2014 - 003 the 22 Basic Principles of Plumbing

7/25/2019 2014 - 003 the 22 Basic Principles of Plumbing

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THE 22 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING

THE 1999 NATIONAL PLUMBING

CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES


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Who is the Plumber?

The Plumber is the one who works or

engages in the business of installing in

buildings the pipes, fixtures and otherapparatus for bringing in the water

supply and removing liquid and

waterborne wastes.


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What are the different categories of Plumbers?

There are 3 categories of plumbers:

1. Apprentice Plumber a beginner at the trade who usuallyserves for 3 to 5 years as a helper to a journeyman.

2. Journeyman Plumber has served his apprenticeship andis competent to perform the tasks of installing and repairing

the plumbing system.3. Master Plumber a person technically and legally qualifiedand licensed to practice the profession of master plumbingwithout limitations in accordance with R.A. 1378, havingpassed the examinations conducted by the Professional

Regulation Commission, has received a Certificate ofRegistration from the Board of Master Plumbing and

possesses the current License to Practice. (Sec. 214.5 NPC1999)


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What is the Plumbing Code?

The Plumbing Code is manifestation of theright of the government to regulate thepractice of the plumbing profession based on

the principle of the protection of publichealth.

The basic goal of the National Plumbing Code

of the Philippines is to ensure the qualifiedobservance of the latest provisions of the

plumbing & environmental laws.


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What are the basic principles that govern the

National Plumbing Code of the Philippines?

There are 22 basic principles of the 1999National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

which are updates of the tenets in thePlumbing Law of the Philippines approved

on 18 June 1955 as amended on 28 November

1959 and revised on 21 December 1999.

The basic principles are as follows:


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Principle No. 1:

All premises intended

for human habitation,

occupancy or use shall

be provided with a

supply of pure and

wholesome water,

neither connected with

unsafe supplies norsubject to hazards of

backflowor back

siphonage.


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Principle 1 KEYWORDS:

Section 204.24

CROSS-CONNECTION any connection or arrangement, physical or otherwise,

between a potable water supply system and any plumbing fixture or tank,receptacle, equipment or device, through which enables non-potable, used,

unclean, polluted, contaminated water or other substances to enter into any part

of such potable water system under any condition.

Section 203.1

BACKFLOW the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures orsubstances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of

water from any source other than from its intended source.

Section 203.5

BACK-SIPHONAGE the flowing backof used, contaminated or polluted

water from a plumbing fixture or

vessel into a water supply due to a

negative pressure in such pipe.


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BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES and METHODS

202.6

AIRGAP, WATER DISTRIBUTION an unobstructed vertical distance

through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe orfaucet conveying potable water to the flood level rim of any tank, vat or fixture.

Fixtures When not affected

by side walls

When affected

by side walls

Lavatories and other fixtures with effective openings

not greater than 13mm in diameter

25 mm 38 mm

Sinks, laundry trays, gooseneck bath faucets & other

fixtures with effective opening widths not greater

than 19mm in diameter

38 mm 57 mm

Over rim bath fillers and other fixtures with

effective openings not greater than 25mm in

diameter

51 mm 76 mm

Effective openings greater than 25mm in diameter 2 x the diameter

of effective

opening

3 x the diameter

of effective

opening


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BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS

603.2.2 ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER (AVB) has an air inlet valve

that closes when the water flows in the normal direction. But, as water ceases

to flow the air inlet valve opens, thus interrupting the possible backsiphonageeffect.


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Principle No. 2: Plumbing fixtures,

devices andappurtenances shall be

supplied with water in

sufficient volume & at a

pressure adequate to

enable them to function

satisfactorily & without

undue noise undernormal conditions of

use.


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Principle 2 Keyword: PRESSURE

607.1 Inadequate Water Pressure whenever the water pressure

in the main or other source of supply will not provide a water

pressure of at least 103 kPa (15 psi) after allowing friction and other

pressure losses, a hydro pneumatic pressure tank or an elevated

tank and booster pump will provide 103 kPa pressure.

607.2 Excessive Water Pressure when the local water pressure

is in excess of 551 kPa (80 psi), an approved-type pressure

regulator preceded by an adequate sized strainer shall be installedto reduce pressure on the building side of the regulator to the

required supply pressure.


