pebb

le in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?



75


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

353

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.15m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Li

ght b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

354

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

7m d

iam

eter

x 0

.12m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

pebb

les a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 9

4

355

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

08m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.14m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Ligh

t bro

wn

silty

sand

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

356

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

6m d

iam

eter

x 0

.1m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Ligh

t bro

wn

silty

sand

with

occ

. peb

ble

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

357

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

08m

x 0

.05m

x 0

.09m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e. L

ight

br

own

silty

sand

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

358

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.085

m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d ba

se. L

ight

bro

wn

silty

sand

with

occ

. pe

bble

s and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

359

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

05m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.095

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d ba

se.

Ligh

t bro

wn

silty

sand

with

occ

. peb

-bl

es a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?Bu

lk so

il: 9

5

360

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

08m

x 0

.05m

x 0

.09m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

e. L

ight

br

own

silty

sand

with

occ

. peb

ble

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?

361

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.12m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up K

Hou

se C

2?



76


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

362

252

Nat

.25

2O

val p

it, 2

.26m

x 1

.25m

x 0

.15m

dee

p w

ith g

radu

ally

slop

ing

sides

and

flat

ba

se

Pit c

ut- p

ossib

le

hear

thH

ouse

B

or C

?2?

363

364

365

25???

Loos

e, b

lack

/bro

wn

silty

sand

with

2

larg

e sto

nes a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

-sio

ns. 0

.28m

dee

p.

Upp

er fi

ll of

inte

rnal

st

ruct

ural

pos

thol

eH

ouse

C3

Bulk

soil:

90

364

363,

36

5N

at.

365

Ova

l, 0.

31m

x 0

.55m

x 0

.28m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

con

cave

bas

eC

ut o

f int

erna

l str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

C1

365

364

364

363

Mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd w

ith

12 m

ediu

m p

acki

ng st

ones

in 3

tier

s. 0.

33m

dee

p.

Pack

ing

fill o

f in

tern

al st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le

Hou

se C

1Bu

lk so

il: 9

6

366

368

367

1Fi

rm, b

lack

/bro

wn

clay

ey, o

cc. p

atch

es

of sc

orch

ed e

arth

(not

bur

nt c

lay)

and

fr

eque

nt la

rge

char

coal

pie

ces.

0.16

m

deep

. No

evid

ence

of i

n sit

u bu

rnin

g

Upp

er fi

ll of

larg

e pi

tA

rea

B2

Bulk

soil:

97

Cha

rcoa

l: 98

367

368

368

367

Firm

, mot

tled,

whi

te/b

row

n cl

ayey

sil

t with

, occ

. pat

ches

of s

corc

hed

eart

h (n

ot b

urnt

cla

y) a

nd fr

eque

nt

larg

e ch

arco

al p

iece

s. 0.

14m

dee

p. N

o ev

iden

ce o

f in

situ

burn

ing

Basa

l fill

of l

arge

pit

Are

a B

2C

harc

oal:

98

368

366,

36

7N

at.

367

Circ

ular

pit,

1.15

m x

1.15

m x

0.3

m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

t sou

th a

nd e

ast,

vert

ical

at n

orth

and

wes

t, an

d fla

t bas

e

Isol

ated

larg

e pi

t cu

t-pos

sible

cha

rcoa

l pr

oduc

tion

pit

Are

a B

1

369

370

370

1Fi

rm, b

row

n cl

ayey

silt

with

occ

. sm

all

stone

s and

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. 0

.05m

de

ep

Fill

of sh

allo

w p

it ea

st o

f Hou

se B

Hou

se B

??

Cha

rcoa

l: 99

370

369

Nat

.36

9O

val,

orie

ntat

ed p

it, 0

.39m

x 0

.28m

x

0.09

m d

eep

with

gra

dual

ly sl

opin

g sid

es a

nd c

onca

ve b

ase

Cut

of s

hallo

w p

it ea

st o

f Hou

se B

Hou

se B

??



77


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

371

373

372

461

Loos

e, b

lack

, san

dy si

lt w

ith o

cc.

stone

s and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

0.35

m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

, S

side

of

entr

ance

312

: m

oder

n fr

ag-

men

t of

foil

Bulk

soil:

100

372

373

373

371

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, lig

ht b

row

n,

sand

y cl

ay w

ith fr

eque

nt la

rge

pack

ing

stone

s. 0.

4m d

eep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uctu

ral p

osth

ole

1

373

371,

37

2N

at.

372

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.7m

x 0

.6m

x

0.4m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

ba

se

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

le1

374

376

375

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty c

lay

with

occ

. me-

dium

ston

es a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.

2m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

pit

Hou

se B

2Bu

lk so

il: 1

03

375

376

376

374

Blac

k/br

own,

silty

cla

y w

ith o

cc. s

mal

l sto

nes a

nd fr

eque

nt c

harc

oal i

nclu

-sio

ns. 0

.24m

dee

p

Low

er fi

ll of

pit

Hou

se B

2Bu

lk so

il: 1

01

376

374,

37

5N

at.

375

Ova

l pit,

0.6

2m x

0.4

6m x

0.2

4m d

eep

with

gra

dual

ly sl

opin

g sid

es to

the

east

, ste

ep si

des t

o th

e w

est a

nd so

uth

and

vert

ical

side

s to

the

nort

h an

d an

irr

egul

ar fl

at b

ase

Cut

of p

it of

un-

know

n pu

rpos

eH

ouse

B2

377

378

378

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct b

lack

/gre

y, cl

ayey

sil

t with

freq

uent

larg

e pa

ckin

g sto

nes

and

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. 0

.27m

de

ep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

D

?3

Bulk

soil:

102

378

377

Nat

.37

7Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.4

m x

0.4

m x

0.

27m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd fl

at

base

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

D

?1

379

380,

38

5,

386

Nat

.38

6C

ircul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.5

m d

iam

eter

x

0.36

m d

eep

with

ver

y st

eep

sides

and

fla

t bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1



78


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

380

379

385

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct d

ark

brow

n/bl

ack,

silt

with

freq

uent

smal

l sto

nes

and

char

coal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.06m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

3

381

382,

38

7N

at.

381

Circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.5m

dia

met

er x

0.

33m

dee

p w

ith v

ery

stee

p sid

es a

nd

flat b

ase

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

382

381

387

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct d

ark

brow

n/bl

ack,

silty

sand

with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s an

d ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

. 0.0

6m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

3

383

384

Nat

.38

3Su

b-ci

rcul

ar st

one

sock

et, 0

.31m

dia

m-

eter

x 0

.09m

dee

p w

ith ir

regu

lar s

ides

an

d irr

egul

ar c

onca

ve b

ase

Cut

of s

tone

sock

et

prob

ably

rem

oved

du

ring

cons

truc

tion

of 3

81

Hou

se B

1

384

383

383

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct M

id-b

row

n sil

ty

sand

fill

with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s. 0.

09m

de

ep

Fill

of st

one

sock

etH

ouse

B?

385

379

386

380

Com

pact

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

freq

uent

pac

king

ston

es a

nd o

cc.

char

coal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.2m

dee

p

Mid

dle

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

B1?

386

379

379

385

Very

com

pact

dar

k br

own,

silty

sand

w

ith fr

eque

nt p

acki

ng st

ones

and

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

. 0.1

6m d

eep

Low

er /p

acki

ng fi

ll of

st

ruct

ural

pos

thol

eH

ouse

B1

Bulk

soil:

109

387

381

381

382

Com

pact

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

freq

uent

pac

king

ston

es a

nd o

cc.

char

coal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.33m

dee

p

Low

er /p

acki

ng fi

ll of

st

ruct

ural

pos

thol

eH

ouse

B1

13:

poss

ible

qu

ern

stone

Bulk

soil:

108

388

389

389

390

Com

pact

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

cla

y w

ith

occ.

larg

e an

d sm

all (

pack

ing?

) sto

nes

and

char

coal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.39m

dee

p

Low

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

?Bu

lk so

il: 1

04



79


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

389

388

Nat

.38

8O

val,

0.68

m x

0.5

2m x

0.3

9m d

eep

with

ver

tical

side

s (st

eppe

d at

nor

th)

and

irreg

ular

flat

bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

390

389

388

1M

id-b

row

n, c

laye

y sil

t with

freq

uent

la

rge

and

smal

l (pa

ckin

g?) s

tone

s and

ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

. 0.3

0m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

3

391

392

392

400

Firm

, mid

gre

y/br

own,

cla

yey

silt w

ith

occ.

smal

l sto

nes a

nd fr

eque

nt c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.28m

dee

p

Fill

of p

osth

ole

Hou

se

D?

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

05

392

391

Nat

.39

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.2

6m x

0.2

7m

x 0.

28m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

, ver

tical

at

nor

th a

nd g

radu

ally

slop

ing

at e

ast,

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e

Cut

of p

osth

ole

as-

soci

ated

with

nea

rby

stru

ctur

al p

osth

oles

Hou

se

D?

1

393

395

394

1D

ark

brow

n, sa

ndy

clay

with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s. 0.

08m

dee

pU

pper

fill

of p

roba

ble

tree

-roo

t act

ivity

Hou

se

D?

