Antibiotics

Defination

An antibiotic is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria. So often called as antibacterials.

History

The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman.

Penicillin, the first natural antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

Alexander Fleming

Why we use antibiotics?? Antibiotics are use to treat

infection caused by bacteria and protoza.

Such as :-• Illness.• Stomach infection.

Classification on the basis of action

bactericidal bacteriostatic

It kills bacteria directly.

For ex. Penicillin, monobactams, daptomycin, nitrofurantion, cephalosporin, vancomycin,

It prevents them from dividing.

For ex. Sulphonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erthryomycin, trimethoprim

Antibiotics

Dose – dependent Time – dependent

Antibiotic effect directly depends on their concentration in the locus of inflammation.

High dose 1 -2 times/24 hour.

Ex. Aminoglycosides

Effectiveness depends upon a period of time, during which concentration in blood overwhelms MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) for a particular causative agent

Ex. Beta- lactames

Antibiotics

Principles to choose

Presence of substantiated indications for prescription of an antibiotic.

Choosing of the most effective and the least toxic drug, in time administration

Introduction of optimal doses with optimal frequency, taking into consideration complexity of the disease

Estimation of duration of treatment Control after treatment Monitoring and prophylaxis of

negative side effects

Side effects

Adverse effects are fever and nausea

Including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis

Major are allergic reactions

AntibioticThere are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol should be avoided completely, because of serious side-effects. So its sensible to avoid it.

Antibiotics

Penicillin G Telethromycin

Brand name - Pentids

Used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease

Chemical formula - C16

H18N2O4S

Brand name – Ketek

Used for the treatment of Pneumonia

Chemical formula - C43H65N5O10

Penicillium G

Telethromycin

SUBMITTED BY – HARMANPREET KAUR(2951)SHONAM(2911)LAVISHA(2961)ZOOLOGY 1ST YEAR 1ST SECTION

Submitted to – Divyajyoti sir