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VII-28 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
110
0-H
14 S
hee
t, P
late
, Dra
wn
Tu
be
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
8.5 8
5.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
28
2.1
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
310
2.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
411
2.8
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
516
11.5
Sha
ded
bars
app
ly to
wel
d-af
fect
ed m
etal
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
611
7.5
For
tube
s w
ith c
ircum
fere
ntia
l wel
ds, S
ectio
ns 3
.4.1
0, 3
.4.1
2, a
nd
3.4.
16.1
app
ly fo
r R
b /
t < 2
0
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
07.
4 –
0.03
4 kL
/r14
451
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
1.9
– 0.
0045
kL/
r28
051
100
/(kL
/r)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
88
3.8
8.7
– 0.
224
b/t
1985
/(b
/t)
2.1
1.2
2.2
– 0.
027
b/t
3942
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
83.
88.
7 –
0.22
4 b
/t26
1970
/(b
/t)2
2.1
1.2
2.2
– 0
.027
b/t
5219
70 /(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
98
128.
7 –
0.07
0 b
/t62
271
/(b
/t)
2.1
3.7
2.2
– 0.
0086
b/t
125
135
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
86.
68.
6 –
0.27
5 √__
__
Rb/t
45
031
90 /
( Rb
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
2.1
2.6
2.2
– 0.
044
√____
Rb/t
13
8031
90 /
( Rb
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-34 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-5
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
Alc
lad
30
04-H
34 S
hee
t
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
14.5
1611
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
214
.54.
8
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
317
5.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
419
6.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
532
22S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
621
14.5
For
tube
s w
ith c
ircum
fere
ntia
l wel
ds, S
ectio
ns 3
.4.1
0, 3
.4.1
2, a
nd
3.4.
16.1
app
ly fo
r R
b /
t < 2
0
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
012
.3 –
0.0
74kL
/r11
251
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
4.5
– 0.
016
kL/r
185
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
812
.54.
014
.7 –
0.4
88b
/t15
110
/(b
/t)
4.8
3.3
5.2
– 0.
102
b/t
2566
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
12.5
4.0
14.7
– 0
.488
b/t
2019
70/(
b/t)
2
4.8
3.3
5.2
– 0.
102
b/t
3419
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
12.5
1314
.7 –
0.1
53b
/t48
352
/(b
/t)
4.8
105.
2 –
0.03
2b
/t81
209
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
12.5
7.4
14.2
– 0
.536
√____
Rb/t
28
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
4.8
5.4
5.2
– 0.
140
√____
Rb/t
80
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-36 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-6
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
5005
-H14
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
10.5
117.
5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
210
.53.
0
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
312
3.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
413
.53.
9W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
522
15S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
614
.510
.5F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
08.
6 –
0.04
3kL
/r13
351
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
2.7
– 0.
077
kL/r
236
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
89
3.9
10.2
– 0
.282
b/t
1892
/(b
/t)
3.0
2.3
3.1
– 0.
048
b/t
3351
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t24
1970
/(b
/t)2
3.0
2.3
3.1
– 0.
048
b/t
4319
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
912
10.2
– 0
.089
b/t
5829
3/(
b/t)
3.0
73.
1 –
0.01
5b
/t10
416
3/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
96.
910
.0 –
0.3
35 √__
__
Rb/t
39
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
3.0
3.9
3.2
– 0.
073
√____
Rb/t
10
7031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-38 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-7
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
5005
-H34
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
910
.57.
5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
29
3.0
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
310
.53.
5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
412
3.9
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
521
15S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
613
.510
.5F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
08.
0 –
0.03
9kL
/r13
851
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
2.7
– 0.
077
kL/r
236
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
88.
53.
89.
5 –
0.25
2b
/t19
89/(
b/t)
3.0
2.3
3.1
– 0.
048
b/t
3351
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
8.5
3.8
9.5
– 0.
252
b/t
2519
70/(
b/t)
2
3.0
2.3
3.1
– 0.
048
b/t
4319
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
8.5
129.
5 –
0.07
9b
/t60
282
/(b
/t)
3.0
73.
1 –
0.01
5b
/t10
416
3/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
8.5
6.8
9.3
– 0.
