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THE 22 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING
THE 1999 NATIONAL PLUMBING
CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
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Who is the Plumber?
The Plumber is the one who works or
engages in the business of installing in
buildings the pipes, fixtures and otherapparatus for bringing in the water
supply and removing liquid and
waterborne wastes.
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What are the different categories of Plumbers?
There are 3 categories of plumbers:
1. Apprentice Plumber a beginner at the trade who usuallyserves for 3 to 5 years as a helper to a journeyman.
2. Journeyman Plumber has served his apprenticeship andis competent to perform the tasks of installing and repairing
the plumbing system.3. Master Plumber a person technically and legally qualifiedand licensed to practice the profession of master plumbingwithout limitations in accordance with R.A. 1378, havingpassed the examinations conducted by the Professional
Regulation Commission, has received a Certificate ofRegistration from the Board of Master Plumbing and
possesses the current License to Practice. (Sec. 214.5 NPC1999)
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What is the Plumbing Code?
The Plumbing Code is manifestation of theright of the government to regulate thepractice of the plumbing profession based on
the principle of the protection of publichealth.
The basic goal of the National Plumbing Code
of the Philippines is to ensure the qualifiedobservance of the latest provisions of the
plumbing & environmental laws.
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What are the basic principles that govern the
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines?
There are 22 basic principles of the 1999National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
which are updates of the tenets in thePlumbing Law of the Philippines approved
on 18 June 1955 as amended on 28 November
1959 and revised on 21 December 1999.
The basic principles are as follows:
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Principle No. 1:
All premises intended
for human habitation,
occupancy or use shall
be provided with a
supply of pure and
wholesome water,
neither connected with
unsafe supplies norsubject to hazards of
backflowor back
siphonage.
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Principle 1 KEYWORDS:
Section 204.24
CROSS-CONNECTION any connection or arrangement, physical or otherwise,
between a potable water supply system and any plumbing fixture or tank,receptacle, equipment or device, through which enables non-potable, used,
unclean, polluted, contaminated water or other substances to enter into any part
of such potable water system under any condition.
Section 203.1
BACKFLOW the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures orsubstances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of
water from any source other than from its intended source.
Section 203.5
BACK-SIPHONAGE the flowing backof used, contaminated or polluted
water from a plumbing fixture or
vessel into a water supply due to a
negative pressure in such pipe.
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BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES and METHODS
202.6
AIRGAP, WATER DISTRIBUTION an unobstructed vertical distance
through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe orfaucet conveying potable water to the flood level rim of any tank, vat or fixture.
Fixtures When not affected
by side walls
When affected
by side walls
Lavatories and other fixtures with effective openings
not greater than 13mm in diameter
25 mm 38 mm
Sinks, laundry trays, gooseneck bath faucets & other
fixtures with effective opening widths not greater
than 19mm in diameter
38 mm 57 mm
Over rim bath fillers and other fixtures with
effective openings not greater than 25mm in
diameter
51 mm 76 mm
Effective openings greater than 25mm in diameter 2 x the diameter
of effective
opening
3 x the diameter
of effective
opening
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BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS
603.2.2 ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER (AVB) has an air inlet valve
that closes when the water flows in the normal direction. But, as water ceases
to flow the air inlet valve opens, thus interrupting the possible backsiphonageeffect.
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Principle No. 2: Plumbing fixtures,
devices andappurtenances shall be
supplied with water in
sufficient volume & at a
pressure adequate to
enable them to function
satisfactorily & without
undue noise undernormal conditions of
use.
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Principle 2 Keyword: PRESSURE
607.1 Inadequate Water Pressure whenever the water pressure
in the main or other source of supply will not provide a water
pressure of at least 103 kPa (15 psi) after allowing friction and other
pressure losses, a hydro pneumatic pressure tank or an elevated
tank and booster pump will provide 103 kPa pressure.
607.2 Excessive Water Pressure when the local water pressure
is in excess of 551 kPa (80 psi), an approved-type pressure
regulator preceded by an adequate sized strainer shall be installedto reduce pressure on the building side of the regulator to the
required supply pressure.