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FIXTURE FITTING

FLOWPRESSURE

FLOW

kPa PSI GPM LPS

Ordinary Lavatory Faucet 55 8 2.0 0.13

Self-closing Lavatory Faucet 83 12 2.5 0.16

Sink Faucet ( 9 mm ) 69 10 3.5 0.22Sink Faucet ( 12 mm ) 35 5 4.5 0.28

Drinking Fountain Jet 55 8 0.75 0.05

Washing Machine / Dishwasher 55 8 4.0 0.25

Laundry Faucet 35 5 5.0 0.32

Bathtub Faucet 35 5 5.0 0.32

Shower Head ( 12 mm ) 83 12 5.0 0.32

Ball Cock for Water Closet (Flush Tank) 104 15 3.0 0.19

Flush Valve for Water Closet ( 19 mm ) 104 15 27.0 1.70

Flush Valve for Water Closet ( 25 mm ) 172 25 35.0 2.21

Flush Valve for Urinal ( 19 mm ) 104 15 15.0 0.95

Garden Hose,15m and Sill Cock 207 30 5.0 0.32

PROPER FLOW & PRESSURE REQUIRED DURING FLOW FOR DIFFERENT FIXTURES

Principle 2 Keyword:

PRESSURE


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Principle 2 KEYWORD:

WATER HAMMER is a pressure surge or wave resulting when a fluid in

motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change).

Water hammer commonly occurs when a valve is closed suddenly at an end of

a pipeline system and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe. It may be

known as hydraulic shock.

This pressure wave can cause major problems from noise and vibration to

pipe collapse.

AIR CHAMBER is a space filled with air,

commonly to act as cushion or shock

absorber for equalizing the flow of liquid in a

pump or part of the hydraulic system


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Principle No. 3:

Plumbing shall be

designed and

adjusted to use the

minimum quantity of

water consistent

with proper

performance andcleaning.


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Principle No. 4:

Devices for heating

and storing water

shall be so designed

and installed as to

prevent dangers

from explosion

through overheating.


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Principle No. 5:

Every building havingplumbing fixtures installed

& intended for human

habitation, occupancy or

use on premises abuttingon a street, alley or

easement where there is a

public sewer, shall be

connected to the public

sewer system.


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Principle No. 6:

Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on asewer or with a private sewage disposal system shall

have at least 1water closet & 1 kitchen-type sink.Further, a lavatory or bathtub or shower shall beinstalled to meet the basic requirement of sanitation &personal hygiene.


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Principle No. 7:

Plumbing fixtures

shall be made of

smooth non-

absorbent material,free from concealed

fouling surfaces &

shall be located in

ventilatedenclosures.


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Principle No. 8: The drainage systemshall be designed,

constructed andmaintained to

safeguard against

fouling, deposit of

solids, clogging and

with adequate

cleanouts so

arranged that the

pipes might be

readily cleaned.


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Principle No. 9:

All piping of plumbingsystems shall be of

durable NAMPAP

APPROVED materials,

free from defectiveworkmanship, designed

& constructed by

Registered Master

Plumbers to ensure

satisfactory service.


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Principle No. 10:

Each fixture directlyconnected to the

drainage system

shall be equippedwith water sealed

trap.


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Principle No. 11:

The drainage piping

system shall be

designed to provide

adequate circulationof free air from

siphonage,

aspiration or forcing

of trap seals underordinary use.


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Principle No. 12:

Vent terminals shallextend to the outer air

and installed to

preempt clogging and

the return of foul air to

the building.


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Principle No. 13:

Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such

tests to effectively disclose all leaks and

defects in the workmanship.


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PRINCIPLE 13 KEYWORDS:

501.2.2

Testing Media the piping of the plumbing, drainage and venting system shall

be tested with water or air.

501.2.3

WATER TEST the water test shall be applied to the drainage and vent system

either in its entirety or in sections. The water shall be kept for at least 15

minutes before inspection starts.

501.2.4

AIR TEST the air test shall be made by attaching an air compressor testing

apparatus to any suitable opening, and after closing all other inlets and outlets of

the system, air is forced into the pipe system until there is a uniform gauge

pressure of 34.5 kPa (5 psi) or sufficient to balance a column of mercury 254mm in height. The pressure shall be held without introduction of additional air

for a period of at least 15 minutes.


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Principle 13 KEYWORD:

501.2.6

WATER PIPING upon completion of a section or of the entire hot and cold

water supply systems, it shall be tested and proved tight under a water

pressure not less than the working pressure under which it is to be used

plus 50%. The water for test shall be obtained from a potable source of

supply. A 344.5 kPa (50 psi) air pressure may be substituted for the water

test. In either method of test, the piping shall withstand the test without

leaking for a period of not less than 15 minutes.


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Principle No. 14:

No substance which willclog the pipes, produce

explosive mixtures

,destroy the pipes or

their joints or interfereunduly with the sewage

disposal process shall

be allowed to enter the

building drainage

system.


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Principle No. 15:

Proper protection shall beprovided to prevent

contamination of food,

water, sterile goods & similar

materials by backflow ofsewage. When necessary,

the fixture, device or

appliance shall be connected

indirectly with the building

drainage system.


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Principle No. 16:

No water closet shall be located in a room orcompartment which is not properly lighted or

ventilated.


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Principle No. 17:

If water closets or otherplumbing fixtures areinstalled in buildings where

there is no sewer within a

reasonable distance, suitableprovision shall be made for

disposing of the building

sewage by some accepted

method of sewage

treatment and disposal, suchas septic tank.


