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4 Steps to ControlYour Diabetes for Life
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Contents
Step 1: Learn about diabetes ............................... 6
Step 2: Know your diabetes ABCs ...................... 12
Step 3: Manage your diabetes ............................ 16
Step 4: Get routine care..................................... 22
Notes ................................................................. 26
Where to get help............................................... 28
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4 Steps to Control
Your Diabetes. For Life.
This booklet presents our key steps to help you manage
your diabetes and live a long and active lie.
Step 1: Learn about diabetes.
Step 2: Know your diabetes ABCs.
Step 3: Manage your diabetes.
Step 4: Get routine care to avoid problems.
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Diabetes is a serious disease. It aects almost every part
o your body. That is why a health care team may help
you take care o your diabetes:
doctor
dentist
diabetes educator
dietitian
eye doctor
oot doctor
mental health counselor nurse
nurse practitioner
pharmacist
social worker
riends and amily
You are the most important member of the team.
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Step 1:Learn about diabetes.
Diabetes means that your blood glucose (blood sugar) is
too high. Here are the main types o diabetes.
Type 1 diabetesthe body does not make insulin.
Insulin helps the body use glucose rom ood or energy.People with type 1 need to take insulin every day.
Type 2 diabetesthe body does not make or use
insulin well. People with type 2 oten need to take pills
or insulin. Type 2 is the most common orm o diabetes.
Gestational (jes-TAY-shon-al) diabetes mellitus
(GDM)occurs when a woman is pregnant. It raises her
risk o getting another type o diabetes, mostly type 2,
or the rest o her lie. It also raises her childs risk o
being overweight and getting diabetes.
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Diabetes is serious.
You may have heard people say they have a touch o
diabetes or that their sugar is a little high. Thesewords suggest that diabetes is not a serious disease.
That is not correct. Diabetes is serious, but you can
manage it!
All people with diabetes need to make healthy food
choices, stay at a healthy weight, and be active every day.
Taking good care o yoursel and your diabetes can help
you eel better and avoid health problems caused bydiabetes such as:
heart attack and stroke
eye problems that can lead to trouble seeing or
going blind
nerve damage that can cause your hands and eet
to hurt, tingle, or eel numb. Some people may evenlose a oot or a leg.
kidney problems that can cause your kidneys to
stop working
gum disease and loss o teeth
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When your blood glucose is close to normal you are
likely to:
have more energybe less tired and thirsty and urinate less oten
heal better and have ewer skin or bladder
inections
have ewer problems with your eyesight, skin, eet,
and gums
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Step 2:Know your diabetes ABCs.
Talk to you health care team about how to control your
A1C, Blood pressure, and Cholesterol. This can help
lower your chances o having a heart attack, stroke,
or other diabetes problem. Heres what the ABCs o
diabetes stand or:
A or the A1C test (A-one-C).It shows you how your blood glucose has beenover the last three months. The A1C goal or
most people is below 7.
High blood glucose levels can harm your heart and
blood vessels, kidneys, eet, and eyes.
B or Blood pressure.The goal or most people with diabetes is below
130/80.
High blood pressure makes your heart work too hard. It
can cause heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
C or Cholesterol.The LDL goal or most people is below 100.
The HDL goal or most people is above 40.
LDL or bad cholesterol can build up and clog your
blood vessels. It can cause a heart attack or a stroke.HDL or good cholesterol helps remove cholesterol rom
your blood vessels.
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qAskyourhealthcareteam:
qwhatyourA1C,
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andcholesteroln
umbersare
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numbersshould
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qwhatyouneed
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Step 3:Manage your diabetes.
Many people avoid the long-term problems o diabetes
by taking good care o themselves. Work with your
health care team to reach your ABC goals. Use this
sel-care plan.
Use your diabetes ood plan. I you do not haveone, ask your health care team or one.
- Eat healthy oods such as ruits and vegetables,
sh, lean meats, chicken or turkey without the
skin, dry peas or beans, whole grains, and
low-at or skim milk and cheese.
- Keep sh and lean meat and poultry portions to
about 3 ounces (or the size o a pack o cards).
