500 B.C.E – A.D. 500
The student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. in terms of it’s impact on Western civilization by: Assessing the influence of
geography on Roman economic, social, and political development
Explaining the social structure and role of slavery, significance of citizenship, and the development of democratic features in the government of the Roman Republic
Sequencing events leading to the Roman military domination of the Mediterranean Basin and Western Europe and the spread of Roman culture in these areas
Essential Questions: How was geographic location
important to economic, social, and political development of ancient Rome?
How did the government of the Roman Republic become more democratic?
Why was Rome able to conquer Carthage and then go on to extend its influence across the entire Mediterranean basin and much of Western Europe?
Cities Rome Alexandria Antioch Byzantium Carthage
Seas Mediterranean Black
Mountains Carpathian Mountains
Rivers Po Tiber Nile Danube Rhine
Questions:What are the
advantages of Rome’s location?
What are the disadvantages of Rome’s location?
Features Boot-shaped Peninsula
Sea access Italian Peninsula
Apennine Mountains Successful agriculture
Alps Mountains Located North of Rome
Advantages Easy movement Alps Mountains offered
protection Sea access
Located in the center of the Mediterranean
Sea-borne commerce
Disadvantages Limited land Few resources
Objectives:6.1a To describe how geography influenced Rome’s
development6.1b What were the major features of the Roman
RepublicTo describe how the Punic Wars helped increase
Roman power
First settlers were prehistoric
Three main groups of Earliest settlersLatinsGreeksEtruscans
1000 to 500 B.C.E.Latins
Farmers, SheppardsWandered from Alps around
1000 B.C.E.Settled on Tiber River in
Latium, built original RomeSettlement on Palatine Hill1st Romans
Greeks750- 500 B.C.E.
settled Sicily and southern Italy
Prosperous cities and commercially active
Brought into contact with Greek civilization
Copied Greek Gods and legends
EtruscansNative to
Northern ItalySkilled
metalworkers and engineers
Influenced Roman civilizationwriting system =
Roman alphabetArchitecture = use
of the ArchEtruscan rituals to
win favor of Gods
Etruscan Kings600 B.C.E. 1st Etruscan
becomes kingHilltop villages grow to
massive city that covered 500 square miles
Ordered temples and the Forum to be built
Last king Tarquin the ProudHarsh tyrantOverthrown in 509 B.C.E.
Rise of the RepublicRomans never wanted a
king againEstablished a new
governmentA republic
Power rests with citizens who have sole right to elect leaders
Political GroupsPatricians
Aristocratic landownersPowerful nobility
Held most powerInherited power and
statusPlebeians
Common farmers, artisans, and merchantsMajority of population
Citizens of RomeBarred by law from
holding most government offices
Formed TribunesRepresentatives Protected Plebeian rights
SlavesNot based on race
Often military prisoners
Twelve TablesPlebeian forced
written law451 B.C.E.Established that
all free citizens had right of the protection of law
“balanced” government Had the best features of
monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy
Consuls “monarchy” branch Elected 2 Commanded army Directed government Term only 1 year, could not
be reelected for 10 years Could veto each other
Senate “aristocratic” branch Legislative and
administrative functions 300 members Membership for life
Assemblies Citizen-soldiers Plebeian controlled Centuriate and Tribal
Dictator Appointed in times of crisis Absolute power Only lasted 6 months Chosen by consuls, elected by
senate
Who could be citizens?Males onlyPatriciansPlebeiansSelected ForeignersNOT SLAVES
Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
Pay taxesServe in the military
All citizens who owned land required to serve in army
To secure certain public offices 10 years in army required
Organized into legionsEach legion had 5,000
infantry and calvaryBattle strategy:
Three lines1st: youngest and strongest3rd: most disciplined
Each legion divided into centuries of 80 men
Conquering ItalyDominated peninsula by
4th century B.C.E.390 B.C.E attacked by
the Gauls, sacked RomeRomans quickly rebuilt
and established controlDefeated Etruscans and
Greek city-statesThree categories for
subdued territoryLatins
Full citizensTerritories farther from
RomeNo right to vote
Everyone elseAllies of Rome
Commercial NetworksRoman merchants
moved by land and sea Traded Roman wine and
olive oilRome and Carthage
competed for tradeWar
Carthage, a power Phoenician colony fought for trading control
264-146 B.C.E. = three wars
1st Punic Warlasted 23 yearsControl of SicilyCarthage defeated
2nd Punic War218 B.C.E.Hannibal
Invaded Italy, 10 yearsBattle of Cannae, 216
B.C.E.Scipio attacked Carthage202 B.C.E. Hannibal
defeated
3rd Punic War149 B.C.E.Carthage no real
threatCato: “Carthage
must be destroyed” Set on fire, citizens
became slaves
After the Punic Wars, Rome dominated the Western MediterraneanExpanded trade and
wealth for Rome
Rome next looked to conquer the East and by 70 B.C.E. Rome controlled the entire Mediterranean
Who? Rome vs. CarthageWhen? 264-261 B.C.E.Cause? Control of MediterraneanThings to Know:
Series of three wars : Rome wins ALLRome’s victory= dominance of MediterraneanHannibal was famous general from CarthageCarthage is destroyed and no longer a power
Benefits for Rome:Rome expands into Africa, Asia, and Europe
The student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. in terms of it’s impact on Western civilization by: Assessing the influence of
geography on Roman economic, social, and political development
Explaining the social structure and role of slavery, significance of citizenship, and the development of democratic features in the government of the Roman Republic
Sequencing events leading to the Roman military domination of the Mediterranean Basin and Western Europe and the spread of Roman culture in these areas
Essential Questions: How was geographic location
important to economic, social, and political development of ancient Rome?
How did the government of the Roman Republic become more democratic?
Why was Rome able to conquer Carthage and then go on to extend its influence across the entire Mediterranean basin and much of Western Europe?
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