?Bu

lk so

il: 1

13

394

395

395

393

Ligh

t bro

wn,

med

ium

sand

with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s and

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

0.34

m d

eep

Low

er fi

ll of

pro

babl

e tr

ee-r

oot a

ctiv

ityH

ouse

D

??

Bulk

soil:

114

395

393,

39

440

039

4Su

b-ci

rcul

ar tr

ee-r

oot c

ut, 0

.55m

x

0.5m

x 0

.45m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des

and

sligh

tly c

onca

ve b

ase

Cut

of p

roba

ble

tree

-ro

ot a

ctiv

ityH

ouse

D

??

396

397

397

1M

id-b

lack

/bro

wn,

silty

sand

with

red

burn

t fill

at b

ase,

occ

. med

ium

and

la

rge

(pac

king

?) sto

nes a

nd fr

eque

nt

char

coal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.23m

dee

p

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le- p

art o

f pos

-sib

le e

ntra

nce

Hou

se D

or

B?

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

06,

118

397

396

414

396

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.36m

x 0

.4m

x

0.23

m d

eep

with

irre

gula

r ste

ep si

des

and

sligh

tly c

onca

ve b

ase

with

pos

sible

sig

ns o

f in

situ

burn

ing

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

le- p

art o

f pos

-sib

le e

ntra

nce

Hou

se D

or

B?

1



80


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

398

399

399

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct, b

lack

/bro

wn,

sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. l

arge

pac

king

sto

nes a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.2

8m

deep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

D

?3

Bulk

soil:

110

C

harc

oal:

111

399

398

Nat

.39

8O

val,

0.4m

x 0

.50m

x 0

.27m

dee

p w

ith

vert

ical

side

s and

flat

bas

eC

ut o

f str

uctu

ral

post

hole

Hou

se

D?

1

400

391

1C

ompa

ct, M

id-b

row

n sil

ty c

lay

with

oc

c. st

ones

and

con

cret

e an

d ru

bber

ho

sing

frag

men

t inc

lusio

ns. 1

4m x

3m

x

0.24

m d

eep

Mod

ern

spre

ad- p

os-

sible

pos

t-med

ieva

l pa

thw

ay

Sout

h ex

tent

of

site

1

401

402

402

1Ve

ry c

ompa

ct, y

ello

w/b

row

n, si

lty c

lay

with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s. 0.

06m

dee

pFi

ll of

pit

Hou

se B

2Bu

lk so

il: 1

12

402

401

Nat

.40

1O

val p

it, 0

.38m

x 0

.68m

x 0

.06m

dee

p w

ith g

radu

ally

slop

ing

sides

, im

per-

cept

ible

to n

orth

, and

an

irreg

ular

flat

ba

se

Cut

of p

it of

un-

know

n pu

rpos

eH

ouse

B2

403

404

404

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct, b

row

n, c

laye

y sil

t w

ith o

cc. l

arge

(pac

king

?) sto

nes a

nd

char

coal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.23m

dee

p

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B

or D

?3

Bulk

soil:

115

404

403

Nat

.40

3Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.5

m x

0.4

3m

x 0.

28m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd

irreg

ular

flat

bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B

or D

?1

405

406

Nat

.40

6Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.5

2m d

iam

eter

x

0.25

m d

eep

with

nea

r ver

tical

side

s an

d irr

egul

ar fl

at b

ase

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

406

405

405

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct, b

row

n, sa

ndy

silt

with

freq

uent

larg

e pa

ckin

g sto

nes a

nd

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. 0

.25m

dee

p

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B3

Bulk

soil:

117



81


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

407

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

8m x

0.1

4m x

0.2

4m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Li

ght b

row

n/gr

ey si

lty sa

nd w

ith o

cc.

tiny

pebb

les a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith e

ntra

nce

(pos

sible

win

d-br

eak)

Hou

se A

1Bu

lk so

il: 1

16

408

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

m x

0.0

8m x

0.1

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith e

ntra

nce

(pos

sible

win

d-br

eak)

Hou

se A

1

409

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.1

m x

0.1

m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

pebb

les

Cut

and

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith e

ntra

nce

(pos

sible

win

d-br

eak)

Hou

se A

1

410

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

4m x

0.1

2m x

0.2

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith e

ntra

nce

(pos

sible

win

d-br

eak)

Hou

se A

1

411

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

m x

0.1

1m x

0.1

7m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith e

ntra

nce

(pos

sible

win

d-br

eak)

Hou

se A

1

412

41

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

3m x

0.1

1m x

0.2

2m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

pebb

les

Cut

and

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith e

ntra

nce

(pos

sible

win

d-br

eak)

Hou

se A

1

413

41

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

2m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

pebb

les

Cut

and

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l sta

keho

le a

sso-

ciat

ed w

ith e

ntra

nce

(pos

sible

win

d-br

eak)

Hou

se A

1

414

415

415

397

Mid

-gre

y/br

own,

silty

sand

with

occ

. la

rge

pack

ing

stone

s (ba

se li

ned

with

fla

t sto

nes)

and

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lu-

sions

. 0.5

5m d

eep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith e

ntra

nce

Hou

se B

, N

side

of

entr

ance

1Bu

lk so

il: 1

19



82


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

415

414

499

414

Ova

l, 0.

6m x

0.9

8m x

0.5

5m d

eep

with

ve

rtic

al si

des a

nd fl

at b

ase

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l pos

thol

e as

soci

-at

ed w

ith e

ntra

nce

1

416

418

417

1M

id-b

row

n sa

ndy

clay

with

occ

. sm

all

stone

s and

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l inc

lu-

sions

. 0.0

9m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

pro

babl

e tr

ee-r

oot a

ctiv

ityH

ouse

D

??

417

418

418

416

Ligh

t bro

wn,

med

ium

sand

with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

s and

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

0.19

m d

eep

Low

er fi

ll of

pro

babl

e tr

ee-r

oot a

ctiv

ityH

ouse

D

??

418

416,

41

740

041

7Su

b-ci

rcul

ar tr

ee-r

oot c

ut, 0

.44m

x

0.44

m x

0.1

9m d

eep

with

stee

p, ir

regu

-la

r sid

es a

nd sl

ight

ly c

onca

ve b

ase

Cut

of p

roba

ble

tree

-ro

ot a

ctiv

ityH

ouse

D

??

419

420,

42

1N

at.

421

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.55m

x 0

.5m

x

0.28

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es, v

ertic

al

at e

ast a

nd w

est,

and

roun

ded/

conc

ave

poin

t bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith e

ntra

nce

Hou

se D

1

420

419

421

461

Dar

k br

own/

blac

k, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc.

burn

t sto

nes a

nd fr

eque

nt c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.23m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

asso

ci-

ated

with

ent

ranc

e

Hou

se D

1Bu

lk so

il: 1

23

421

419

419

420

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, ora

nge/

brow

n,

gritt

y, cl

ayey

sand

with

3 la

rge

and

occ.

med

ium

pac

king

ston

es. 0

.28m

de

ep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

e as

soci

-at

ed w

ith e

ntra

nce

Hou

se D

1

422

423

Nat

.42

3Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.5

5m d

iam

eter

x

0.23

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at

base

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

423

422

423

1C

ompa

ct, d

ark

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith

freq

uent

pac

king

ston

es a

nd o

cc. c

har-

coal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.23m

dee

p

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

Bulk

soil:

121

424

427

427

426

Firm

, mid

-yel

low

/bro

wn,

silty

cla

y w

ith o

cc. s

mal

l sto

nes a

nd c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.08m

dee

p

Fill

of p

itH

ouse

B3



83


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

425

426

426

1D

ark

brow

n, c

laye

y sil

t with

freq

uent

sm

all,

med

ium

and

larg

e sto

nes a

nd

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. 0

.32m

dee

p

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

C3

Bulk

soil:

120

426

425

424

425

Ova

l, 0.

56m

x 0

.38m

x 0

.32m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd fl

at b

ase

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

C1

427

424

446

424

Ova

l pit,

1.3

m x

1.0

5m x

0.0

7m d

eep

with

gra

dual

ly sl

opin

g sid

es to

the

nort

h an

d ea

st, i

mpe

rcep

tible

to th

e w

est a

nd so

uth,

and

flat

bas

e

Cut

of p

it of

un-

know

n pu

rpos

eH

ouse

B1

428

429

429

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct, l

ight

yel

low

/br

own,

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. sm

all

stone

s. 0.

13m

dee

p

Fill

of p

ossib

le sh

al-

low

pit

or in

com

plet

e po

stho

le? P

rob.

Non

-ar

ch -

not o

n pl

an

Hou

se B

or

D?

1

429

428

Nat

.42

8Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole/

pit,

0.45

m x

0.

49m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des,

but c

onca

ve to

the

nort

h, a

nd fl

at b

ase

incl

ined

NW

dow

n to

SE

Cut

of p

ossib

le sh

al-

low

pit

or in

com

plet

e po

stho

le? P

rob.

Non

-ar

ch -

not o

n pl

an

Hou

se B

or

D?

