Antibiotics
Defination
An antibiotic is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria. So often called as antibacterials.
History
The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman.
Penicillin, the first natural antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
Alexander Fleming
Why we use antibiotics?? Antibiotics are use to treat
infection caused by bacteria and protoza.
Such as :-• Illness.• Stomach infection.
Classification on the basis of action
bactericidal bacteriostatic
It kills bacteria directly.
For ex. Penicillin, monobactams, daptomycin, nitrofurantion, cephalosporin, vancomycin,
It prevents them from dividing.
For ex. Sulphonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erthryomycin, trimethoprim
Antibiotics
Dose – dependent Time – dependent
Antibiotic effect directly depends on their concentration in the locus of inflammation.
High dose 1 -2 times/24 hour.
Ex. Aminoglycosides
Effectiveness depends upon a period of time, during which concentration in blood overwhelms MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) for a particular causative agent
Ex. Beta- lactames
Antibiotics
Principles to choose
Presence of substantiated indications for prescription of an antibiotic.
Choosing of the most effective and the least toxic drug, in time administration
Introduction of optimal doses with optimal frequency, taking into consideration complexity of the disease
Estimation of duration of treatment Control after treatment Monitoring and prophylaxis of
negative side effects
Side effects
Adverse effects are fever and nausea
Including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis
Major are allergic reactions
AntibioticThere are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol should be avoided completely, because of serious side-effects. So its sensible to avoid it.
Antibiotics
Penicillin G Telethromycin
Brand name - Pentids
Used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease
Chemical formula - C16
H18N2O4S
Brand name – Ketek
Used for the treatment of Pneumonia
Chemical formula - C43H65N5O10
Penicillium G
Telethromycin
SUBMITTED BY – HARMANPREET KAUR(2951)SHONAM(2911)LAVISHA(2961)ZOOLOGY 1ST YEAR 1ST SECTION
Submitted to – Divyajyoti sir
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