aluminium tabel - s123.pdf
21
VII-28 March 2006 Type of Stress Type of Member or Element Sec. 3.4. Allowable Stress Table 2-2 ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR BUILDING TYPE STRUCTURES 1100-H14 Sheet, Plate, Drawn Tube TENSION, axial Any tension member gross section net section 1 8.5 8 5.5 TENSION IN BEAMS, extreme fiber, net section Flat elements in uniform tension 2 8 2.1 Round or oval tubes 3 10 2.5 Flat elements in bending in their own plane, symmetric shapes 4 11 2.8 White bars apply to unwelded metal BEARING On rivets and bolts 5 16 11.5 Shaded bars apply to weld-affected metal On flat surfaces and pins and on bolts in slotted holes 6 11 7.5 For tubes with circumferential welds, Sections 3.4.10, 3.4.12, and 3.4.16.1 apply for R b / t < 20 Type of Stress Type of Member or Element Sec. 3.4. Allowable Stress, S < S 1 S 1 Allowable Stress, S 1 < S < S 2 S 2 Allowable Stress, S > S 2 COMPRESSION IN COLUMNS, axial All columns 7 – 0 7.4 – 0.034 kL/r 144 51100 /(kL/r) 2 – 0 1.9 – 0.0045 kL/r 280 51100 /(kL/r) 2 COMPRESSION IN COLUMN ELEMENTS, gross section Flat elements supported on one edge – columns buckling about a symmetry axis 8 8 3.8 8.7 – 0.224 b/t 19 85 /(b/t) 2.1 1.2 2.2 – 0.027 b/t 39 42 /(b/t) Flat elements supported on one edge – columns not buckling about a symmetry axis 8.1 8 3.8 8.7 – 0.224 b/t 26 1970 /(b/t) 2 2.1 1.2 2.2 – 0.027 b/t 52 1970 /(b/t) 2 Flat elements supported on both edges 9 8 12 8.7 – 0.070 b/t 62 271 /(b/t) 2.1 3.7 2.2 – 0.0086 b/t 125 135 /(b/t) Flat elements supported on one edge and with stiffener on other edge 9.1 see Part IA Section 3.4.9.1 Flat elements supported on both edges and with an intermediate stiffener 9.2 see Part IA Section 3.4.9.2 Curved elements supported on both edges 10 8 6.6 8.6 – 0.275 √ ____ R b /t 450 3190 / ( R b ___ t )( 1 + √ ____ R b /t _____ 35 ) 2 2.1 2.6 2.2 – 0.044 √ ____ R b /t 1380 3190 / ( R b ___ t )( 1 + √ ____ R b /t _____ 35 ) 2
-
Upload
haghelizadeh -
Category
Documents
-
view
56 -
download
0
description
Al
Transcript of aluminium tabel - s123.pdf
VII-28 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
110
0-H
14 S
hee
t, P
late
, Dra
wn
Tu
be
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
8.5 8
5.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
28
2.1
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
310
2.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
411
2.8
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
516
11.5
Sha
ded
bars
app
ly to
wel
d-af
fect
ed m
etal
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
611
7.5
For
tube
s w
ith c
ircum
fere
ntia
l wel
ds, S
ectio
ns 3
.4.1
0, 3
.4.1
2, a
nd
3.4.
16.1
app
ly fo
r R
b /
t < 2
0
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
07.
4 –
0.03
4 kL
/r14
451
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
1.9
– 0.
0045
kL/
r28
051
100
/(kL
/r)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
88
3.8
8.7
– 0.
224
b/t
1985
/(b
/t)
2.1
1.2
2.2
– 0.
027
b/t
3942
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
83.
88.
7 –
0.22
4 b
/t26
1970
/(b
/t)2
2.1
1.2
2.2
– 0
.027
b/t
5219
70 /(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
98
128.
7 –
0.07
0 b
/t62
271
/(b
/t)
2.1
3.7
2.2
– 0.
0086
b/t
125
135
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
86.
68.
6 –
0.27
5 √__
__
Rb/t
45
031
90 /
( Rb
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
2.1
2.6
2.2
– 0.
044
√____
Rb/t
13
8031
90 /
( Rb
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-34 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-5
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
Alc
lad
30
04-H
34 S
hee
t
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
14.5
1611
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
214
.54.
8
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
317
5.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
419
6.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
532
22S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
621
14.5
For
tube
s w
ith c
ircum
fere
ntia
l wel
ds, S
ectio
ns 3
.4.1
0, 3
.4.1
2, a
nd
3.4.