1

430

431

430

1N

o de

tails

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

asso

-ci

ated

with

pos

thol

e 44

9

Hou

se B

or

C?

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

22

431

430

Nat

.46

2C

ircul

ar, 0

.08m

dia

met

er x

0.15

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase

Cut

of s

take

hole

ass

o-ci

ated

with

pos

thol

e 44

9

Hou

se B

or

C?

1

432

433

Nat

.43

3So

ft, f

riabl

e, m

id-b

row

n, g

ritty

, silt

y cl

ay w

ith o

cc. s

mal

l and

med

ium

pac

k-in

g sto

nes a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.

37m

dee

p

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

433

432

433

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.4

0m x

0.4

6m

x 0.

37m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des,

but

grad

ually

slop

ing

to th

e no

rth,

and

flat

ba

se in

clin

ed so

uth

dow

n to

nor

th

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1



84


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

434

435,

43

646

543

6Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.5

1m d

iam

eter

x

0.42

m d

eep

with

ver

tical

side

s and

fla

t bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

435

434

435

1D

ark

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith fr

eque

nt

larg

e sto

nes a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

-sio

ns. 0

.33m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

25

436

434

434

435

Dar

k gr

ey si

lt w

ith o

cc. s

mal

l sto

nes

and

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. 0

.09m

de

ep

Low

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

26

437

438

438

1D

ark

grey

silty

cla

y w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.08m

dee

pFi

ll of

inte

rnal

stru

c-tu

ral s

take

hole

Hou

se B

3

438

437

Nat

.43

7C

ircul

ar, 0

.085

m d

iam

eter

x 0

.08m

de

ep w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd ro

unde

d po

int b

ase

Cut

of i

nter

nal s

truc

-tu

ral s

take

hole

Hou

se B

1

439

440

440

461

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, bro

wn,

cla

yey

silt w

ith o

cc. s

mal

l and

larg

e sto

nes.

0.26

m d

eep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B

or D

?1

440

439

Nat

.43

9Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.5

4m x

0.4

9m

x 0.

26m

dee

p w

ith ir

regu

lar s

ides

and

co

ncav

e ba

se

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B

or D

?1

441

442

442

1M

id-g

rey/

brow

n, si

lty sa

nd w

ith 7

la

rge

pack

ing

stone

s and

freq

uent

cha

r-co

al in

clus

ions

. 0.3

8m d

eep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith e

ntra

nce

Hou

se B

or

D?

1Bu

lk so

il:12

4 C

harc

oal:

127

442

441

499

441

Ova

l, 0.

46m

x 0

.35m

x 0

.38m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd c

onca

ve b

ase

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith e

ntra

nce

Hou

se B

or

D?

1

443

445

445,

508

444

Soft

, mid

-yel

low

/bro

wn,

silty

cla

y w

ith

occ.

smal

l sto

nes a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

-sio

ns. 0

.28m

dee

p

Pack

ing

fill o

f in

tern

al st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le

Hou

se B

1Bu

lk so

il: 1

38



85


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

444

445

443

447

Firm

, bla

ck/b

row

n, c

laye

y sil

t with

oc

c. sm

all s

tone

s and

pat

ches

of b

urnt

cl

ay, f

requ

ent f

ragm

ents

of b

urnt

bon

e,

and

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. 0

.28m

de

ep

Upp

er fi

ll of

inte

rnal

st

ruct

ural

pos

thol

eH

ouse

B3

14:

burn

t bo

ne

Bulk

soil:

129

445

443,

44

4N

at.

443

Sub-

rect

angu

lar p

osth

ole,

0.5

9m x

0.

6m S

E/N

W x

0.3

m d

eep

with

ver

ti-ca

l sid

es, s

teep

at t

he e

ast,

and

flat b

ase

Cut

of i

nter

nal s

truc

-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

1

446

447

447

427

Firm

, Mid

-bro

wn

silty

cla

y, w

ith o

cc.

smal

l sto

nes a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.

09m

dee

p

Fill

of p

itH

ouse

B2?

Bulk

soil:

128

447

446

444

446

Sub-

squa

re p

it, 0

.95m

x 0

.76m

x

0.09

m d

eep

with

gra

dual

ly sl

opin

g sid

es, b

ut im

perc

eptib

le a

t the

sout

h (tr

unca

ted

by 4

27),

flat b

ase

Cut

of p

it of

un-

know

n pu

rpos

eH

ouse

B2?

448

449

449

1Lo

ose,

bla

ck/b

row

n, si

lty c

lay

with

oc

c. p

acki

ng st

ones

and

cha

rcoa

l inc

lu-

sions

. 0.4

m d

eep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B

or C

?3

Bulk

soil:

130

449

448

462

448

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.26m

x 0

.29m

x

0.4m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd fl

at

base

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B

or C

?1

450

502

502

503

Mid

-bro

wn

sand

y, sil

ty c

lay

with

occ

. sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m st

ones

and

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.15

m d

eep

Fill

of p

it fo

r bur

nt

was

te?

Hou

se B

21:

flin

t fla

keBu

lk so

il: 1

39

451

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

08m

x 0

.05m

x 0

.08m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

bas

eC

ut a

nd fi

ll of

st

akeh

ole

in (p

ossib

le

habi

tatio

n?) g

roup

M

Hou

se C

2?

452

Nat

.1

Sub-

Ova

l, 0.

07m

x 0

.13m

x 0

.23m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up M

Hou

se C

2?



86


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

453

Nat

.1

Sub-

rect

angu

lar s

take

hole

, 0.0

5m x

0.

05m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

an

d ro

unde

d po

int b

ase

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up M

Hou

se C

2?

454

Nat

.1

Sub-

Ova

l, 0.

09m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.08m

de

ep w

ith ir

regu

lar,

stee

p sid

es a

nd

poin

ted

base

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up M

Hou

se C

2?

455

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.05m

x 0

.12m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up M

Hou

se C

2?

456

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

06m

x 0

.06m

x 0

.13m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t ba

se

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up M

Hou

se C

2?

457

Can

celle

d45

8C

ance

lled

459

Can

celle

d46

0C

ance

lled

461

583,

58

437

1, 4

20,

439

583

Line

ar d

itch,

circ

a 30

m (e

xten

ds o

ut

with

site

) x 1

.6m

x ?

Dee

p w

ith ir

regu

-la

r slo

ping

side

s and

a fl

at b

ase

Cut

of l

inea

r 19

th c

entu

ry fi

eld

boun

dary

Hou

se B

1

462

463

462

448

Mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n, si

lty c

lay.

0.12

m

deep

Fill

of sh

allo

w p

it co

ntai

ning

pos

thol

e 49

9

Hou

se C

3

463

462

Nat

.46

2Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

it, 0

.9m

x 0

.7m

x 0

.12m

de

ep w

ith g

radu

ally

slop

ing

sides

and

fla

t bas

e

Cut

of s

hallo

w p

it co

ntai

ning

pos

thol

e 49

9

Hou

se C

1

464

465

Nat

.46

5Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

it, 1

.01m

dia

met

er x

0.

22m

dee

p w

ith g

radu

ally

slop

ing

sides

and

slig

htly

con

cave

bas

e

Cut

of p

it co

ntai

n-in

g po

stho

le 4

34 a

nd

stak

ehol

es 4

66, 4

67

468

Hou

se B

1



87


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

465

464

464

434,

46

6,

467,

46

8

Mid

-bro

wn/

grey

, san

dy si

lt w

ith o

cc.

smal

l and

med

ium

ston

es a

nd c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.22m

dee

p

Fill

of p

it co

ntai

ning

po

stho

le 4

34 a

nd

stak

ehol

es 4

66, 4

67

468

Hou

se B

3

466

465

1C

ircul

ar, 0

.1m

dia

met

er x

0.1

9m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Lo

ose,

gre

y/br

own

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

ass

ocia

ted

with

po

stho

le 4

34

Hou

se B

?Bu

lk so

il; 1

31

467

465

1C

ircul

ar, 0

.12m

dia

met

er x

0.2

7m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Lo

ose,

gre

y/br

own

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

ass

ocia

ted

with

po

stho

le 4

34

Hou

se B

?Bu

lk so

il: 1

32

468

465

1C

ircul

ar, 0

.14m

dia

met

er x

0.4

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Lo

ose,

gre

y/br

own

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

ass

ocia

ted

with

po

stho

le 4

34

Hou

se B

?Bu

lk so

il; 1

33

469

Can

celle

d47

0C

ance

lled

Bulk

soil;

130

471

Can

celle

d47

246

21

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.1

3m x

0.15

m x

0.2

m

deep

with

ver

tical

side

s and

poi

nted

ba

se

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

ass

ocia

ted

with

po

stho

le 4

49

Hou

se B

or

C?

1

473

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.0

4m x

0.1

m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d po

int b

ase.

Dar

k br

own,

silty

sand

w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

N

ass

ocia

ted

with

po

stho

le 5

33

Hou

se B

or

C?

1

474

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

7m x

0.0

8m x

0.1

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

D

ark

brow

n, si

lty sa

nd w

ith o

cc. c

har-

coal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

N

ass

ocia

ted

with

po

stho

le 5

33

Hou

se B

or

C?