305
√____
Rb/t
42
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
3.0
3.9
3.2
– 0.
073
√____
Rb/t
10
7031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-40 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-8
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
5050
-H34
Sh
eet,
Dra
wn
Tu
be
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
12 139
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
212
3.6
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
314
4.3
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
416
4.7
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
526
18S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
617
12.5
For
tube
s w
ith c
ircum
fere
ntia
l wel
ds, S
ectio
ns 3
.4.1
0, 3
.4.1
2, a
nd
3.4.
16.1
app
ly fo
r R
b /
t < 2
0
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
010
.5 –
0.0
58kL
/r12
151
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
3.3
– 0.
010
kL/r
215
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
811
4.0
12.4
– 0
.380
b/t
1610
1/(
b/t)
3.6
2.7
3.8
– 0.
065
b/t
3056
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
80b
/t22
1970
/(b
/t)2
3.6
2.7
3.8
– 0.
065
b/t
3919
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1113
12.4
– 0
.119
b/t
5232
3/(
b/t)
3.6
8.7
3.8
– 0.
020
b/t
9417
9/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
117.
212
.1 –
0.4
32 √__
__
Rb/t
33
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
3.6
4.5
3.8
– 0.
094
√____
Rb/t
93
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-42 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-9
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
5052
-H32
Sh
eet,
Dra
wn
Tu
be
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
14 1613
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
214
6
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
316
6.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
418
7.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
532
26S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
621
17F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
012
.3 –
0.0
73kL
/r11
251
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
5.3
– 0.
021
kL/r
170
5160
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
812
.54.
014
.7 –
0.4
86b
/t15
111
/(b
/t)
63.
56.
2 –
0.13
4b
/t23
72/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
12.5
4.0
14.7
– 0
.486
b/t
2019
80/(
b/t)
2
63.
56.
2 –
0.13
4b
/t31
1980
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
12.5
1314
.7 –
0.1
52b
/t48
353
/(b
/t)
611
6.2
– 0.
042
b/t
7423
0/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
12.5
7.4
14.2
– 0
.535
√____
Rb/t
28
032
30/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
66.
06.
2 –
0.17
7 √__
__
Rb/t
73
032
30/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-44 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
0A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5052
-H34
Sh
eet,
Pla
te, D
raw
n T
ub
e
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
16 1713
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
216
6
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
318
6.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
420
7.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
535
26S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
623
17F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
014
.2 –
0.0
91kL
/r10
451
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
5.3
– 0.
021
kL/r
170
5160
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
814
.54.
017
.0 –
0.6
04b
/t14
119
/(b
/t)
63.
56.
2 –
0.13
4b
/t23
72/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
14.5
4.0
17.0
– 0
.604
b/t
1919
80/(
b/t)
2
63.
56.
2 –
0.13
4b
/t31
1980
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
14.5
1317
.0 –
0.1
90b
/t45
380
/(b
/t)
611
6.2
– 0.
042
b/t
7423
0/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
14.5
7.5
16.3
– 0
.644
√____
Rb/t
25
032
30/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
66.
06.
2 –
0.17
7 √__
__
Rb/t
73
032
30/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-46 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
1A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5083
-H11
1 E
xtru
sio
ns
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
14.5
2120
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
214
.59.
5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
317
11.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
419
12.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
541
40S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
627
27F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
012
.3 –
0.0
73kL
/r11
352
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
8.6
– 0.
043
kL/r
135
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
812
.54.
114
.7 –
0.4
81b
/t15
112
/(b
/t)
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
78b
/t18
93/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
12.5
4.1
14.7
– 0
.481
b/t
2020
20/(
b/t)
2
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
78b
/t24
2020
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
12.5
1314
.7 –
0.1
51b
/t49
357
/(b
/t)
913
10.2
– 0
.087
b/t
5829
7/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
12.5
7.5
14.2
– 0
.531
√____
Rb/t
29
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
97.
010
.0 –
0.3
32 √__
__
Rb/t
57
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-48 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
2A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5083
-H11
6, -
H32
, -H
321
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te(T
hic
knes
s 0.
188
to 1
.50
0 in
.)
