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4 Steps to ControlYour Diabetes for Life

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Contents

Step 1: Learn about diabetes ............................... 6

Step 2: Know your diabetes ABCs ...................... 12

Step 3: Manage your diabetes ............................ 16

Step 4: Get routine care..................................... 22

Notes ................................................................. 26

Where to get help............................................... 28

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4 Steps to Control

Your Diabetes. For Life.

This booklet presents our key steps to help you manage

your diabetes and live a long and active lie.

Step 1: Learn about diabetes.

Step 2: Know your diabetes ABCs.

Step 3: Manage your diabetes.

Step 4: Get routine care to avoid problems.

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Diabetes is a serious disease. It aects almost every part

o your body. That is why a health care team may help

you take care o your diabetes:

doctor

dentist

diabetes educator

dietitian

eye doctor

oot doctor

mental health counselor nurse

nurse practitioner

pharmacist

social worker

riends and amily

You are the most important member of the team.

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Step 1:Learn about diabetes.

Diabetes means that your blood glucose (blood sugar) is

too high. Here are the main types o diabetes.

Type 1 diabetesthe body does not make insulin.

Insulin helps the body use glucose rom ood or energy.People with type 1 need to take insulin every day.

Type 2 diabetesthe body does not make or use

insulin well. People with type 2 oten need to take pills

or insulin. Type 2 is the most common orm o diabetes.

Gestational (jes-TAY-shon-al) diabetes mellitus

(GDM)occurs when a woman is pregnant. It raises her

risk o getting another type o diabetes, mostly type 2,

or the rest o her lie. It also raises her childs risk o

being overweight and getting diabetes.

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Diabetes is serious.

You may have heard people say they have a touch o

diabetes or that their sugar is a little high. Thesewords suggest that diabetes is not a serious disease.

That is not correct. Diabetes is serious, but you can

manage it!

All people with diabetes need to make healthy food

choices, stay at a healthy weight, and be active every day.

Taking good care o yoursel and your diabetes can help

you eel better and avoid health problems caused bydiabetes such as:

heart attack and stroke

eye problems that can lead to trouble seeing or

going blind

nerve damage that can cause your hands and eet

to hurt, tingle, or eel numb. Some people may evenlose a oot or a leg.

kidney problems that can cause your kidneys to

stop working

gum disease and loss o teeth

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When your blood glucose is close to normal you are

likely to:

have more energybe less tired and thirsty and urinate less oten

heal better and have ewer skin or bladder

inections

have ewer problems with your eyesight, skin, eet,

and gums

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Step 2:Know your diabetes ABCs.

Talk to you health care team about how to control your

A1C, Blood pressure, and Cholesterol. This can help

lower your chances o having a heart attack, stroke,

or other diabetes problem. Heres what the ABCs o

diabetes stand or:

A or the A1C test (A-one-C).It shows you how your blood glucose has beenover the last three months. The A1C goal or

most people is below 7.

High blood glucose levels can harm your heart and

blood vessels, kidneys, eet, and eyes.

B or Blood pressure.The goal or most people with diabetes is below

130/80.

High blood pressure makes your heart work too hard. It

can cause heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.

C or Cholesterol.The LDL goal or most people is below 100.

The HDL goal or most people is above 40.

LDL or bad cholesterol can build up and clog your

blood vessels. It can cause a heart attack or a stroke.HDL or good cholesterol helps remove cholesterol rom

your blood vessels.

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qAskyourhealthcareteam:

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Step 3:Manage your diabetes.

Many people avoid the long-term problems o diabetes

by taking good care o themselves. Work with your

health care team to reach your ABC goals. Use this

sel-care plan.

Use your diabetes ood plan. I you do not haveone, ask your health care team or one.

- Eat healthy oods such as ruits and vegetables,

sh, lean meats, chicken or turkey without the

skin, dry peas or beans, whole grains, and

low-at or skim milk and cheese.

- Keep sh and lean meat and poultry portions to

about 3 ounces (or the size o a pack o cards).