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FIXTURE FITTING
FLOWPRESSURE
FLOW
kPa PSI GPM LPS
Ordinary Lavatory Faucet 55 8 2.0 0.13
Self-closing Lavatory Faucet 83 12 2.5 0.16
Sink Faucet ( 9 mm ) 69 10 3.5 0.22Sink Faucet ( 12 mm ) 35 5 4.5 0.28
Drinking Fountain Jet 55 8 0.75 0.05
Washing Machine / Dishwasher 55 8 4.0 0.25
Laundry Faucet 35 5 5.0 0.32
Bathtub Faucet 35 5 5.0 0.32
Shower Head ( 12 mm ) 83 12 5.0 0.32
Ball Cock for Water Closet (Flush Tank) 104 15 3.0 0.19
Flush Valve for Water Closet ( 19 mm ) 104 15 27.0 1.70
Flush Valve for Water Closet ( 25 mm ) 172 25 35.0 2.21
Flush Valve for Urinal ( 19 mm ) 104 15 15.0 0.95
Garden Hose,15m and Sill Cock 207 30 5.0 0.32
PROPER FLOW & PRESSURE REQUIRED DURING FLOW FOR DIFFERENT FIXTURES
Principle 2 Keyword:
PRESSURE
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Principle 2 KEYWORD:
WATER HAMMER is a pressure surge or wave resulting when a fluid in
motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change).
Water hammer commonly occurs when a valve is closed suddenly at an end of
a pipeline system and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe. It may be
known as hydraulic shock.
This pressure wave can cause major problems from noise and vibration to
pipe collapse.
AIR CHAMBER is a space filled with air,
commonly to act as cushion or shock
absorber for equalizing the flow of liquid in a
pump or part of the hydraulic system
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Principle No. 3:
Plumbing shall be
designed and
adjusted to use the
minimum quantity of
water consistent
with proper
performance andcleaning.
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Principle No. 4:
Devices for heating
and storing water
shall be so designed
and installed as to
prevent dangers
from explosion
through overheating.
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Principle No. 5:
Every building havingplumbing fixtures installed
& intended for human
habitation, occupancy or
use on premises abuttingon a street, alley or
easement where there is a
public sewer, shall be
connected to the public
sewer system.
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Principle No. 6:
Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on asewer or with a private sewage disposal system shall
have at least 1water closet & 1 kitchen-type sink.Further, a lavatory or bathtub or shower shall beinstalled to meet the basic requirement of sanitation &personal hygiene.
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Principle No. 7:
Plumbing fixtures
shall be made of
smooth non-
absorbent material,free from concealed
fouling surfaces &
shall be located in
ventilatedenclosures.
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Principle No. 8: The drainage systemshall be designed,
constructed andmaintained to
safeguard against
fouling, deposit of
solids, clogging and
with adequate
cleanouts so
arranged that the
pipes might be
readily cleaned.
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Principle No. 9:
All piping of plumbingsystems shall be of
durable NAMPAP
APPROVED materials,
free from defectiveworkmanship, designed
& constructed by
Registered Master
Plumbers to ensure
satisfactory service.
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Principle No. 10:
Each fixture directlyconnected to the
drainage system
shall be equippedwith water sealed
trap.
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Principle No. 11:
The drainage piping
system shall be
designed to provide
adequate circulationof free air from
siphonage,
aspiration or forcing
of trap seals underordinary use.
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Principle No. 12:
Vent terminals shallextend to the outer air
and installed to
preempt clogging and
the return of foul air to
the building.
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Principle No. 13:
Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such
tests to effectively disclose all leaks and
defects in the workmanship.
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PRINCIPLE 13 KEYWORDS:
501.2.2
Testing Media the piping of the plumbing, drainage and venting system shall
be tested with water or air.
501.2.3
WATER TEST the water test shall be applied to the drainage and vent system
either in its entirety or in sections. The water shall be kept for at least 15
minutes before inspection starts.
501.2.4
AIR TEST the air test shall be made by attaching an air compressor testing
apparatus to any suitable opening, and after closing all other inlets and outlets of
the system, air is forced into the pipe system until there is a uniform gauge
pressure of 34.5 kPa (5 psi) or sufficient to balance a column of mercury 254mm in height. The pressure shall be held without introduction of additional air
for a period of at least 15 minutes.
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Principle 13 KEYWORD:
501.2.6
WATER PIPING upon completion of a section or of the entire hot and cold
water supply systems, it shall be tested and proved tight under a water
pressure not less than the working pressure under which it is to be used
plus 50%. The water for test shall be obtained from a potable source of
supply. A 344.5 kPa (50 psi) air pressure may be substituted for the water
test. In either method of test, the piping shall withstand the test without
leaking for a period of not less than 15 minutes.
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Principle No. 14:
No substance which willclog the pipes, produce
explosive mixtures
,destroy the pipes or
their joints or interfereunduly with the sewage
disposal process shall
be allowed to enter the
building drainage
system.
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Principle No. 15:
Proper protection shall beprovided to prevent
contamination of food,
water, sterile goods & similar
materials by backflow ofsewage. When necessary,
the fixture, device or
appliance shall be connected
indirectly with the building
drainage system.
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Principle No. 16:
No water closet shall be located in a room orcompartment which is not properly lighted or
ventilated.
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Principle No. 17:
If water closets or otherplumbing fixtures areinstalled in buildings where
there is no sewer within a
reasonable distance, suitableprovision shall be made for
disposing of the building
sewage by some accepted
method of sewage
treatment and disposal, suchas septic tank.