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Principle No. 18:

Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject

to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be

made to prevent its overflow in the building.


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Principle No. 19:

Plumbing systems shall be maintained inserviceable condition by Registered Master

Plumbers.


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Principle No. 20:

All plumbing

fixtures shall

be properly

spaced, to beaccessible for

their

intended use.


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Principle No. 21:

Plumbing shall be installed

by Registered Master

Plumbers with due regard

to the preservation of thestrength of structural

members and the

prevention of damage to

walls and other surfacesthrough fixture usage.


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Principle No. 22: Sewage or other

waste from aplumbing system

which may bedeleterious tosurface or subsurface waters shallnot be discharge into

the ground or ontoany waterway,unless first renderedinnocuous throughsubjection to some

acceptable form oftreatment.


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End of Presentation


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Principle No. 1:

All premises intendedfor human habitation,

occupancy or use shall

be provided with a

supply of pure and

wholesome water,

neither connected with

unsafe supplies nor

subject to hazards of

backflow or back

siphonage.


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Principle No. 2: Plumbing fixtures,

devices andappurtenances shall

be supplied with

water in sufficient

volume & at a

pressure adequate to

enable them to

function satisfactorily

& without undue

noise under normal

conditions of use.


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Principle No. 3:

Plumbing shall be

designed and

adjusted to use the

minimum quantity ofwater consistent

with proper

performance andcleaning.


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Principle No. 4:

Devices for heating

and storing water

shall be so designed

and installed as toprevent dangers

from explosion

through overheating.


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Principle No. 5:

Every building havingplumbing fixtures installed

& intended for human

habitation, occupancy or

use on premises abuttingon a street, alley or

easement where there is a

public sewer, shall be

connected to the publicsewer system.


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Principle No. 6:

Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on asewer or with a private sewage disposal system shall

have at least 1water closet & 1 kitchen-type sink.Further, a lavatory or bathtub or shower shall be installedto meet the basic requirement of sanitation & personalhygiene.


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Principle No. 7:

Plumbing fixtures

shall be made of

smooth non-

absorbent material,free from concealed

fouling surfaces &

shall be located in

ventilatedenclosures.


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Principle No. 8: The drainage system

shall be designed,

constructed and

maintained tosafeguard against

fouling, deposit of

solids, clogging and

with adequate

cleanouts so

arranged that the

pipes might bereadily cleaned.


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Principle No. 9:

All piping of plumbingsystems shall be of

durable NAMPAP

APPROVED materials,

free from defectiveworkmanship, designed

& constructed by

Registered Master

Plumbers to ensuresatisfactory service.


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Principle No. 10:

Each fixture directly

connected to the

drainage system

shall be equippedwith water sealed

trap.


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Principle No. 11:

The drainage piping

system shall be

designed to provide

adequate circulationof free air from

siphonage,

aspiration or forcing

of trap seals underordinary use.


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Principle No. 12:

Vent terminals shall

extend to the outer air

and installed to

preempt clogging andthe return of foul air to

the building.


49/59

Principle No. 13:

Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such

tests to effectively disclose all leaks and

defects in the workmanship.


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Principle No. 14:

No substance which willclog the pipes, produce

explosive mixtures

,destroy the pipes or

their joints or interfereunduly with the sewage

disposal process shall

be allowed to enter the

building drainage

system.


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Principle No. 15:

Proper protection shall beprovided to prevent

contamination of food,

water, sterile goods & similar

materials by backflow ofsewage. When necessary,

the fixture, device or

appliance shall be connected

indirectly with the buildingdrainage system.


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Principle No. 16:

No water closet shall be located in a room orcompartment which is not properly lighted or

ventilated.


53/59

Principle No. 17: If water closets or other

plumbing fixtures areinstalled in buildings where

there is no sewer within a

reasonable distance, suitable

provision shall be made fordisposing of the building

sewage by some accepted

method of sewage

treatment and disposal, suchas septic tank.


54/59

Principle No. 18:

Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject

to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be

made to prevent its overflow in the building.


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Principle No. 19:

Plumbing systems shall be maintained inserviceable condition by Registered Master

Plumbers.


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Principle No. 20:

All plumbing

fixtures shall

be properly

spaced, to beaccessible for

their

intended use.


57/59

Principle No. 21:

Plumbing shall be installed

by Registered Master

Plumbers with due regard

to the preservation of thestrength of structural

members and the

prevention of damage to

walls and other surfacesthrough fixture usage.

Sewage or other


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Principle No. 22:Sewage or otherwaste from aplumbing systemwhich may bedeleterious tosurface or subsurface waters shallnot be discharge into

the ground or ontoany waterway,unless first renderedinnocuous throughsubjection to some

acceptable form oftreatment.


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2014 - 003 the 22 Basic Principles of Plumbing

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