1



88


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

475

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

8m d

iam

eter

x 0

.12m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e. D

ark

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd w

ith

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of d

oubl

e st

akeh

ole

in g

roup

N

ass

ocia

ted

with

po

stho

le 4

79

Hou

se B

or

C?

1

476

481

1C

ircul

ar, 0

.06m

dia

met

er x

0.1

2m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

D

ark

brow

n sil

ty sa

nd w

ith o

cc. c

har-

coal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

N a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

post

hole

479

Hou

se B

or

C?

1

477

481

1C

ircul

ar, 0

.08m

dia

met

er x

0.1

1m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase.

Dar

k br

own

silty

sand

with

occ

. cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

N a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

post

hole

479

Hou

se B

or

C?

1

478

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

7m x

0.0

6m x

0.1

6m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d po

int b

ase.

Dar

k br

own,

silty

sand

w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up N

as

soci

ated

with

pit

502

Hou

se B

?

479

480,

48

1N

at.

481

Ova

l pos

thol

e w

ith li

near

nor

th

exte

nsio

n, 0

.8m

(min

.) 1.

15m

(max

.) x

0.58

m x

0.2

7m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es

at e

ast a

nd w

est,

vert

ical

at n

orth

and

so

uth,

and

flat

bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

480

479

481

1D

ark

grey

, fin

e, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc.

med

ium

ston

es a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

-sio

ns. 0

.25m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

43

481

479

479

480,

47

6,

477,

48

6,

545

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, pal

e or

ange

, grit

-ty

, cla

yey

sand

with

4 la

rge,

“squ

are”

pa

ckin

g sto

nes,

occ.

smal

l sto

nes a

nd

char

coal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.27m

dee

p

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

B1

482

483

Nat

.48

3Li

near

L-s

hape

d fu

rrow

, 4m

x 2

.6m

x

0.1m

dee

p w

ith g

radu

ally

slop

ing

sides

an

d fla

t bas

e

Cut

of m

oder

n pl

ough

furr

owH

ouse

D1



89


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

483

482

482

395,

41

8M

id-b

row

n, m

ediu

m sa

nd w

ith o

cc.

smal

l sto

nes a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.

1m d

eep

Fill

of m

oder

n pl

ough

furr

owH

ouse

D3

484

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

6m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

1m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Li

ght b

row

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. c

har-

coal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

ass

ocia

ted

with

pi

t 502

Hou

se B

?

485

Nat

.1

Sub-

circ

ular

, 0.0

9m x

0.0

7m x

0.1

2m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Li

ght b

row

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. c

har-

coal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of st

ake-

hole

ass

ocia

ted

with

pi

t 502

Hou

se B

?

486

481

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.06m

x 0

.05m

x 0

.12m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Dar

k br

own,

silty

sand

with

occ

. cha

r-co

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

N a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

post

hole

543

/479

Hou

se B

or

C?

1

487

488

488

415

Mid

-gre

y/br

own,

silty

sand

with

fre-

quen

t cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. 0

.09m

dee

pFi

ll of

line

ar sl

ot

tren

ch a

t ent

ranc

eH

ouse

B

or D

?3

Bulk

Soi

l: 13

4

488

487

Nat

.48

7Li

near

slot

tren

ch, 0

.27m

x 0

.78m

x

0.09

m d

eep

with

gra

dual

ly sl

opin

g sid

es a

nd ir

regu

lar f

lat b

ase

Cut

of l

inea

r slo

t tr

ench

at e

ntra

nce

(pos

sible

con

tinua

-tio

n of

495

)

Hou

se B

or

D?

1

489

491

491

490

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, bro

wn,

silty

cla

y w

ith o

cc. s

tone

incl

usio

ns. 0

.15m

dee

pLo

wer

fill

of p

it of

un

know

n pu

rpos

eH

ouse

B2

or 3

Bulk

Soi

l: 13

5

490

491

489

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct, b

lack

/gre

y, sil

ty c

lay

with

2 la

rge

stone

s and

occ

. de

caye

d sto

ne a

nd c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.

15m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

pit

of

unkn

own

purp

ose

Hou

se B

2 or

3Bu

lk S

oil:

136

491

489,

49

0N

at.

489

Irre

gula

r sub

-circ

ular

pit,

0.5

2m x

0.

37m

x 0

.15m

dee

p w

ith ir

regu

lar

grad

ually

slop

ing

sides

and

irre

gula

r co

ncav

e ba

se

Cut

of p

it of

un-

know

n pu

rpos

e (p

os-

sibly

non

-arc

h.)

Hou

se B

2



90


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

492

493

493

1M

id-b

row

n, c

laye

y sil

t with

freq

uent

la

rge

stone

s. 0.

45m

dee

pFi

ll of

inte

rnal

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se C

3

493

492

Nat

.49

2Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.4

1m x

0.4

3m

x 0.

45m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd

flat b

ase

Cut

of i

nter

nal s

truc

-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se C

1

494

564

560

1D

ark

brow

n, sa

ndy

clay

with

occ

. bu

rnt s

tone

and

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.1

4m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

slot

tr

ench

of H

ouse

BH

ouse

B3

Bulk

Soi

l: 13

7

495

Can

celle

d?H

ouse

BC

harc

oal:

157

496

Nat

.46

No

deta

ilsSh

allo

w sp

read

Hou

se A

?49

749

849

81

Mid

-bro

wn

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. cha

r-co

al in

clus

ions

. 0.2

3m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

asso

-ci

ated

with

pos

thol

e 49

3

Hou

se B

1

498

497

Nat

.49

7Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.09m

x 0

.1m

x 0

.23m

de

ep w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd p

oint

ed

base

Cut

of s

take

hole

ass

o-ci

ated

with

pos

thol

e 49

3

Hou

se B

3

499

515

528

564

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. la

rge

and

med

ium

ston

e in

clus

ions

. 0.

16m

dee

p

Upp

er fi

ll of

slot

tr

ench

of H

ouse

B

or D

?

Hou

se D

3

500

501

501

1M

id-g

rey/

brow

n, si

lty sa

nd w

ith

freq

uent

smal

l sto

ne in

clus

ions

. 0.1

2m

deep

Fill

of sh

allo

w p

it of

un

know

n pu

rpos

eH

ouse

B3

501

500

Nat

.50

0Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

it, 0

.41m

x 0

.42m

x

0.12

m d

eep

with

step

ped,

shal

low

side

s an

d irr

egul

ar, f

lat b

ase

Cut

of s

hallo

w p

it of

un

know

n pu

rpos

e (p

ossib

ly n

on-a

rch.

)

Hou

se B

?

502

503,

45

053

045

0O

val p

it, 1

.35m

x 0

.65m

x 0

.15m

dee

p w

ith sh

allo

w si

des,

but v

ertic

al a

t wes

t, an

d fla

t bas

e

Cut

of p

it fo

r bur

nt

was

te?

Hou

se B

?

503

502

502

405

Loos

e, g

ritty

, bla

ck/d

ark

grey

, san

dy

silt w

ith v

ery

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l inc

lu-

sions

. ?m

dee

p

Cha

rcoa

l ric

h fil

l of

pit f

or b

urnt

was

te?

Hou

se B

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

40



91


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

504

559

Nat

.55

9Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.3

6m x

0.2

8m

x 0.

29m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

, gra

du-

ally

slop

ing

to w

est a

nd n

orth

, and

ro

unde

d po

int b

ase

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

505

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.1

2m d

iam

eter

x 0

.23m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Dar

k br

own

silty

sand

with

freq

uent

ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

N a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

post

hole

479

Hou

se B

?Bu

lk so

il: 1

41

506

507

Nat

.50

7O

val,

0.44

m x

0.3

2m x

0.3

2m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd fl

at b

ase

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

507

506

506

518

Mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith

freq

uent

smal

l and

med

ium

ston

es a

nd

occ.

cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns. 3

2m d

eep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B3

Bulk

soil:

142

508

509

509

1D

ark

grey

, silt

y cl

ay w

ith o

cc. c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 1

8m d

eep

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

asso

-ci

ated

with

pos

thol

e 44

5

Hou

se B

3

509

508

Nat

.50

8Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.95m

x 0

.095

m x

0.1

8m

deep

with

ver

tical

side

s and

roun

ded

poin

t bas

e

Cut

of s

take

hole

ass

o-ci

ated

with

pos

thol

e 44

5

Hou

se B

1

510

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

5m d

iam

eter

x 0

.11m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Dar

k br

own,

silty

sand

with

occ

. cha

r-co

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

gro

up

N a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

post

hole

479

Hou

se B

?

511

513

513

512

No

deta

ilsLo

wer

fill

of sh

al-

low

pit

of u

nkno

wn

purp

ose

(pos

sibly

no

n-ar

ch.)

Hou

se B

?

512

513

511

1N

o de

tails

Upp

er o

f sha

llow

pit

of u

nkno

wn

purp

ose

(pos

sibly

non

-arc

h.)

Hou

se B

?



92


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

513

511,

51

2N

at.

511

No

deta

ilsC

ut o

f sha

llow

pit

of

unkn

own

purp

ose

(pos

sibly

non

-arc

h.)