16.1
app
ly fo
r R
b /
t < 2
0
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
012
.3 –
0.0
74kL
/r11
251
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
4.5
– 0.
016
kL/r
185
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
812
.54.
014
.7 –
0.4
88b
/t15
110
/(b
/t)
4.8
3.3
5.2
– 0.
102
b/t
2566
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
12.5
4.0
14.7
– 0
.488
b/t
2019
70/(
b/t)
2
4.8
3.3
5.2
– 0.
102
b/t
3419
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
12.5
1314
.7 –
0.1
53b
/t48
352
/(b
/t)
4.8
105.
2 –
0.03
2b
/t81
209
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
12.5
7.4
14.2
– 0
.536
√____
Rb/t
28
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
4.8
5.4
5.2
– 0.
140
√____
Rb/t
80
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-36 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-6
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
5005
-H14
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
10.5
117.
5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
210
.53.
0
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
312
3.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
413
.53.
9W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
522
15S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
614
.510
.5F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
08.
6 –
0.04
3kL
/r13
351
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
2.7
– 0.
077
kL/r
236
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
89
3.9
10.2
– 0
.282
b/t
1892
/(b
/t)
3.0
2.3
3.1
– 0.
048
b/t
3351
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t24
1970
/(b
/t)2
3.0
2.3
3.1
– 0.
048
b/t
4319
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
912
10.2
– 0
.089
b/t
5829
3/(
b/t)
3.0
73.
1 –
0.01
5b
/t10
416
3/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
96.
910
.0 –
0.3
35 √__
__
Rb/t
39
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
3.0
3.9
3.2
– 0.
073
√____
Rb/t
10
7031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-38 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-7
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
5005
-H34
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
910
.57.
5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
29
3.0
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
310
.53.
5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
412
3.9
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
521
15S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
613
.510
.5F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
08.
0 –
0.03
9kL
/r13
851
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
2.7
– 0.
077
kL/r
236
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
88.
53.
89.
5 –
0.25
2b
/t19
89/(
b/t)
3.0
2.3
3.1
– 0.
048
b/t
3351
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
8.5
3.8
9.5
– 0.
252
b/t
2519
70/(
b/t)
2
3.0
2.3
3.1
– 0.
048
b/t
4319
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
8.5
129.
5 –
0.07
9b
/t60
282
/(b
/t)
3.0
73.
1 –
0.01
5b
/t10
416
3/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
8.5
6.8
9.3
– 0.
305
√____
Rb/t
42
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
3.0
3.9
3.2
– 0.
073
√____
Rb/t
10
7031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-40 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-8
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
5050
-H34
Sh
eet,
Dra
wn
Tu
be
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
12 139
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
212
3.6
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
314
4.3
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
416
4.7
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
526
18S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
617
12.5
For
tube
s w
ith c
ircum
fere
ntia
l wel
ds, S
ectio
ns 3
.4.1
0, 3
.4.1
2, a
nd
3.4.
16.1
app
ly fo
r R
b /
t < 2
0
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
010
.5 –
0.0
58kL
/r12
151
100
/(kL
/r)2
–0
3.3
– 0.
010
kL/r
215
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
811
4.0
12.4
– 0
.380
b/t
1610
1/(
b/t)
3.6
2.7
3.8
– 0.
065
b/t
3056
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
80b
/t22
1970
/(b
/t)2
3.6
2.7
3.8
– 0.
065
b/t
3919
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1113
12.4
– 0
.119
b/t
5232
3/(
b/t)
3.6
8.7
3.8
– 0.
020
b/t
9417
9/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
117.
212
.1 –
0.4
32 √__
__
Rb/t
33
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
3.6
4.5
3.8
– 0.
094
√____
Rb/t
93
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-42 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-9
AL
LOW
AB
LE
ST
RE
SS
ES
FO
R
BU
ILD
ING
TY
PE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
5052
-H32
Sh
eet,
Dra
wn
Tu
be
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
14 1613
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
214
6
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
316
6.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
418
7.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
532
26S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
621
17F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
012
.3 –
0.0
73kL
/r11
251
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
5.3
– 0.
021
kL/r
170
5160
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
812
.54.
014
.7 –
0.4
86b
/t15
111
/(b
/t)
63.
56.
2 –
0.13
4b
/t23
72/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
12.5
4.0
14.7
– 0
.486
b/t
2019
80/(
b/t)
2
63.