Bake, broil, or grill it.

- Eat oods that have less at and salt.

- Eat oods with more ber such as whole-graincereals, breads, crackers, rice, or pasta.

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Get 30 to 60 minutes o physicalactivity on most days o the week.

Brisk walking is a great way to move

more.

Stay at a healthy weight by making healthy oodchoices and moving more.

Ask or help i you eel down. A mental healthcounselor, support group, member o the clergy,

riend, or amily member will listen to your

concerns and help you eel better.

Learn to cope with stress. Stress can raise yourblood glucose. While it is hard to remove stress

rom your lie, you can learn to handle it.

Stop smoking. Ask or help to quit.Take medicines even when you eel good. Askyou doctor i you need aspirin to prevent a heart

attack or stroke. Tell your doctor i you cannot

aord your medicine or i you have any side eects.

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Check your eet every day or cuts, blisters, redspots, and swelling. Call your health care team

right away about any sores that wont go away.

Brush your teeth and foss every day to avoidproblems with your mouth, teeth, or gums.

Check your blood glucose.You maywant to test it one or more times a day.

Check your blood pressure. I your doctor advises.Report any changes in your eyesight to your

doctor.

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Step 4:Get routine care to avoid problems.

See your health care team at least twice a year to nd

and treat problems early. Discuss what steps you can

take to reach your goals.

At each visit get a:

blood pressure check

oot checkweight check

review o your sel-care plan shown in Step 3

Two times each year get an:

A1C testIt may be checked more often if it is over 7

Once each year get a: cholesterol test

triglyceride (try-GLISS-er-ide) test- a type of blood fat

complete oot exam

dental exam to check teeth and gumstell your

dentist you have diabetes

dilated eye exam to check or eye problems fu shot

urine and a blood test to check or kidney problems

At least once get a:

pneumonia (nu-mo-nya) shot

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qAskyourhealthcareteamabout

theseandothertestsyoumay

need.Askwhatyourresults

mean.

qWritedownthedateandtimeof

yournextvisit.

qIfyouhaveMedicare,askyour

healthcareteamifMedicare

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qmedicalsupplies

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Notes

______________________________

____________________________________________________

______________________

______________________________

____________________________________________________

______________________

______________________________

____________________________________________________

______________________

______________________________

____________________________________________________

______________________

__________________________

NATIONAL DIABETES EDUCATION PROGRAM

www.ndep.nih.gov

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Where to get help:

Many items are oered in English and Spanish.

National Diabetes Education Program

1-800-438-5383

www.ndep.nih.gov

American Association o Diabetes Educators

1-800-TEAM-UP4 (800-832-6874)

www.diabeteseducator.org

American Diabetes Association

1-800-DIABETES (800-342-2383)

www.diabetes.org

American Dietetic Association

1-800-366-1655

www.eatright.org

American Heart Association

800-AHA-USA1 (800-242-8721)

www.americanheart.org

Centers or Disease Control and Prevention

1-877-232-3422

www.cdc.gov/diabetes

Centers or Medicare & Medicaid Services

1-800-MEDICARE or (800-633-4227)

www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asp

National Institute o Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney

Diseases

National Diabetes Inormation Clearinghouse1-800-860-8747

www.niddk.nih.gov

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http:///reader/full/www.ndep.nih.govhttp:///reader/full/www.diabeteseducator.orghttp:///reader/full/www.diabetes.orghttp:///reader/full/www.eatright.orghttp:///reader/full/www.americanheart.orghttp://www.cdc.gov/diabeteshttp://www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asphttp:///reader/full/www.niddk.nih.govhttp:///reader/full/www.ndep.nih.govhttp:///reader/full/www.diabeteseducator.orghttp:///reader/full/www.diabetes.orghttp:///reader/full/www.eatright.orghttp:///reader/full/www.americanheart.orghttp://www.cdc.gov/diabeteshttp://www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asphttp:///reader/full/www.niddk.nih.gov

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