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Principle No. 18:
Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject
to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be
made to prevent its overflow in the building.
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Principle No. 19:
Plumbing systems shall be maintained inserviceable condition by Registered Master
Plumbers.
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Principle No. 20:
All plumbing
fixtures shall
be properly
spaced, to beaccessible for
their
intended use.
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Principle No. 21:
Plumbing shall be installed
by Registered Master
Plumbers with due regard
to the preservation of thestrength of structural
members and the
prevention of damage to
walls and other surfacesthrough fixture usage.
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Principle No. 22: Sewage or other
waste from aplumbing system
which may bedeleterious tosurface or subsurface waters shallnot be discharge into
the ground or ontoany waterway,unless first renderedinnocuous throughsubjection to some
acceptable form oftreatment.
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End of Presentation
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Principle No. 1:
All premises intendedfor human habitation,
occupancy or use shall
be provided with a
supply of pure and
wholesome water,
neither connected with
unsafe supplies nor
subject to hazards of
backflow or back
siphonage.
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Principle No. 2: Plumbing fixtures,
devices andappurtenances shall
be supplied with
water in sufficient
volume & at a
pressure adequate to
enable them to
function satisfactorily
& without undue
noise under normal
conditions of use.
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Principle No. 3:
Plumbing shall be
designed and
adjusted to use the
minimum quantity ofwater consistent
with proper
performance andcleaning.
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Principle No. 4:
Devices for heating
and storing water
shall be so designed
and installed as toprevent dangers
from explosion
through overheating.
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Principle No. 5:
Every building havingplumbing fixtures installed
& intended for human
habitation, occupancy or
use on premises abuttingon a street, alley or
easement where there is a
public sewer, shall be
connected to the publicsewer system.
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Principle No. 6:
Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on asewer or with a private sewage disposal system shall
have at least 1water closet & 1 kitchen-type sink.Further, a lavatory or bathtub or shower shall be installedto meet the basic requirement of sanitation & personalhygiene.
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Principle No. 7:
Plumbing fixtures
shall be made of
smooth non-
absorbent material,free from concealed
fouling surfaces &
shall be located in
ventilatedenclosures.
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Principle No. 8: The drainage system
shall be designed,
constructed and
maintained tosafeguard against
fouling, deposit of
solids, clogging and
with adequate
cleanouts so
arranged that the
pipes might bereadily cleaned.
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Principle No. 9:
All piping of plumbingsystems shall be of
durable NAMPAP
APPROVED materials,
free from defectiveworkmanship, designed
& constructed by
Registered Master
Plumbers to ensuresatisfactory service.
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Principle No. 10:
Each fixture directly
connected to the
drainage system
shall be equippedwith water sealed
trap.
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Principle No. 11:
The drainage piping
system shall be
designed to provide
adequate circulationof free air from
siphonage,
aspiration or forcing
of trap seals underordinary use.
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Principle No. 12:
Vent terminals shall
extend to the outer air
and installed to
preempt clogging andthe return of foul air to
the building.
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Principle No. 13:
Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such
tests to effectively disclose all leaks and
defects in the workmanship.
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Principle No. 14:
No substance which willclog the pipes, produce
explosive mixtures
,destroy the pipes or
their joints or interfereunduly with the sewage
disposal process shall
be allowed to enter the
building drainage
system.
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Principle No. 15:
Proper protection shall beprovided to prevent
contamination of food,
water, sterile goods & similar
materials by backflow ofsewage. When necessary,
the fixture, device or
appliance shall be connected
indirectly with the buildingdrainage system.
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Principle No. 16:
No water closet shall be located in a room orcompartment which is not properly lighted or
ventilated.
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Principle No. 17: If water closets or other
plumbing fixtures areinstalled in buildings where
there is no sewer within a
reasonable distance, suitable
provision shall be made fordisposing of the building
sewage by some accepted
method of sewage
treatment and disposal, suchas septic tank.
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Principle No. 18:
Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject
to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be
made to prevent its overflow in the building.
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Principle No. 19:
Plumbing systems shall be maintained inserviceable condition by Registered Master
Plumbers.
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Principle No. 20:
All plumbing
fixtures shall
be properly
spaced, to beaccessible for
their
intended use.
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Principle No. 21:
Plumbing shall be installed
by Registered Master
Plumbers with due regard
to the preservation of thestrength of structural
members and the
prevention of damage to
walls and other surfacesthrough fixture usage.
Sewage or other
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Principle No. 22:Sewage or otherwaste from aplumbing systemwhich may bedeleterious tosurface or subsurface waters shallnot be discharge into
the ground or ontoany waterway,unless first renderedinnocuous throughsubjection to some
acceptable form oftreatment.
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