56.
2 –
0.13
4b
/t31
1980
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
12.5
1314
.7 –
0.1
52b
/t48
353
/(b
/t)
611
6.2
– 0.
042
b/t
7423
0/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
12.5
7.4
14.2
– 0
.535
√____
Rb/t
28
032
30/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
66.
06.
2 –
0.17
7 √__
__
Rb/t
73
032
30/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-44 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
0A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5052
-H34
Sh
eet,
Pla
te, D
raw
n T
ub
e
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
16 1713
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
216
6
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
318
6.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
420
7.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
535
26S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
623
17F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
014
.2 –
0.0
91kL
/r10
451
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
5.3
– 0.
021
kL/r
170
5160
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
814
.54.
017
.0 –
0.6
04b
/t14
119
/(b
/t)
63.
56.
2 –
0.13
4b
/t23
72/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
14.5
4.0
17.0
– 0
.604
b/t
1919
80/(
b/t)
2
63.
56.
2 –
0.13
4b
/t31
1980
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
14.5
1317
.0 –
0.1
90b
/t45
380
/(b
/t)
611
6.2
– 0.
042
b/t
7423
0/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
14.5
7.5
16.3
– 0
.644
√____
Rb/t
25
032
30/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
66.
06.
2 –
0.17
7 √__
__
Rb/t
73
032
30/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-46 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
1A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5083
-H11
1 E
xtru
sio
ns
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
14.5
2120
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
214
.59.
5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
317
11.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
419
12.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
541
40S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
627
27F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
012
.3 –
0.0
73kL
/r11
352
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
8.6
– 0.
043
kL/r
135
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
812
.54.
114
.7 –
0.4
81b
/t15
112
/(b
/t)
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
78b
/t18
93/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
12.5
4.1
14.7
– 0
.481
b/t
2020
20/(
b/t)
2
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
78b
/t24
2020
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
12.5
1314
.7 –
0.1
51b
/t49
357
/(b
/t)
913
10.2
– 0
.087
b/t
5829
7/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
12.5
7.5
14.2
– 0
.531
√____
Rb/t
29
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
97.
010
.0 –
0.3
32 √__
__
Rb/t
57
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-48 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
2A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5083
-H11
6, -
H32
, -H
321
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te(T
hic
knes
s 0.
188
to 1
.50
0 in
.)
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
19 2321
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
219
11
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
322
13
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
424
14W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
545
41S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
630
27F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
015
.5 –
0.1
02kL
/r10
152
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
10.5
– 0
.057
kL/r
123
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
816
4.1
18.5
– 0
.682
b/t
1412
6/(
b/t)
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t17
103
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
164.
118
.5 –
0.6
82b
/t18
2020
/(b
/t)2
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t22
2020
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1613
18.5
– 0
.214
b/t
4340
1/(
b/t)
1113
12.4
– 0
.117
b/t
5332
8/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
167.
717
.7 –
0.7
16 √__
__
Rb/t
23
532
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
117.
312
.1 –
0.4
28 √__
__
Rb/t
52
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-50 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
3A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5086
-H34
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te, D
raw
n T
ub
e
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
21 2318
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
221
8.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
324
10
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
427
11W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
545
36S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
630
24F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
019
.3 –
0.1
43kL
/r90
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
8.0
– 0.
038
kL/r
140
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
819
4.0
23.3
– 0
.960
b/t
1214
1/(
b/t)
8.5
3.9
9.5
– 0.
249
b/t
1990
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
194.
023
.3 –
0.9
60b
/t16
2020
/(b
/t)2
8.5
3.9
9.5
– 0.
249
b/t
2520
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1913
23.3
– 0
.301
b/t
3944
9/(
b/t)
8.5
129.
5 –
0.07
8b
/t61
286
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
197.
822
.1 –
0.9
58 √__
__
Rb/t
19
232
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
8.5
6.9
9.3
– 0.
302
√____
Rb/t
60
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-52 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
4A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5086
-H11
1 E
xtru
sio
ns
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
12.5
1818
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
212
.58.
5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
315
10
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
417
11W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
537
36S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
625
24F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
010
.5 –
0.0
57kL
/r12
352
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
7.4
– 0.
034
kL/r
146
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
811
4.0
12.4
– 0
.374
b/t
1710
3/(
b/t)
83.
98.
7 –
0.22
1b
/t20
86/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t22
2020
/(b
/t)2
83.
