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HEATER
NOMENCLATURE
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H eater N omenclature
Three major components
Radiant Section
Convection Section Stack
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Radiant Section
Three major components
Firebox
Casing
Refractory Tube supports
Radiant Coil
Tubes
Bends
Burners
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Firebox Functions
House tubes andburners
Obtain completecombustion
Contain theflames
Avoidimpingement on
tubes
Distribute radiantheat uniformly
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Radiant Coils
The coil configuration
Horizontal
Vertical
Arbor
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Burners
Responsible forproviding heat
They mix the fuel and airto create a stable flame.
Position in the fireboxcan be:
In the floor
In the walls
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H eater Floor and Burner L ayout
RADIANT COIL
PEEP HOLES
ACCESS DOOR
REFRACTORY
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Refractory L ining for Fired H eaters
Contain hightemperaturecombustion
Protect steel casingand structure
Oxidation
Corrosion
ErosionMinimize heat losses
Inside of a stack with refractory lining of
concrete
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Types of Refractory
Insulating Firebrick
Hot-face layers.
Castables (concrete) All areas of fired heaters
Ceramic fiber
Blanket, Block, Module
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Why Convection Section?
Improved heatrecovery
Flue gas inlettemperature-
760-2,500C
Flue gas outlettemperature-
260-400F
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Convection Section
Fluid and flue gas arein a cross flowarrangement.
Tubes are laid out intriangular pitch.
Flue gas flow area isrectangular.
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Convection Section
Coils
Bare tubes
Extended surface tubes
Finned tubes
Studded tubes
CasingRefractory corbels
BAFFLES
BARE T UBE S
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Shield Section
The bottom part of theconvection section
shields it from direct
radiation.
Receives the heat from
both radiant and
convective means.
Bottom 2 or 3 rows are
considered as shield or
shock section.
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Convection Coils
Bare Tubes Located in the shock
section
Extended Surface Finned Tubes
Studded Tubes
Studded Finned
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H eader Boxes
The header box
houses the return
bends.
They are used in
convection
sections and
sometimes inradiant sections.
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Upper Radiant and Arch Section
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Tube Supports
Tubes in the radiant
and convection
section need to be
supported.
Tube supports keep
tubes straight and
support their weight.
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I ntermediate T ubeSheet
Convection Section
Intermediate Tubesheet
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Tube Suppor t M aterial
Radiant Section
25 Cr- 20 Ni ( SS 310 )
25 Cr- 12 Ni
50 Cr-50 NiConvection Section, in
addition to above
19 Cr-9 Ni 21/4 Cr- 1 Mo
5 Cr- 1/2 Mo Carbon Steel
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Peep D oors
One of the most
important components
for operation.
Provides a direct view
of what is happening
inside the firebox.
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wall
M ore H eaters Components
Arch
BreechingBridge
Access door
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M ore H eaters Components
Crossover
Corbels
TubePullingDoor
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M ore H eaters Components
Stack damper
Pier
Ladders andplatforms
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O ff takes and Stack A rrangement
Damper
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Stack
Strakes
Platforms
Ladders
STACK TIP
STRAKES
PLATFORMS
LADDERS
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Firebox Conf iguration
Vertical Cylindrical Box
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H orizontal Coil vs. V ert ical Coil
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Coil Layout H orizontal vs. V erticalI N L E T S
BURN E RS
F I N N E D T U B E S
S H I E L D T U B E S
C O N V E C T I O N
S E C T I O N
R A D I A N T
T U B E S
R A D I A N T
S E C T I O N
P E E P
D O O R
R A D I A N T
S E C T I O N
B U R N E
R S O U T L E T S
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End Wall Fired Floor Fired H eater
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S T A C K
C O N V E C T I O N
RADIANT
N atural D raf t
AI RB U R N E R
AI R
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HOT
AIR
S T A C K
DAMP E R
W I T H
A C T U A T O R
C OL D F L U E G AS
H O T F L U E G AS
Balanced D raf t
ID fanFD fan
C O N V E C T I O N
S E C T I O N
AI R
P R E H E A T E R
RADI AN T
S E C T I O N
COLD
AI R
B U R N E R I D
FA N
F D
FA N
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V ertical Cylindrical H eater with
H orizontal Convection Section
Low plot space requirement
Economical
Any number of passes
Convection section- compactdesign
Large, few burners
Tube lengths are limited to
18-20 m.Very popular design
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H orizontal TubeCabin H eater Size 6 -40 MMkcal/hr
Even number of passes
Small burners
Tube lengths up to26 ft
Large plot space
requirements
DAMP E R
F I N N E D T U B ES
S H I E L D T U B E S
R A D I A N T
S E CTI O N
S T A C K
B R E E C H I N G
C O N V E C T I O N
S E CTI O N
R A D I A N T
T U B E S
P E EP DO O R
B U R N E R FLO O R
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Twin Cell H orizontal Tube
Cabin H eaterS T A C K
DAMPER
Size 25- 75 MMkcal/hr
Additional radiant cells
possible
FI N N ED T U B ES
S H I E L D T U B E S
R A D I A N T
T U B E S
B R E E C H I N G
C O N V E C T I O N
S E C T I O N
R A D I A N T
S E C T I O N
PEEP
D O O R
R A D I A N T
S E C T I O N
B U R N E R S
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D ouble Fired V ert icalTube Box H eater
Features Uniform heat flux
Lower peak tube metal
temperatures
High temperature applications
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A rbor Coil H eaters
Features
Large manifolds
Parallel passes
Floor fired or endwall fired
Single or double
fired
DAMP ER
F I N N E D T U B E S
S H I E L D T U B E S
R A D I A N T
SEC TION
S T A C K
B R E E C H I N G
C O N V E C T I O N
SEC TION
R A D I A N T
T U B E S
B U R N E R S PEEP
D O O R S
FLOOR
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Ref inery H eaters
Four major building blocks
Atmospheric heater
Vacuum heater
Coker heater
Catalytic Reforming heater
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2
A tmospheric H eaters
Inlet temp = C
Outlet temp= C2Outlet pressure = kg/cm g2Pressure drop -
Largest
years run length
Avg. heat flux-
Coil material-
kg/cm
kcal/hrm
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2
V acuum H eater
Parameters
Inlet/Outlet temp.- / C
Outlet pressure- kg/cm2
g
Average heat transfer rate
kcal/hrmPressure drop - kg/cm
2
Outlet velocity- of sonicvelocity
Peak fluid temperature
Gradually increase pipe size oflast 3-4 tubes towards the outlet
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2
BREECHING
FINNED/
STUDDED TUBES
BARE TUBES
RADIANT
TUBES
STACK
DAMPER
CONVECTION
SECTION
RADIANT
SECTION
Coker H eater
Inlet temp.- C
Outlet temp. - C
Outlet pressure-psia
Average heat transfer ratekcal/hrm
PEEP
DOORSPressure drop -
Cold oil velocity-
m/s
kg/cm2
BURNERS
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2
Catalytic Reforming
H eater
Inlet/Outlet temp.
Stack
Damper
/ C
Operating pressureC o n v e c t i o n Section
kg/cm2
Typical heat fluxkcal/hrm
Pressure dropkg/cm
2per stage
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