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
19 2321
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
219
11
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
322
13
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
424
14W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
545
41S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
630
27F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
015
.5 –
0.1
02kL
/r10
152
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
10.5
– 0
.057
kL/r
123
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
816
4.1
18.5
– 0
.682
b/t
1412
6/(
b/t)
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t17
103
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
164.
118
.5 –
0.6
82b
/t18
2020
/(b
/t)2
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t22
2020
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1613
18.5
– 0
.214
b/t
4340
1/(
b/t)
1113
12.4
– 0
.117
b/t
5332
8/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
167.
717
.7 –
0.7
16 √__
__
Rb/t
23
532
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
117.
312
.1 –
0.4
28 √__
__
Rb/t
52
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-50 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
3A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5086
-H34
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te, D
raw
n T
ub
e
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
21 2318
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
221
8.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
324
10
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
427
11W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
545
36S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
630
24F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
019
.3 –
0.1
43kL
/r90
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
8.0
– 0.
038
kL/r
140
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
819
4.0
23.3
– 0
.960
b/t
1214
1/(
b/t)
8.5
3.9
9.5
– 0.
249
b/t
1990
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
194.
023
.3 –
0.9
60b
/t16
2020
/(b
/t)2
8.5
3.9
9.5
– 0.
249
b/t
2520
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1913
23.3
– 0
.301
b/t
3944
9/(
b/t)
8.5
129.
5 –
0.07
8b
/t61
286
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
197.
822
.1 –
0.9
58 √__
__
Rb/t
19
232
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
8.5
6.9
9.3
– 0.
302
√____
Rb/t
60
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-52 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
4A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5086
-H11
1 E
xtru
sio
ns
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
12.5
1818
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
212
.58.
5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
315
10
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
417
11W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
537
36S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
625
24F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
010
.5 –
0.0
57kL
/r12
352
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
7.4
– 0.
034
kL/r
146
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
811
4.0
12.4
– 0
.374
b/t
1710
3/(
b/t)
83.
98.
7 –
0.22
1b
/t20
86/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t22
2020
/(b
/t)2
83.
98.
7 –
0.22
1b
/t26
2020
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1113
12.4
– 0
.117
b/t
5332
8/(
b/t)
812
8.7
– 0.
069
b/t
6327
5/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
117.
312
.1 –
0.4
28 √__
__
Rb/t
34
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
86.
88.
6 –
0.27
2 √__
__
Rb/t
62
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-54 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
5A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5086
-H11
6, -
H32
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te50
86-H
32 D
raw
n T
ub
e
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
17 2118
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
217
8.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
320
10
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
422
11W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
541
36S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
627
24F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
015
.5 –
0.1
02kL
/r10
152
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
8.0
– 0.
038
kL/r
140
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
816
4.1
18.5
– 0
.682
b/t
1412
6/(
b/t)
8.5
3.9
9.5
– 0.
249
b/t
1990
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
164.
118
.5 –
0.6
82b
/t18
2020
/(b
/t)2
8.5
3.9
9.5
– 0.
249
b/t
2520
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1613
18.5
– 0
.214
b/t
4340
1/(
b/t)
8.5
129.
5 –
0.07
8b
/t61
286
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
167.
717
.7 –
0.7
16 √__
__
Rb/t
23
532
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
8.5
6.9
9.3
– 0.
302
√____
Rb/t
60
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-56 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
6A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5454
-H11
1 E
xtru
sio
ns
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
11.5 17
16
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
211
.57.
5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
313
.58.
5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
415
9.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
534
32S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
623
21F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
09.
2 –
0.04
7kL
/r13
152
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
6.2
– 0.
026
kL/r
159
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
89.
54.
010
.9 –
0.3
09b
/t18
97/(
b/t)
6.5
3.7
7.3
– 0.
168
b/t
2279
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
9.5
4.0
10.9
– 0
.309
b/t
2420
20/(
b/t)
2
6.5
3.7
7.3
– 0.
168
b/t
2920
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
9.5
1310
.9 –
0.0
97b
/t56
308
/(b
/t)
6.5
127.
3 –
0.05
3b
/t69
251
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
9.5
7.1
10.7
– 0
.363
√____
Rb/t
38
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
6.5
6.4
7.2
– 0.