Hou

se B

?

514

527

527

1M

id-g

rey/

blac

k, si

lty sa

nd w

ith 2

larg

e sto

nes o

n ed

ge fo

rmin

g w

este

rn e

dge,

oc

c. sm

all s

tone

s and

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.4

m d

eep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le a

t ent

ranc

eH

ouse

B

or D

?3

Bulk

soil:

144

C

harc

oal:

145

515

528,

52

9,

499

Nat

.52

9Li

near

slot

tren

ch, 3

.95m

x 0

.65m

x

0.6

m d

eep

with

ver

tical

side

s and

sli

ghtly

con

cave

bas

e

Cut

of s

tone

line

d slo

t tre

nch

Hou

se D

1

516

Not

use

d51

751

851

81

Mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n, si

lty sa

nd w

ith

freq

uent

med

ium

ston

e in

clus

ions

. 0.

37m

dee

p

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

asso

-ci

ated

with

pos

thol

e 50

6

Hou

se B

3

518

517

507

517

Circ

ular

, 0.1

4m x

0.1

3m x

0.3

7m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d po

int

base

Cut

of s

take

hole

ass

o-ci

ated

with

pos

thol

e 50

6

Hou

se B

1

519

520

Nat

.52

0Su

b-O

val,

0.19

m x

0.1

7m S

E/N

W x

0.

3m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es, i

rreg

ular

to

east

, and

poi

nted

bas

e

Cut

of s

mal

l pos

t-ho

le a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

post

hole

506

Hou

se B

1

520

519

519

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

smal

l sto

ne in

clus

ions

. 0.3

m d

eep

Fill

of sm

all p

osth

ole

asso

ciat

ed w

ith p

ost-

hole

506

Hou

se B

3

521

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

08m

x 0

.07m

x 0

.16m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e. S

oft,

mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n, si

lty sa

nd.

Cut

of s

take

hole

ass

o-ci

ated

with

pos

thol

es

506

and

519

Hou

se B

1

522

523,

52

4N

at.

523

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e/pi

t, 0.

84m

x

0.65

m x

0.15

m d

eep

with

gra

dual

ly

slopi

ng si

des,

but i

mpe

rcep

tible

and

irr

egul

ar to

wes

t and

SW

, and

flat

bas

e

Cut

of p

ossib

ly h

eav-

ily tr

unca

ted

post

hole

or

shal

low

pit

Hou

se B

1



93


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

523

522

522

524,

54

4M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct, o

rang

e/gr

ey,

gritt

y/co

arse

, cla

yey

sand

with

occ

. la

rge

pack

ing

stone

s and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.15

m d

eep

Low

er/p

acki

ng fi

ll of

pos

sibly

hea

vily

tr

unca

ted

post

hole

or

shal

low

pit

Hou

se B

1?

524

522

523

1M

id-g

rey/

brow

n, fi

ne, s

ilty

sand

with

oc

c. m

ediu

m st

one

and

occ.

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.1

2m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

pos

sibly

he

avily

trun

cate

d po

stho

le o

r sha

llow

pi

t

Hou

se B

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

47

525

526

Nat

.52

6N

o de

tails

Cut

of p

it of

un-

know

n pu

rpos

e?

?

526

525

525

1N

o de

tails

Fill

of p

it of

un-

know

n pu

rpos

e?

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

46

527

514

529

514

Tria

ngul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.3

2m x

0.4

m

x 0.

4m d

eep

with

ver

tical

side

s and

co

ncav

e ba

se

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

le a

t ent

ranc

eH

ouse

B

or D

?1

528

515

529

499

Ligh

t ora

nge/

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith

occ.

larg

e pa

ckin

g sto

ne in

clus

ions

. 0.

15m

dee

p

Mid

dle

fill o

f sto

ne

lined

slot

tren

chH

ouse

D3

529

515

515

527,

52

8Li

ght b

row

n, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc. l

arge

pa

ckin

g sto

nes a

nd la

rge

and

med

ium

sto

ne in

clus

ions

. 0.2

5m d

eep

Low

er fi

ll of

ston

e lin

ed sl

ot tr

ench

Hou

se D

324

: qu

ern

stone

530

532

531

502

Dar

k br

own/

blac

k, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc.

smal

l sto

ne in

clus

ions

. 0.4

m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

48

Cha

rcoa

l: 14

953

153

253

253

0M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct, l

ight

bro

wn,

sa

ndy

clay

with

occ

. sto

ne in

clus

ions

. 0.

41m

dee

p

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

B1

532

530,

53

1N

at.

531

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.45m

dia

met

er

x 0.

41m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

ba

se

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1



94


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

533

534,

53

5N

at.

535

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.49m

x 0

.45m

x

0.19

m d

eep

with

ver

y st

eep

sides

and

irr

egul

ar, f

lat b

ase

slopi

ng so

uth

dow

n to

nor

th

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

534

533

535

1M

id-g

rey/

brow

n, fi

ne, c

laye

y sil

t with

oc

c. sm

all s

tone

and

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.15

m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

50

535

533

533

534,

54

2,

543

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, pal

e or

ange

, sa

ndy

clay

with

occ

. sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m

stone

incl

usio

ns. 0

.19m

dee

p

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

B1

536

537,

53

6N

at.

538

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 1

m x

0.7

m x

0.

45m

dee

p w

ith v

ertic

al si

des a

nd fl

at

base

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B

or D

?1

537

536

538

461

Dar

k br

own/

blac

k, sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

cc.

smal

l sto

ne a

nd v

ery

freq

uent

cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.2

7m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

or

D?

1m

oder

n fr

ag-

men

t of

foil

Bulk

soil:

151

538

536

536

537

Ligh

t bro

wn,

fine

, san

dy c

lay

with

fr

eque

nt sm

all s

tone

and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l in

clus

ions

. 0.4

5m d

eep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

B

or D

?3

Cha

rcoa

l: 15

2

539

541

540

1N

o de

tails

Upp

er fi

ll of

inte

rnal

st

ruct

ural

pos

thol

eH

ouse

B3

540

541

541

539

No

deta

ilsPa

ckin

g fil

l of

inte

rnal

stru

ctur

al

post

hole

Hou

se B

1

541

539,

54

0N

at.

540

No

deta

ilsC

ut o

f int

erna

l str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

B1

542

535

1C

ircul

ar, 0

.07m

dia

met

er x

0.1

9m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd ro

unde

d po

int

base

. Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

oc

c. c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

Cut

and

fill

of su

p-po

rtin

g st

akeh

ole

of

post

hole

533

Hou

se B

1



95


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

543

535

1C

ircul

ar, 0

.09m

dia

met

er x

0.1

8m

deep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Lo

ose,

pal

e br

own,

cla

yey

sand

Cut

and

fill

of su

p-po

rtin

g st

akeh

ole

of

post

hole

533

Hou

se B

1

544

523

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.1m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.19m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

poi

nted

bas

e.

Mid

-bro

wn

silty

sand

fill

with

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of su

p-po

rtin

g st

akeh

ole

of

post

hole

522

Hou

se B

1

545

481

1C

ircul

ar, 0

.06m

dia

met

er x

0.1

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es a

nd p

oint

ed b

ase.

Mid

-br

own

silty

sand

fill

Cut

and

fill

of su

p-po

rtin

g st

akeh

ole

of

post

hole

479

Hou

se B

1

546

548

547

1N

o de

tails

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole/

pit

Hou

se B

3

547

548

548

546

No

deta

ilsPa

ckin

g fil

l of s

truc

-tu

ral p

osth

ole/

pit

Hou

se B

123

: ? G

old

frag

men

t

548

546,

54

7N

at.

547

No

deta

ilsC

ut o

f str

uctu

ral

post

hole

/pit

Hou

se B

1

549

550,

55

1N

at.

550

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.47m

x 0

.45m

x

0.4m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

ir-

regu

lar,

flat b

ase.

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

D1

550

549

549

551

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, mid

-bro

wn,

gr

itty,

sand

y cl

ay w

ith 7

larg

e an

d oc

c. m

ediu

m p

acki

ng st

ones

and

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

. 0.4

m d

eep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

D1

551

549

550

1D

ark

grey

/bro

wn,

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. sm

all s

tone

, occ

. cha

rcoa

l “ch

unks

” an

d fr

eque

nt c

harc

oal i

nclu

sions

. 0.4

m

deep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se D

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

53

Cha

rcoa

l: 15

4

552

556

555

1D

ark

brow

n/bl

ack,

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. ch

arco

al in

clus

ions

. 0.1

4m d

eep

Upp

er fi

ll of

stru

c-tu

ral p

osth

ole

Hou

se B

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

55



96


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

553

554

553

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.4

5m x

0.3

m x

0.

22m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

, ste

pppe

d at

sout

h, a

nd ir

regu

lar,

flat b

ase

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

D

? or

mod

ern

path

1

554

553

Nat

.55

4M

id-o

rang

e-br

own

sand

y cl

ay w

ith

occ.

smal

l and

med

ium

ston

es a

nd o

cc.

man

gane

se in

clus

ions

. 0.2

2m d

eep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

D

? or

mod

ern

path

3Bu

lk so

il: 1

56

555

556

556

552

Ligh

t bro

wn

sand

y cl

ay w

ith 2

med

ium

pa

ckin

g sto

nes l

inin

g cu

t edg

e. 0

.23m

de

ep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

B1

556

552,

55

5N

at.