98.
7 –
0.22
1b
/t26
2020
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1113
12.4
– 0
.117
b/t
5332
8/(
b/t)
812
8.7
– 0.
069
b/t
6327
5/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
117.
312
.1 –
0.4
28 √__
__
Rb/t
34
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
86.
88.
6 –
0.27
2 √__
__
Rb/t
62
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-54 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
5A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5086
-H11
6, -
H32
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te50
86-H
32 D
raw
n T
ub
e
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
17 2118
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
217
8.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
320
10
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
422
11W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
541
36S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
627
24F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
015
.5 –
0.1
02kL
/r10
152
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
8.0
– 0.
038
kL/r
140
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
816
4.1
18.5
– 0
.682
b/t
1412
6/(
b/t)
8.5
3.9
9.5
– 0.
249
b/t
1990
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
164.
118
.5 –
0.6
82b
/t18
2020
/(b
/t)2
8.5
3.9
9.5
– 0.
249
b/t
2520
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1613
18.5
– 0
.214
b/t
4340
1/(
b/t)
8.5
129.
5 –
0.07
8b
/t61
286
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
167.
717
.7 –
0.7
16 √__
__
Rb/t
23
532
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
8.5
6.9
9.3
– 0.
302
√____
Rb/t
60
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-56 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
6A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5454
-H11
1 E
xtru
sio
ns
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
11.5 17
16
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
211
.57.
5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
313
.58.
5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
415
9.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
534
32S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
623
21F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
09.
2 –
0.04
7kL
/r13
152
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
6.2
– 0.
026
kL/r
159
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
89.
54.
010
.9 –
0.3
09b
/t18
97/(
b/t)
6.5
3.7
7.3
– 0.
168
b/t
2279
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
9.5
4.0
10.9
– 0
.309
b/t
2420
20/(
b/t)
2
6.5
3.7
7.3
– 0.
168
b/t
2920
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
9.5
1310
.9 –
0.0
97b
/t56
308
/(b
/t)
6.5
127.
3 –
0.05
3b
/t69
251
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
9.5
7.1
10.7
– 0
.363
√____
Rb/t
38
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
6.5
6.4
7.2
– 0.
216
√____
Rb/t
68
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-58 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
7A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5454
-H32
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
16 1816
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
216
7.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
318
8.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
420
9.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
537
32S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
625
21F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
014
.2 –
0.0
90kL
/r10
552
600
/(kL
/r)2
–0
6.8
– 0.
030
kL/r
152
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
814
.54.
117
.0 –
0.5
98b
/t14
120
/(b
/t)
7.5
3.8
8.0
– 0.
194
b/t
2183
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
14.5
4.1
17.0
– 0
.598
b/t
1920
20/(
b/t)
2
7.5
3.8
8.0
– 0.
194
b/t
2820
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
14.5
1317
.0 –
0.1
88b
/t45
384
/(b
/t)
7.5
128.
0 –
0.06
1b
/t66
263
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
14.5
7.6
16.3
– 0
.640
√____
Rb/t
25
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
7.5
6.6
7.9
– 0.
243
√____
Rb/t
65
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-60 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
8A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5454
-H34
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
18 2016
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
218
7.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
321
8.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
423
9.5
Whi
te b
ars
appl
y to
unw
elde
d m
etal
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
540
32S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
627
21F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
016
.1 –
0.1
09kL
/r99
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
6.8
– 0.
030
kL/r
152
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
816
4.1
19.3
– 0
.726
b/t
1312
8/(
b/t)
7.5
3.8
8.0
– 0.
194
b/t
2183
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
164.
119
.3 –
0.7
26b
/t18
2020
/(b
/t)2
7.5
3.8
8.0
– 0.
194
b/t
2820
20/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1613
19.3
– 0
.228
b/t
4240
9/(
b/t)
7.5
128.
0 –
0.06
1b
/t66
263
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
167.
718
.5 –
0.7
55 √__
__
Rb/t
22
732
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
7.5
6.6
7.9
– 0.
243
√____
Rb/t
65
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-62 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-1
9A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
5456
-H11
6, -
H32
, -H
321
Sh
eet
and
Pla
te(T
hic
knes
s 0.
188
to 1
.250
in.)
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
20 2422
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
220
11.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
323
13.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
426
15W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
547
43S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
631
29F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
016
.1 –
0.1
09kL
/r99
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
10.5
– 0
.057
kL/r
123
5260
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
816
4.1
19.3
– 0
.726
b/t
1312
8/(
b/t)
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t17
103
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
164.
