2. heater nomenclature1.pdf

7/29/2019 2. heater nomenclature1.pdf

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HEATER

NOMENCLATURE

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H eater N omenclature

Three major components

Radiant Section

Convection Section Stack

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Radiant Section

Three major components

Firebox

Casing

Refractory Tube supports

Radiant Coil

Tubes

Bends

Burners

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Firebox Functions

House tubes andburners

Obtain completecombustion

Contain theflames

Avoidimpingement on

tubes

Distribute radiantheat uniformly

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Radiant Coils

The coil configuration

Horizontal

Vertical

Arbor

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Burners

Responsible forproviding heat

They mix the fuel and airto create a stable flame.

Position in the fireboxcan be:

In the floor

In the walls

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H eater Floor and Burner L ayout

RADIANT COIL

PEEP HOLES

ACCESS DOOR

REFRACTORY

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Refractory L ining for Fired H eaters

Contain hightemperaturecombustion

Protect steel casingand structure

Oxidation

Corrosion

ErosionMinimize heat losses

Inside of a stack with refractory lining of

concrete

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Types of Refractory

Insulating Firebrick

Hot-face layers.

Castables (concrete) All areas of fired heaters

Ceramic fiber

Blanket, Block, Module

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Why Convection Section?

Improved heatrecovery

Flue gas inlettemperature-

760-2,500C

Flue gas outlettemperature-

260-400F

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Convection Section

Fluid and flue gas arein a cross flowarrangement.

Tubes are laid out intriangular pitch.

Flue gas flow area isrectangular.

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Convection Section

Coils

Bare tubes

Extended surface tubes

Finned tubes

Studded tubes

CasingRefractory corbels

BAFFLES

BARE T UBE S

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Shield Section

The bottom part of theconvection section

shields it from direct

radiation.

Receives the heat from

both radiant and

convective means.

Bottom 2 or 3 rows are

considered as shield or

shock section.

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Convection Coils

Bare Tubes Located in the shock

section

Extended Surface Finned Tubes

Studded Tubes

Studded Finned

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H eader Boxes

The header box

houses the return

bends.

They are used in

convection

sections and

sometimes inradiant sections.

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Upper Radiant and Arch Section

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Tube Supports

Tubes in the radiant

and convection

section need to be

supported.

Tube supports keep

tubes straight and

support their weight.

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I ntermediate T ubeSheet

Convection Section

Intermediate Tubesheet

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Tube Suppor t M aterial

Radiant Section

25 Cr- 20 Ni ( SS 310 )

25 Cr- 12 Ni

50 Cr-50 NiConvection Section, in

addition to above

19 Cr-9 Ni 21/4 Cr- 1 Mo

5 Cr- 1/2 Mo Carbon Steel

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Peep D oors

One of the most

important components

for operation.

Provides a direct view

of what is happening

inside the firebox.

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wall

M ore H eaters Components

Arch

BreechingBridge

Access door

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Crossover

Corbels

TubePullingDoor

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Stack damper

Pier

Ladders andplatforms

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O ff takes and Stack A rrangement

Damper

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Stack

Strakes

Platforms

Ladders

STACK TIP

STRAKES

PLATFORMS

LADDERS

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Firebox Conf iguration

Vertical Cylindrical Box


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H orizontal Coil vs. V ert ical Coil


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Coil Layout H orizontal vs. V erticalI N L E T S

BURN E RS

F I N N E D T U B E S

S H I E L D T U B E S

C O N V E C T I O N

S E C T I O N

R A D I A N T

T U B E S

R A D I A N T

S E C T I O N

P E E P

D O O R

R A D I A N T

S E C T I O N

B U R N E

R S O U T L E T S

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End Wall Fired Floor Fired H eater

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S T A C K

C O N V E C T I O N

RADIANT

N atural D raf t

AI RB U R N E R

AI R

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HOT

AIR

S T A C K

DAMP E R

W I T H

A C T U A T O R

C OL D F L U E G AS

H O T F L U E G AS

Balanced D raf t

ID fanFD fan

C O N V E C T I O N

S E C T I O N

AI R

P R E H E A T E R

RADI AN T

S E C T I O N

COLD

AI R

B U R N E R I D

FA N

F D

FA N

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V ertical Cylindrical H eater with

H orizontal Convection Section

Low plot space requirement

Economical

Any number of passes

Convection section- compactdesign

Large, few burners

Tube lengths are limited to

18-20 m.Very popular design

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H orizontal TubeCabin H eater Size 6 -40 MMkcal/hr

Even number of passes

Small burners

Tube lengths up to26 ft

Large plot space

requirements

DAMP E R

F I N N E D T U B ES


R A D I A N T

S E CTI O N

S T A C K

B R E E C H I N G

C O N V E C T I O N

S E CTI O N

R A D I A N T

T U B E S

P E EP DO O R

B U R N E R FLO O R

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Twin Cell H orizontal Tube

Cabin H eaterS T A C K

DAMPER

Size 25- 75 MMkcal/hr

Additional radiant cells

possible

FI N N ED T U B ES


R A D I A N T

T U B E S

B R E E C H I N G

C O N V E C T I O N

S E C T I O N

R A D I A N T

S E C T I O N

PEEP

D O O R

R A D I A N T

S E C T I O N

B U R N E R S

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D ouble Fired V ert icalTube Box H eater

Features Uniform heat flux

Lower peak tube metal

temperatures

High temperature applications

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A rbor Coil H eaters

Features

Large manifolds

Parallel passes

Floor fired or endwall fired

Single or double

fired

DAMP ER

F I N N E D T U B E S


R A D I A N T

SEC TION

S T A C K

B R E E C H I N G

C O N V E C T I O N

SEC TION

R A D I A N T

T U B E S

B U R N E R S PEEP

D O O R S

FLOOR

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Ref inery H eaters

Four major building blocks

Atmospheric heater

Vacuum heater

Coker heater

Catalytic Reforming heater

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2

A tmospheric H eaters

Inlet temp = C

Outlet temp= C2Outlet pressure = kg/cm g2Pressure drop -

Largest

years run length

Avg. heat flux-

Coil material-

kg/cm

kcal/hrm

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2

V acuum H eater

Parameters

Inlet/Outlet temp.- / C

Outlet pressure- kg/cm2

g

Average heat transfer rate

kcal/hrmPressure drop - kg/cm

2

Outlet velocity- of sonicvelocity

Peak fluid temperature

Gradually increase pipe size oflast 3-4 tubes towards the outlet

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2

BREECHING

FINNED/

STUDDED TUBES

BARE TUBES

RADIANT

TUBES

STACK

DAMPER

CONVECTION

SECTION

RADIANT

SECTION

Coker H eater

Inlet temp.- C

Outlet temp. - C

Outlet pressure-psia

Average heat transfer ratekcal/hrm

PEEP

DOORSPressure drop -

Cold oil velocity-

m/s

kg/cm2

BURNERS

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2

Catalytic Reforming

H eater

Inlet/Outlet temp.

Stack

Damper

/ C

Operating pressureC o n v e c t i o n Section

kg/cm2

Typical heat fluxkcal/hrm

Pressure dropkg/cm

2per stage

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