555

Circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.3m

dia

met

er x

0.

23m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

flat

ba

se

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

557

558,

56

156

356

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.3

6m x

0.3

m

SE/N

W x

0.2

m d

eep

with

stee

p sid

es,

irreg

ular

at s

outh

, ver

tical

at w

est a

nd

irreg

ular

, fla

t bas

e.

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1

558

557

561

1M

id-g

rey/

brow

n, g

ritty

, silt

y sa

nd w

ith

occ.

smal

l sto

ne a

nd o

cc. c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.18m

dee

p

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B3

Bulk

soil:

159

559

504

504

1M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct, b

lack

/gre

y, sil

ty

clay

with

freq

uent

larg

e an

d sm

all

stone

s and

occ

. cha

rcoa

l inc

lusio

ns.

0.29

m d

eep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B3

560

564

564

494

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

, mid

-ora

nge/

brow

n sa

ndy

clay

with

freq

uent

frag

-m

ents

of b

urnt

cla

y. 0.

2m d

eep

Pack

ing

fill o

f slo

t tr

ench

of H

ouse

BH

ouse

B1

Bulk

soil:

158



97


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

561

557

557

558,

56

2M

oder

atel

y co

mpa

ct, p

ale

oran

ge,

gritt

y, sa

ndy

clay

with

1 la

rge

and

occ.

sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m st

one

incl

usio

ns.

0.2m

dee

p

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

B1

562

561

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.15m

x 0

.08m

x 0

.18m

de

ep w

ith st

eep

sides

and

dou

ble

poin

ted

base

. Dar

k gr

ey/b

row

n, si

lty

sand

with

occ

. tin

y sto

nes a

nd c

harc

oal

incl

usio

ns

Cut

and

fill

of su

p-po

rtin

g (p

ossib

ly

doub

le) st

akeh

ole

of

post

hole

557

Hou

se B

3

563

Nat

.55

7,

461

Mod

erat

ely

com

pact

spre

ad, m

id-

oran

ge/b

row

n, c

oars

e, si

lty sa

nd w

ith

occ.

smal

l sto

ne in

clus

ions

. 0.0

4m

deep

Poss

ible

floo

r sur

face

Hou

se B

2Bu

lk so

il: 1

60

564

494,

56

049

956

0Se

mi-c

ircul

ar tr

ench

, 0.3

m w

ide

x cir

ca

12m

in le

ngth

x 0

.2m

dee

p w

ith st

eep

sides

and

irre

gula

r fla

t bas

e

Cut

of s

lot t

renc

h of

H

ouse

BH

ouse

B1

565

585

Nat

.58

5Li

near

slot

tren

ch, 1

.75m

x 0

.7m

x 0

.4

m d

eep

with

ver

y st

eep

sides

, irr

egul

ar

and

vert

ical

in p

lace

s, an

d fla

t bas

e

Cut

of s

tone

line

d slo

t tre

nch

Hou

se D

1

566

567

585

567

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

thol

e, 0

.6m

x 0

.55m

x

0.55

m d

eep

with

ver

tical

side

s, st

eppe

d at

wes

t, an

d fla

t bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

le (p

ossib

le

entr

ance

) with

in sl

ot

tren

ch 5

65

Hou

se D

1

567

566

566

1M

id-g

rey/

brow

n, g

ritty

, silt

y sa

nd w

ith

larg

e, fl

at p

acki

ng st

ones

set 3

tier

s de

ep a

gain

st c

ut w

all a

nd fr

eque

nt

char

coal

incl

usio

ns. 0

.55m

dee

p

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

le (p

ossib

le

entr

ance

) with

in sl

ot

tren

ch 5

65

Hou

se D

3

568

569

569

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith se

vera

l la

rge

pack

ing

stone

incl

usio

ns. 0

.27m

de

ep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

C3



98


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

569

568

Nat

.56

8O

val,

0.36

m x

0.4

3m x

0.2

7m d

eep

with

ver

tical

side

s and

irre

gula

r, fla

t ba

se

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

C1

570

571

571

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith se

vera

l la

rge

pack

ing

stone

incl

usio

ns. 0

.25m

de

ep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

D

?3

571

570

Nat

.57

0Su

b-ci

rcul

ar, 0

.52m

x 0

.55m

x 0

.25m

de

ep, s

teep

side

s, gr

adua

lly sl

opin

g at

no

rth,

and

con

cave

bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

D

?1

572

586

Nat

.58

6C

ircul

ar p

osth

ole,

0.2

3m d

iam

eter

x

0.24

m d

eep

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

C1

573

587

Nat

.58

7Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

it, 0

.5m

x 0

.4m

x 0

.11m

de

ep

Cut

of p

it of

un-

know

n pu

rpos

eH

ouse

B2

574

Nat

.1

Ova

l, 0.

4m x

0.2

8m x

0.3

8m d

eep.

So

ft, l

ight

bro

wn,

sand

y cl

ay w

ith

freq

uent

ston

e in

clus

ions

Cut

and

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

C1

575

588

Nat

.58

8O

val,

0.3m

x 0

.2m

x 0

.2m

dee

pC

ut o

f str

uctu

ral

post

hole

Hou

se B

1

576

577

577

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

larg

e pa

ckin

g sto

ne in

clus

ions

. 0.2

8m

deep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

A3

577

576

Nat

.57

6O

val,

0.44

m x

0.3

5m x

0.2

8m d

eep,

st

eep

sides

, gra

dual

ly sl

oped

at w

est,

and

irreg

ular

, con

cave

bas

e

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

A1

578

579

579

1M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll w

ith o

cc.

larg

e pa

ckin

g sto

ne in

clus

ions

. 0.2

5m

deep

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B3

Bulk

soil:

161

579

578

Nat

.57

8D

-sha

ped,

0.3

1m x

0.2

5m x

0.2

5m

deep

with

ver

tical

side

s and

con

cave

ba

se

Cut

of s

truc

tura

l po

stho

leH

ouse

B1



99


Con

text

N

o.Fi

ll of

Fille

d w

ithSt

rat.

Abo

veSt

rat.

Belo

wBa

sic d

escr

iptio

nBa

sic in

terp

reta

tion

Stru

ctur

ePh

ase

Art

efac

tsSa

mpl

es

580

206

581

1Bl

ack,

sand

y sil

t with

occ

. bur

nt st

one

frag

men

t inc

lusio

ns. 0

.14m

dee

pU

pper

fill

of st

ruc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

C3

581

206

206

581

Ligh

t bro

wn,

cla

yey

sand

with

smal

l, fla

t pac

king

ston

es se

t on

edge

. 0.2

2m

deep

Pack

ing

fill o

f str

uc-

tura

l pos

thol

eH

ouse

C1

582

Nat

.1

Circ

ular

, 0.0

55m

dia

m.,

0.13

m d

eep;

st

eep

sides

, poi

nted

bas

e. M

id-b

row

n sil

ty sa

nd fi

ll

Cut

and

fill

of

stak

ehol

e in

(pos

sible

ha

bita

tion?

) gro

up G

Hou

se A

2?

583

461

461

584

Soft

, gre

y, sil

ty c

lay

with

occ

. sto

ne

incl

usio

nsLo

wer

fill

of 1

9th

cent

ury

field

bo

unda

ry

Hou

se B

3

584

461

583

1C

ompa

ct, l

ight

bro

wn,

sand

with

occ

. pe

bble

and

freq

uent

ston

e in

clus

ions

Upp

er fi

ll of

19t

h ce

ntur

y fie

ld

boun

dary

Hou

se B

3

585

565

565

566

No

deta

ils, b

ut fi

ll/s a

re sa

me/

simila

r as

fills

of 5

15Fi

ll of

ston

e lin

ed sl

ot

tren

chH

ouse

D3

586

572

572

1N

o de

tails

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

C3

587

573

573

1D

ark

brow

n, sa

ndy

silt

Fill

of p

it of

un-

know

n pu

rpos

eH

ouse

B3

588

575

575

1N

o de

tails

Fill

of st

ruct

ural

po

stho

leH

ouse

B3

Nat

.C

ompa

ct, m

id-o

rang

e/br

own,

sa

ndy

clay

?



100


12 Appendix 3 Find RegisterNMI Material Description04E1072:1:1 Flint Flake04E1072:1:2 Limestone Awl or point04E1072:1:3 Flint Flake04E1072:1:5 Stone Worked Stone04E1072:1:6 Stone Quern Stone Fragment04E1072:6:1 Flint Flake04E1072:61:1 Pottery Modern04E1072:61:2 Pottery Modern04E1072:160:8 Stone Split Packing Stones04E1072:325:1 Flint Flake04E1072:387:13 Stone Possible Quern Stone Fragment04E1072:450:1 Flint Flake04E1072:529:24 Stone Quern Stone Fragment



101


13 Appendix 4 Plant remains report

CharredplantremainsfromMitchelstown1,Co.Cork(04E1072)

ByPennyJohnston

13.1 Introduction

This report details the analysis of charred seeds from samples taken during excavation of a settlement site at Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork. No dateable artefacts were recovered during ex-cavation, but the three sub-circular houses were comparable to known roundhouses from the Middle to Late Bronze Age. The plant remains were predominantly from weed seeds but the small cereal assemblage (including primitive glume wheat and barley) is typical of material from Bronze Age sites.