Bake, broil, or grill it.
- Eat oods that have less at and salt.
- Eat oods with more ber such as whole-graincereals, breads, crackers, rice, or pasta.
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Get 30 to 60 minutes o physicalactivity on most days o the week.
Brisk walking is a great way to move
more.
Stay at a healthy weight by making healthy oodchoices and moving more.
Ask or help i you eel down. A mental healthcounselor, support group, member o the clergy,
riend, or amily member will listen to your
concerns and help you eel better.
Learn to cope with stress. Stress can raise yourblood glucose. While it is hard to remove stress
rom your lie, you can learn to handle it.
Stop smoking. Ask or help to quit.Take medicines even when you eel good. Askyou doctor i you need aspirin to prevent a heart
attack or stroke. Tell your doctor i you cannot
aord your medicine or i you have any side eects.
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Check your eet every day or cuts, blisters, redspots, and swelling. Call your health care team
right away about any sores that wont go away.
Brush your teeth and foss every day to avoidproblems with your mouth, teeth, or gums.
Check your blood glucose.You maywant to test it one or more times a day.
Check your blood pressure. I your doctor advises.Report any changes in your eyesight to your
doctor.
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Step 4:Get routine care to avoid problems.
See your health care team at least twice a year to nd
and treat problems early. Discuss what steps you can
take to reach your goals.
At each visit get a:
blood pressure check
oot checkweight check
review o your sel-care plan shown in Step 3
Two times each year get an:
A1C testIt may be checked more often if it is over 7
Once each year get a: cholesterol test
triglyceride (try-GLISS-er-ide) test- a type of blood fat
complete oot exam
dental exam to check teeth and gumstell your
dentist you have diabetes
dilated eye exam to check or eye problems fu shot
urine and a blood test to check or kidney problems
At least once get a:
pneumonia (nu-mo-nya) shot
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qAskyourhealthcareteamabout
theseandothertestsyoumay
need.Askwhatyourresults
mean.
qWritedownthedateandtimeof
yournextvisit.
qIfyouhaveMedicare,askyour
healthcareteamifMedicare
willcoversomeofthe
costsfor
qlearningabouthealthy
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youneedthem
qmedicalsupplies
qdiabetesmedicines
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Notes
______________________________
____________________________________________________
______________________
______________________________
____________________________________________________
______________________
______________________________
____________________________________________________
______________________
______________________________
____________________________________________________
______________________
__________________________
NATIONAL DIABETES EDUCATION PROGRAM
www.ndep.nih.gov
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Where to get help:
Many items are oered in English and Spanish.
National Diabetes Education Program
1-800-438-5383
www.ndep.nih.gov
American Association o Diabetes Educators
1-800-TEAM-UP4 (800-832-6874)
www.diabeteseducator.org
American Diabetes Association
1-800-DIABETES (800-342-2383)
www.diabetes.org
American Dietetic Association
1-800-366-1655
www.eatright.org
American Heart Association
800-AHA-USA1 (800-242-8721)
www.americanheart.org
Centers or Disease Control and Prevention
1-877-232-3422
www.cdc.gov/diabetes
Centers or Medicare & Medicaid Services
1-800-MEDICARE or (800-633-4227)
www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asp
National Institute o Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Diseases
National Diabetes Inormation Clearinghouse1-800-860-8747
www.niddk.nih.gov
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http:///reader/full/www.ndep.nih.govhttp:///reader/full/www.diabeteseducator.orghttp:///reader/full/www.diabetes.orghttp:///reader/full/www.eatright.orghttp:///reader/full/www.americanheart.orghttp://www.cdc.gov/diabeteshttp://www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asphttp:///reader/full/www.niddk.nih.govhttp:///reader/full/www.ndep.nih.govhttp:///reader/full/www.diabeteseducator.orghttp:///reader/full/www.diabetes.orghttp:///reader/full/www.eatright.orghttp:///reader/full/www.americanheart.orghttp://www.cdc.gov/diabeteshttp://www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asphttp:///reader/full/www.niddk.nih.gov8/3/2019 4 Steps Hindi 508
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