SHIJO.T.DANIELS5 MECHANICAL
ROLL NO : 859REG NO : 11020125
OUTLINEIntroductionHistoryCruise controlAdaptive cruise control (ACC)components of ACCWorkingAcceleration & DecelerationControlling ACCDealing with switches
FeaturesAdvantagesLimitationsFuture aspectsACC used vehiclesConclusionReferences
INTRODUCTIONIncreased accident rate
Factors
Need o0f intelligent vehicles
Invention of Cruise control
HISTORY1910 speed control with centrifugal
governorModern cruise control - Ralph Teetor-1945
First car in 1958
Started in cars from 1974
CRUISE CONTROLCruise control - automatically controls
the speed of a motor vehicle.
Also known as speed control or auto cruise.
Adjusting the throttle position to maintain a speed set by the driver
ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL(ACC)
Advanced version Keeps at steady speedUsing sensors for detectionKeeps safe distanceIntelligent controlCollision avoidance system
MAIN COMPONENTS ACC
Switches and pedals
Processor or mini computer
Sensor
Electronic vacuum actuator
WORKING OF ACCSwitch on ACC.Set speed.Sensors detects vehicle ahead.Decelerate to ahead vehicle speed.Keeps safe distanceCollision avoidance system
When the danger of a collision is detected, it provides a red warning light that flashes on the windshield.
The system provides an audible
alert when it senses a reduction in traffic speed in vehicles ahead.
ACCELARATION & DECELARATIONACC AcceleratorActuator controls the throttle
CONTROL OF ACCBRAIN: Mini computer.Senses throttle position.Senses accelerator position.Adjust throttleSenses ahead vehicles
LIDAR is Light Detection And Ranging. A laser diode was used to generate the
light signal.RADAR is Radio Detection And Ranging It is operated by radiating energy into
space and detecting the echo signal reflected from target
While RADAR target is the car’s rear
spoiler the stereo camera is constantly captures all objects in its field of view.
It includes millimeter wave radar linked to a 640x480 pixel stereo camera
Sensing and controlling process
CONTROLLER
Car with fusion sensor arrangement
Car with fusion sensor arrangement
ACC COMPONANTS IN A CAR
DEALING WITH SWITCHES
FEATURESMaintains a safe, comfortable distance
between vehicles without driver interventions
Maintains a consistent performance in poor visibility conditions.
Maintains a continuous performance during road turns and elevation changes
Alerts drivers by way of automatic braking.
ADVANTAGESIt’s very useful for long driving.The driver is relieved from the task of
careful acceleration, deceleration and braking in congested traffics.
Can avoid unconsciously violating speed limits.
Reduction in accident rate.Reduction in driver fatigue.Increased fuel efficiency.
DISADVANTAGES
CostNot for heavy trafficDangerous in slippery roadsEncourages the driver to become
careless.The ACC systems not respond directly to
the traffic signals.
FUTURE ASPECTSCo-Cooperative Adaptive cruise control or
CACC is already being tested in California .
ACC respond to the distance and speed of the car ahead ,CACC communicate with two or more cars and work together to avoid collision.
Communication is quicker, reliable and responsive.
ACC EQUIPED VEHICLESFord fusion seriesJaguarMercedes Benz VolkswagenAudiChevrolet cruze (India)
CONCLUSIONCurrent system ranges 150 meters can stop
and slows if any obstructionFully autonomous car is probably not viable
in the foreseen future.Near by vehicles would be in constant
communication with each other and act co-operatively.
It will probably take decades, but car accidents may eventually become almost as rare as plane crashes are now.
REFFERENCE1. University of Michigan (July 12, 2004). U-M
physicist: Smart cruise control eliminates traffic jams. Press release.
2. L. C. Davis (2004). "Effect of adaptive cruise control systems on traffic flow". Physical Review Letters E 69 (6): 066110 (article ID; no page reference).
3. CY Liang, H Peng (1999). "Optimal Adaptive Cruise Control with Guaranteed String Stability". Vehicle System Dynamics 32 (4-5): 313-330.
4. P Venhovens, K Naab, B Adiprasito (2000). "Stop and Go Cruise Control". Proc. FISITA World Automotive Congress, Seoul, Korea.
5. L. C. Davis, “Effect of adaptive cruise control systems on traffic flow” Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA The American Physical Society (Received 27 October 2003; revised 22 January 2004; published 4 June 2004)
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