13.2 Methodology

The samples were collected on site as bulk soil and were processed using a simple flotation method. Each sample was saturated in water to allow carbonised plant material to float; this “flot” (the floating material) was then poured into a stack of geological sieves and trapped in the sieve meshes (the smallest measured 250µm). When all the carbonised material was collected the flot was then air-dried in paper-lined drying trays prior to storage in airtight plastic bags. The samples were scanned under low-powered magnification and the results are presented in Table 1 at the end of this report. Sorting and identification of the flots was car-ried out using a low-powered binocular microscope (magnification x10 to x40) and identified seeds were separated and stored in sealed glass phials. Nomenclature and taxonomic order follows Stace (1997), although in order to facilitate easy reading of this text the scientific names are included only in the table of identified seeds presented at the end of this report (Table 2).

13.3 Results

Thirty-five samples were scanned and of these twenty-eight contained the charred remains of seeds, albeit in small quantities.



102


The samples from House A were C14 (SS7), C22 (SS9), C27 (SS11), C3 (SS12), C32 (SS14), C16 (SS18), C5 (SS21), C2 (SS23), C15 (SS27), C50 (SS28), C54 (SS31), C70 (SS39), C2 (SS42), C3 (SS46) and C8 (SS50). Nine of these contained charred seeds, including samples that were rich in the remains of weeds, in particular seeds from the Dock family. The iden-tifiable cereal grains were mostly from barley, but there was also chaff from a glume wheat (emmer or spelt) and there was a fragment of a wheat grain.

The samples from House B were C.371 (S100), C374 (SS103), C388 (SS104), C398 (SS110), C414 (SS119), C420 (SS123), C494 (SS137), C537 (SS151) and C560 (SS158). The charred plant remains from this house were found in six samples and they included some large quan-tities of seeds from the Dock family, as well as indeterminate cereal grains.

The samples from House C included C76 (SS45), C85 (SS47), C253 (SS80), C386 (SS109), C425 (SS120), C423 (SS121) and C514 (SS144). Only three of these contained charred seeds and there were no cereals from these deposits. The only plants found were some seeds from the Dock family and hazel nut shell fragments.

Three samples were taken from stakeholes C221 (SS77), C246 (SS79) and C258 (SS83) but no seeds were found in these deposits. There were also two other samples that were from mis-cellaneous contexts; C4 (SS20) and C253 (SS86). One of these included weed seeds, hazel nut shell fragments and cereal grains.

13.4 Discussion

The plant remains were predominantly weeds from the Dock Family; two hundred and fifty-five seeds of this type were recovered. Many have not been identified to genus or species level because they were either in a poor state of preservation and therefore further identification was impossible, or because these seeds have such a wide ecological platform that more de-tailed, time-consuming, identification was deemed unnecessary as it was unlikely to provide further information. Dock Family plants are hardy ruderals that colonise waste and dis-turbed ground, often growing in or around areas of human settlement. They can also grow as crop weeds, for example the seeds of Black bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus) which was found in some of the deposits at the site. This may explain the presence of some of the plant remains; they could have been brought to site as weeds associated with cereal crops. However, this is unlikely as they were not associated with crop-processing by-products (such as chaff fragments or other weed types). In addition, the Dock seeds were found in unusually large amounts, in particular given the paucity of other plant types, and they are spread throughout the contexts at the site. It is therefore possible that they were at the site because they were be-ing used as food. The seeds are edible and have been found in the gut contents of prehistoric



103


bog bodies in Denmark and Britain. They may have become charred because they were be-ing roasted as a flavour enhancement: the cultivated buckwheat is a near relation and this is frequently roasted prior to cooking.

Cereals from the samples included small amounts of barley and wheat. Where further iden-tification was possible it seems clear that these cereals were hulled varieties of barley and glume wheats (either emmer or spelt, most probably emmer as there are virtually no records of spelt in Ireland, where it does occur it is usually only as a stray find). There are only four grains of barley from the site and three of wheat; a discussion of their relative proportions and their economic and dietary importance is rendered void by the minute quantities that have been recovered. In general, both wheat and barley are recovered in Irish Early and Middle Bronze Age contexts, barley tends to be the most common cereal type recovered from the Late Bronze Age, although wheat is still found in small quantities.

Although the plant remains assemblage from this site is quite small, it provided consider-ably more information about the site than the samples from a Bronze Age site at Stagpark I (04E1120), where the archaeology was interpreted as the ephemeral remains of settlement. No samples produced the remains of charred seeds.

13.5 Non-TechnicalSummary

The samples from Mitchelstown 1 were predominantly weed seeds from the Dock Family. It is difficult to suggest plausible explanations for this unusual assemblage, there are no ethno-graphic parallels that could suggest why Dock Family seeds were more likely to come into contact with fire than any other types of seeds. However, we know that these seeds were used as food, and it is possible that these seeds were found in abundance at this site because they were collected as food. It is also possible that they were charred as a result of accidents during roasting, a possible means of flavour enhancement. The other seeds from the site included the remains of both wheat and barley grains although these were present in such small quantities that it was not possible to comment on their relative importance.

Penny Johnston

Thursday, 15 December 2005



104


13.6 References

Stace, C. A. 1997 New Flora of the British Isles (2nd edition) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Table 1: Scanned Soil Samples from Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork (04E1072)

Context S.S. No. Fraction Scanned

Cereals Weeds Charcoal Nuts/Fruit stones

2 23 100% Present Present 2 42 100% Present 3 12 100% Present 3 46 100% Present 4 20 100% Present Present Present 8 50 100% Present Present Present 14 7 100% Present Present 15 27 100% Present Present 16 18 100% Present Present 22 9 100% Present Present Present 26 11 100% Present Present 32 14 100% Present Present 50 28 100% Present 54 31 100% Present Present Present 58 21 100% Present Present 70 39 100% Present Present 76 45 100% Present Present 85 47 100% Present Present 420 123 100% Present 221 77 100% Present 246 79 100% Present 252 80 100% Present 253 86 100% Present Present 258 83 100% Present 371 100 100% Present Present Present 374 103 100% Present Present 390 104 100% Present 398 110 100% Present Present Present 414 119 100% Present Present 423 121 100% Present Present 425 120 100% Present 494 137 100% Present Present 514 144 100% Present Present 537 151 100% Present Present 560 158 100% Present



105


Tabl

e 2

: Cha

rred

Pla

nt R

emai

ns fr

om M

itche

lstow

n 1,

Co.

Cor

k (0

4E10

72)

Con

text

3249

485

423

439

853

770

371

374

514

5815

1641

414

854

2225

3Sa

mpl

e14

137

4712

120

110

151

3910

010

314

421

2718

119

750

319

86

Haz

el n

ut sh

ell f

ragm

ents

(Cor

y-lu

s ave

llana

)

2

1

1

Inde

term

inat

e nu

t she

ll fr

agm

ent

2

Fat h

en(C

heno

podi

um a

lbum

)

1

Inde

term

inat

e se

eds f

rom

the

Goo

sefo

ot

Fam

ily (C

heno

podi

acea

e)

1

Pale

per

sicar

ia(P

ersic

aria

lapa

thifo

lia)

2

1

12

Blac

k bi

ndw

eed

(Fal

lopi

a co

nvol

vulu

s)1

2

1

11

11

11

Prob

able

She

ep’s

sorr

el

(Rum

ex c

f ace

tosel

la)

1

1

1

2

1

2

Inde

term

inat

e se

eds f

rom

the

Kno

tgra

ss/

Doc

k Fa

mily

(P

olyg

onac

eae)

3

12

698

3913

45

2

1416

1

Cle

aver

s (G

aliu

m a

pari

ne)

1

Inde

term

inat

e w

eed

seed

s

1

6

1

41



106


Tabl

e 2

: Cha

rred

Pla

nt R

emai

ns fr

om M

itche

lstow

n 1,

Co.

Cor

k (0

4E10

72)

Con

text

3249

485

423

439

853

770

371

374

514

5815

1641

414

854

2225

3Sa

mpl

e14

137

4712

120

110

151

3910

010

314

421

2718

119

750

319

86

Hul

led

Barle

y gr

ains

(H

orde

um v

ulga

re)

3

Gra

ins o

f ind

eter

min

ate

Barle

y ty

pe

(Hor

deum

spec

ies)

1

Barle

y/W

heat

gra

ins (

Hor

deum

/Tr

iticu

m)

1

1

Emm

er/S

pelt

Whe

at g

lum

e ba

ses

(Tri

ticum

dico

ccum

/spelt

a)

1

Api

cal e

nd fr

om W

heat

gra

ins o

f in

dete

rmin

ate

type

(T

ritic

um sp

ecie

s)

1

Poss

ible

Whe

at g

rain

(c

f Tri

ticum

spec

ies)

1

Inde

term

inat

e ce

real

gra

ins (

Cer

alia

)

1

1

1

Frag

men

ts o

f ind

eter

min

ate

cere

al g

rain

s (C

eral

ia)

1

Inde

term

inat

e G

rass

seed

s (Po

acea

e)1

1



107


14 Appendix 5 Lithics Report & Catalogue

LithicsFindsReportfor04E1072–Mitchelstown

Introduction

The lithic assemblage from Mitchelstown consists of 22 pieces, one is made of limestone, five of which are made of flint and 16 of a sedimentary rock similar to limestone.