119
.3 –
0.7
26b
/t18
2020
/(b
/t)2
114.
012
.4 –
0.3
74b
/t22
2020
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
1613
19.3
– 0
.228
b/t
4240
9/(
b/t)
1113
12.4
– 0
.117
b/t
5332
8/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
167.
718
.5 –
0.7
55 √__
__
Rb/t
22
732
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
117.
312
.1 –
0.4
28 √__
__
Rb/t
52
032
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-64 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
0A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
6005
-T5
Ext
rusi
on
s u
p t
hro
ug
h 1
.00
0 in
. th
ick
6105
-T5
Ext
rusi
on
s u
p t
hro
ug
h 0
.50
0 in
. th
ick
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
21 1912
.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
219
8
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
324
9
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
428
10W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
539
25S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
met
al
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
626
16F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
020
.2 –
0.1
26kL
/r66
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
7.4
– 0.
034
kL/r
144
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
821
2.4
23.1
– 0
.787
b/t
1015
4/(
b/t)
83.
88.
7 –
0.22
4b
/t19
85/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
212.
423
.1 –
0.7
87b
/t12
1970
/(b
/t)2
83.
88.
7 –
0.22
4b
/t26
1970
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
217.
623
.1 –
0.2
47b
/t33
491
/(b
/t)
812
8.7
– 0.
070
b/t
6227
1/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
211.
422
.1 –
0.7
99 √__
__
Rb/t
14
131
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
86.
68.
6 –
0.27
5 √__
__
Rb/t
45
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-66 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
1A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
6061
-T6
Sh
eet,
-T65
1 P
late
up
th
rou
gh
4.0
00
in. t
hic
k60
61-T
6, -
T65
1 R
olle
d o
r C
old
Fin
ish
ed R
od
an
d B
ar60
61-T
6 D
raw
n T
ub
e
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
21 2212
.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
221
9
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
325
10.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
428
12W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
543
25S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to a
ll th
ickn
esse
s w
ith fi
llers
518
3, 5
356,
or
5556
and
thic
knes
ses
< 0
.375
in. w
ith fi
llers
404
3, 5
554,
or
5654
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
629
16F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
020
.2 –
0.1
26kL
/r66
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
8.6
– 0.
043
kL/r
133
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
821
2.4
23.1
– 0
.787
b/t
1015
4/(
b/t)
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t18
92/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
212.
423
.1 –
0.7
87b
/t12
1970
/(b
/t)2
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t24
1970
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
217.
623
.1 –
0.2
47b
/t33
491
/(b
/t)
912
10.2
– 0
.089
b/t
5829
3/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
211.
422
.1 –
0.7
99 √__
__
Rb/t
14
131
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
96.
910
.0 –
0.3
35 √__
__
Rb/t
39
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-68 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
2A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
6061
-T6
, -T
6510
, -T
6511
Ext
rusi
on
s60
61-T
6 S
tan
dar
d S
tru
ctu
ral S
hap
es, P
ipe
6351
-T5
Ext
rusi
on
s
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
21 1912
.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
219
9
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
324
10.5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
428
12W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
539
25S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to a
ll th
ickn
esse
s w
ith fi
llers
518
3, 5
356,
or
5556
and
thic
knes
ses
< 0
.375
in. w
ith fi
llers
404
3, 5
554,
or
5654
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
626
16F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
020
.2 –
0.1
26kL
/r66
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
8.6
– 0.
043
kL/r
133
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
821
2.4
23.1
– 0
.787
b/t
1015
4/(
b/t)
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t18
92/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
212.
423
.1 –
0.7
87b
/t12
1970
/(b
/t)2
93.
910
.2 –
0.2
82b
/t24
1970
/(b
/t)2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
217.
623
.1 –
0.2
47b
/t33
491
/(b
/t)
912
10.2
– 0
.089
b/t
5829
3/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
211.
422
.1 –
0.7
99 √__
__
Rb/t
14
131
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
96.
910
.0 –
0.3
35 √__
__
Rb/t
39
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-70 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
3A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
6063
-T5
Ext
rusi
on
s u
p t
hro
ug
h 0
.50
0 in
. th
ick
6063
-T52
Ext
rusi
on
s u
p t
hro
ug
h 1
.00
0 in
. th
ick
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
9.5
11.5
8.5
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
29.