216
√____
Rb/t
68
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-58 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
7A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5454
-H32
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
16 1816
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
216
7.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
318
8.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
420
9.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
537
32S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
625
21F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
014
.2 –
0.0
90kL
/r10
552
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
6.8
– 0.
030
kL/r
152
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
814
.54.
117
.0 –
0.5
98b
/t14
120
/(b
/t)
7.5
3.8
8.0
– 0.
194
b/t
2183
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
14.5
4.1
17.0
– 0
.598
b/t
1920
20/(
b/t)
2
7.5
3.8
8.0
– 0.
194
b/t
2820
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
14.5
1317
.0 –
0.1
88b
/t45
384
/(b
/t)
7.5
128.
0 –
0.06
1b
/t66
263
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
14.5
7.6
16.3
– 0
.640
√____
Rb/t
25
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
7.5
6.6
7.9
– 0.
243
√____
Rb/t
65
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-60 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
8A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5454
-H34
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
18 2016
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
218
7.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
321
8.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
423
9.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
540
32S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
627
21F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
016
.1 –
0.1
09kL
/r99
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
6.8
– 0.
030
kL/r
152
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
816
4.1
19.3
– 0
.726
b/t
1312
8/(
b/t)
7.5
3.8
8.0
– 0.
194
b/t
2183
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
164.
119
.3 –
0.7
26b
/t18
2020
/(b
/t)2
7.5
3.8
8.0
– 0.
194
b/t
2820
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1613
19.3
– 0
.228
b/t
4240
9/(
b/t)
7.5
128.
0 –
0.06
1b
/t66
263
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
167.
718
.5 –
0.7
55 √__
__
Rb/t
22
732
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
7.5
6.6
7.9
– 0.
243
√____
Rb/t
65
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-62 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
9A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5456
-H11
6, -
H32
, -H
321
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te(T
hic
knes
s 0.
188
to 1
.250
in.)
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
20 2422
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
220
11.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
323
13.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
426
15W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
547
43S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
631
29F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
016
.1 –
0.1
09kL
/r99
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
10.5
– 0
.057
kL/r
123
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
816
4.1
19.3
– 0
.726
b/t
1312
8/(
b/t)
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t17
103
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
164.
119
.3 –
0.7
26b
/t18
2020
/(b
/t)2
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t22
2020
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1613
19.3
– 0
.228
b/t
4240
9/(
b/t)
1113
12.4
– 0
.117
b/t
5332
8/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
167.
718
.5 –
0.7
55 √__
__
Rb/t
22
732
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
117.
312
.1 –
0.4
28 √__
__
Rb/t
52
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-64 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
0A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
6005
-T5
Ext
rusi
on
s u
p t
hro
ug
h 1
.00
0 in
. th
ick
6105
-T5
Ext
rusi
on
s u
p t
hro
ug
h 0
.50
0 in
. th
ick
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
21 1912
.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
219
8
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
324
9
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
428
10W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
539
25S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
626
16F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
020
.2 –
0.1
26kL
/r66
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
7.4
– 0.
034
kL/r
144
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
821
2.4
23.1
– 0
.787
b/t
1015
4/(
b/t)
83.
88.
7 –
0.22
4b
/t19
85/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
212.
423
.1 –
0.7
87b
/t12
1970
/(b
/t)2
83.
88.
7 –
0.22
4b
/t26
1970
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
217.
623
.1 –
0.2
47b
/t33
491
/(b
/t)
812
8.7
– 0.
070
b/t
6227
1/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
211.
422
.1 –
0.7
99 √__
__
Rb/t
14
131
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
86.
68.
6 –
0.27
5 √__
__
Rb/t
45
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-66 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
1A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
6061
-T6
Sh
eet,
-T65
1 P
late
up
th
rou
gh
4.0
00
in. t
hic
k60
61-T
6, -
T65
1 R
olle
d o
r C
old
Fin
ish
ed R
od
an
d B
ar60
61-T
6 D
raw
n T
ub
e
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
21 2212
.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
221
9
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
325
10.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
428
12W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
543
25S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to a
ll th
ickn
esse
s w
ith fi
llers
518
3, 5
356,
or
5556
and
thic
knes
ses
< 0
.375
in. w
ith fi
llers
404
3, 5
554,
or
5654
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
629
16F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
020
.2 –
0.1
26kL
/r66
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
8.6
– 0.