Condition:

With the exception of 04E1072:1:3, all flints are in fresh worked condition. 04E1072:1:3 is worked and slightly rolled. The limestone lithic (04E1072:1:2) survives in reasonably fresh, complete condition.The remaining 16 pieces are all natural lithics which show no sign of working.

Context:

Flints 4E1072:1:1-3 were recovered from topsoil, 04E1072:6:1 from the House Site A, 04E1072:325:1 from a stakehole associated with House Site C and 04E1072:450:1 from a pit associated with House Site B.

Technology:

The knapped assemblage consists of four flint flakes (04E1072:1:1, 04E1072:1:3, 04E1072:325:1 and 04E1072:450:1) and one flint spall (04E1072:6:1). All flakes are likely to have been pro-duced on small flint pebbles. Flake 04E1072:450:1 has a crushed platform which could be seen as indicative for the possible use of a soft stone or antler hammer as a percussor. None of the flakes is modified and two retain portions of cortex. The spall (04E1072:6:1) appears to be the result of excessive force used during removal, possibly while the core rested on an anvil.

The find 04E1072:1:2 is an awl-like or pin-like implement which was presumably shaped to a point through grinding.



108


Dating:

None of the lithics is diagnostic as regards their dating, but 04E1072:6:1, 04E1072:325:1 and 04E1072:450:1 are associated with House Sites A, C and B respectively therefore can be presumed to be contemporary.

The find 04E1072:1:2 can be regarded as unusual and a dating on morphological or techno-logical grounds is not possible. However, it is conceivable that it is contemporaneous with the Bronze Age settlement site it was recovered from.

Interpretation:

It is likely that all the flints in this assemblage represent waste products from lithic reduction associated with the Bronze Age settlement as none of them shows any traces of use wear or modification through retouch.

The single limestone lithic find from the excavation is an awl-like or pin-like implement which is associated with the excavated Bronze Age settlement, and therefore is probably to be dated to the Bronze Age.



109


Find

No.

Con

text

Mat

eria

lTy

peC

ond.

Leng

th

(mm

)W

idth

(m

m)

Thi

ckn.

(m

m)

Com

plet

eR

etou

chC

omm

ent

04E1

072:

1:1

Tops

oil

Flin

tFl

ake

Fres

h17

133

Yes

No

04E1

072:

1:2

surf

ace

find

Lim

esto

neAw

l/Po

int

Fres

h25

53

Yes

No

04E1

072:

1:3

Tops

oil

Flin

tFl

ake

Rol

led

1717

5Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:6:

1H

ouse

AFl

int

Spal

lFr

esh

203

3Ye

sN

opo

ssib

ly o

ne h

alf o

f sire

t fra

ctur

e04

E107

2:32

5:1

Stak

ehol

e H

ouse

CFl

int

Flak

eFr

esh

3016

4Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:45

0:1

Pit H

ouse

BFl

int

Flak

eFr

esh

2311

6N

oN

odi

stal

miss

ing;

cru

shed

pla

tform

04E1

072:

450:

2Pi

t Hou

se B

Lim

esto

neC

hunk

Nat

ural

4025

14Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:45

0:3

Pit H

ouse

BLi

mes

tone

Chu

nkN

atur

al19

1211

Yes

No

04E1

072:

450:

4Pi

t Hou

se B

Lim

esto

neC

hunk

Nat

ural

1716

6Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:45

0:5

Pit H

ouse

BLi

mes

tone

Chu

nkN

atur

al15

116

Yes

No

04E1

072:

450:

6Pi

t Hou

se B

Lim

esto

neC

hunk

Nat

ural

1113

6Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:45

0:7

Pit H

ouse

BLi

mes

tone

Chu

nkN

atur

al15

115

Yes

No

04E1

072:

450:

8Pi

t Hou

se B

Lim

esto

neC

hunk

Nat

ural

1911

8Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:45

0:9

Pit H

ouse

BLi

mes

tone

Chu

nkN

atur

al10

85

Yes

No

04E1

072:

450:

10Pi

t Hou

se B

Lim

esto

neC

hunk

Nat

ural

1310

7Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:45

0:11

Pit H

ouse

BLi

mes

tone

Chu

nkN

atur

al12

104

Yes

No

04E1

072:

450:

12Pi

t Hou

se B

Lim

esto

neC

hunk

Nat

ural

109

9Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:45

0:13

Pit H

ouse

BLi

mes

tone

Chu

nkN

atur

al10

86

Yes

No

04E1

072:

450:

14Pi

t Hou

se B

Lim

esto

neC

hunk

Nat

ural

106

6Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:45

0:15

Pit H

ouse

BLi

mes

tone

Spal

lN

atur

al13

63

Yes

No

04E1

072:

450:

16Pi

t Hou

se B

Lim

esto

neC

hunk

Nat

ural

86

5Ye

sN

o04

E107

2:45

0:17

Pit H

ouse

BLi

mes

tone

Spal

lN

atur

al7

42

Yes

No



110


15 Appendix 6 Cremated Bone

AShortNoteontheCrematedSkeletalRemainsfromMitchelstown,Co.Cork(04E1072)

LindaFibigerBA(Hons)MScMIAI

November2005

Only one sample was submitted for analysis. It included a single bone fragment, measuring 1.3 cm in maximum length and weighing less than one gram. The greyish-white colour of the remains indicated that they had been thoroughly burned. The bone was not diagnostic and could therefore not be positively identified as either animal or human bone.

C19 - Sample 3

Number of fragments: 1

Weight: < 1 g

Size: 1.4 cm

Colour: Greyish-White

Identification: Cortical bone



111


16 Appendix 7 Stones Catalogue

MitchelstownN804E1072StonesCatologue

Non-Rotary Quern Stone (04E1072:529:24) L. 421mm., Br. 310mm., W. 198mm. Portion of a sub-circular shaped stone. Concave faced.

Non-Rotary Quern Stone (04E1072:1:6) L. 430mm., Br. 254mm., W. 110mm. Half part of a oval-shaped quern. Concave faced with polished upper surface.

Possible Quern Stone (04E1072:387:13) L. 254mm., Br. 185mm., W. 40mm. Sub-rectan-gular flat-faced fragment, with a rounded side and smooth/polished upper surface.

Worked Stone? (04E1072:1:5) L. 112mm., Br. 86mm., W. 44mm. Rectangular shaped sand-stone, slightly hollowed on the top. Probably natural.

Packing Stones (04E1072:160:8) L. 198mm., Br. 133mm., W. 62mm. Sandstone deliber-ately split in two parts and used for packing a post-hole. Rectangular in shape, shrinks with a concave bend on one of the long sides.

Packing Stone (04E1072:421:21) L. 280mm., Br. 255mm., W. 130mm. Sandstone used for packing a post-hole. Sub-rectangular in shape, slightly rounded on the edge, with an irregular surface.



112


17 Appendix 8 Archive ContentSummary account of site archive 04E1072Type Description Quantity NotesContexts Area A Validated contexts from excavationArea BArea CPlans 1:100 plan (sheets)

1:50 plan (sheets)1:20 plan (sheets)

Sections 1:20 sections and profiles (Sheets)

MatricesPhotographsRegisters Context

PhotographDrawingFinds 1Samples



113


18 Appendix 9 Dissemination Strategy 04E1072PublicationsExcavations 2004 Text submitted January 2004 Publication pendingNRA publication Text submitted February 2006 Publication pendingPresentation Lecture given to Mitchelstown and Mallow Historical

Societies May & October 2005

Overview of the Scheme was given to the IAI conference in Cork

Jun-05

It is the right of Cork County Council (the Council) to fulfil some or all of the stated publication require-ments, either in part or in full, should it so decide, and that copyright is aggisned to the Council in order that it may make such information available to the public.It is the right of Cork County Council (the Council) to fulfil some or all of the stated presentation re-quirements, either in part or in full, should it so decide.



114


19 Appendix 10 Programme Schedule Dates & Deliveries 04E1072Phase 1 testing June 2004Phase 2 resolution Duration of excavation 3rd August-14th September 2004 Phase 3 post-excavationPostex Assessment & Stragegy Document submitted to Cork County Council March 2005Interim Excavation Report Report submitted to Cork County Council August 2005Final Excavation Report Report submitted to Cork County Council December 2007Publications Excavations 2004 Summary submitted January 2005NRA Monography Summary submitted to Cork County Council February 2006

Archaeological Report - Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork (Ireland)

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Transcript of Archaeological Report - Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork (Ireland)