54.
8
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
311
.55.
5
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
412
.56.
5W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
523
17S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
mat
eria
l
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
615
11.5
For
tube
s w
ith c
ircum
fere
ntia
l wel
ds, S
ectio
ns 3
.4.1
0, 3
.4.1
2, a
nd
3.4.
16.1
app
ly fo
r R
b /
t < 2
0
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
08.
9 –
0.03
7kL
/r99
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
4.5
– 0.
016
kL/r
185
5110
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
89.
51.
410
.0 –
0.2
25b
/t16
101
/(b
/t)
4.8
3.3
5.2
– 0.
102
b/t
2566
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
9.5
1.4
10.0
– 0
.225
b/t
1819
70/(
b/t)
2
4.8
3.3
5.2
– 0.
102
b/t
3419
70/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
9.5
4.6
10.0
– 0
.071
b/t
5032
3/(
b/t)
4.8
105.
2 –
0.03
2b
/t81
209
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
9.5
0.3
9.8
– 0.
271
√____
Rb/t
28
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
4.8
5.4
5.2
– 0.
140
√____
Rb/t
80
031
90/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
VII-76 March 2006
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le S
tres
sTa
ble
2-2
6A
LLO
WA
BL
E S
TR
ES
SE
S F
OR
B
UIL
DIN
G T
YP
E S
TR
UC
TU
RE
S
7005
-T53
Ext
rusi
on
s
TE
NS
ION
, axi
alA
ny te
nsio
n m
embe
rgr
oss
sect
ion
net s
ectio
n1
27 2621
TE
NS
ION
IN
BE
AM
S,
extr
eme
fiber
, ne
t sec
tion
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
uni
form
tens
ion
226
14.5
Rou
nd o
r ov
al tu
bes
331
17
Fla
t ele
men
ts in
ben
ding
in th
eir
own
plan
e,
sym
met
ric s
hape
s
435
19W
hite
bar
s ap
ply
to u
nwel
ded
met
al
BE
AR
ING
On
rivet
s an
d bo
lts
551
41S
hade
d ba
rs a
pply
to w
eld-
affe
cted
mat
eria
l
On
flat s
urfa
ces
and
pins
and
on
bolts
in s
lotte
d ho
les
634
27F
or tu
bes
with
circ
umfe
rent
ial w
elds
, Sec
tions
3.4
.10,
3.4
.12,
and
3.
4.16
.1 a
pply
for
Rb
/ t <
20
Typ
e o
f S
tres
sTy
pe
of
Mem
ber
or
Ele
men
tS
ec.
3.4.
Allo
wab
le
Str
ess,
S <
S1
S1
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,S
1 <
S <
S2
S2
Allo
wab
le S
tres
s,
S >
S2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
NS
, ax
ial
All
colu
mns
7–
025
.1 –
0.1
71kL
/r60
5310
0/(
kL/r
)2
–0
14.2
– 0
.089
kL/r
106
5310
0/(
kL/r
)2
CO
MP
RE
SS
ION
IN
CO
LUM
N
ELE
ME
NT
S,
gros
s se
ctio
n
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
826
2.6
28.8
– 1
.08
b/t
9.4
175
/(b
/t)
14.5
4.1
17.0
– 0
.596
b/t
1412
1/(
b/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edge
–
colu
mns
not
buc
klin
g ab
out a
sym
met
ry a
xis
8.1
262.
628
.8 –
1.0
8b
/t11
2040
/(b
/t)2
14.5
4.1
17.0
– 0
.596
b/t
1920
40/(
b/t)
2
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
9
268.
228
.8 –
0.3
37b
/t30
559
/(b
/t)
14.5
1317
.0 –
0.1
87b
/t45
386
/(b
/t)
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
one
edg
e an
d w
ith
stiff
ener
on
othe
r ed
ge
9.1
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.1
Fla
t ele
men
ts s
uppo
rted
on
both
edg
es
and
with
an
inte
rmed
iate
stif
fene
r
9.2
see
Par
t IA
Sec
tion
3.4.
9.2
Cur
ved
elem
ents
sup
port
ed o
n bo
th e
dges
10
261.
727
.4 –
1.0
5 √__
__
Rb/t
12
133
20/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
14.5
7.7
16.3
– 0
.638
√____
Rb/t
43
033
20/ ( R
b
___ t
) ( 1 +
√__
__
Rb/t
_
__
__
35
) 2