043
kL/r
133
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
821
2.4
23.1
– 0
.787
b/t
1015
4/(
b/t)
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t18
92/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
212.
423
.1 –
0.7
87b
/t12
1970
/(b
/t)2
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t24
1970
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
217.
623
.1 –
0.2
47b
/t33
491
/(b
/t)
912
10.2
– 0
.089
b/t
5829
3/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
211.
422
.1 –
0.7
99 √__
__
Rb/t
14
131
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
96.
910
.0 –
0.3
35 √__
__
Rb/t
39
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-68 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
2A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
6061
-T6
, -T
6510
, -T
6511
Ext
rusi
on
s60
61-T
6 S
tan
dar
d S
tru
ctu
ral S
hap
es, P
ipe
6351
-T5
Ext
rusi
on
s
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
21 1912
.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
219
9
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
324
10.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
428
12W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
539
25S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to a
ll th
ickn
esse
s w
ith fi
llers
518
3, 5
356,
or
5556
and
thic
knes
ses
< 0
.375
in. w
ith fi
llers
404
3, 5
554,
or
5654
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
626
16F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
020
.2 –
0.1
26kL
/r66
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
8.6
– 0.
043
kL/r
133
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
821
2.4
23.1
– 0
.787
b/t
1015
4/(
b/t)
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t18
92/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
212.
423
.1 –
0.7
87b
/t12
1970
/(b
/t)2
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t24
1970
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
217.
623
.1 –
0.2
47b
/t33
491
/(b
/t)
912
10.2
– 0
.089
b/t
5829
3/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
211.
422
.1 –
0.7
99 √__
__
Rb/t
14
131
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
96.
910
.0 –
0.3
35 √__
__
Rb/t
39
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-70 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
3A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
6063
-T5
Ext
rusi
on
s u
p t
hro
ug
h 0
.50
0 in
. th
ick
6063
-T52
Ext
rusi
on
s u
p t
hro
ug
h 1
.00
0 in
. th
ick
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
9.5
11.5
8.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
29.
54.
8
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
311
.55.
5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
412
.56.
5W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
523
17S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
mat
eria
l
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
615
11.5
For
tube
s w
ith c
ircum
fere
ntia
l wel
ds, S
ectio
ns 3
.4.1
0, 3
.4.1
2, a
nd
3.4.
16.1
app
ly fo
r R
b /
t < 2
0
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
08.
9 –
0.03
7kL
/r99
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
4.5
– 0.
016
kL/r
185
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
89.
51.
410
.0 –
0.2
25b
/t16
101
/(b
/t)
4.8
3.3
5.2
– 0.
102
b/t
2566
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
9.5
1.4
10.0
– 0
.225
b/t
1819
70/(
b/t)
2
4.8
3.3
5.2
– 0.
102
b/t
3419
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
9.5
4.6
10.0
– 0
.071
b/t
5032
3/(
b/t)
4.8
105.
2 –
0.03
2b
/t81
209
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
9.5
0.3
9.8
– 0.
271
√____
Rb/t
28
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
4.8
5.4
5.2
– 0.
140
√____
Rb/t
80
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-76 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
6A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
7005
-T53
Ext
rusi
on
s
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
27 2621
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
226
14.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
331
17
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
435
19W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
551
41S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
mat
eria
l
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
634
27F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
025
.1 –
0.1
71kL
/r60
5310
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
14.2
– 0
.089
kL/r
106
5310
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
826
2.6
28.8
– 1
.08
b/t
9.4
175
/(b
/t)
14.5
4.1
17.0
– 0
.596
b/t
1412
1/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
262.
628
.8 –
1.0
8b
/t11
2040
/(b
/t)2
14.5
4.1
17.0
– 0
.596
b/t
1920
40/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
268.
228
.8 –
0.3
37b
/t30
559
/(b
/t)
14.5
1317
.0 –
0.1
87b
/t45
386
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
261.
727
.4 –
1.0
5 √__
__
Rb/t
12
133
20/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
14.5
7.7
16.3
– 0
.638
√____
Rb/t
43
033
20/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
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