Water Jet and
Abrasive Waterjet
Cutting
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Content
• Introduction
• Manufacturing Process
• Machining
• Machining Types
• Non Traditional Machining
• Classification
• Water Jet cutting
• Abrasive Water Jet Cutting
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
Introduction
It is now well established that conventional
machining methods are unable to meet the
challenges posed by the demand for
economic machining of ultra hard and high
strength materials to close tolerances.
Manufacturing Processes
primary processes
secondary processes
1
2
Machining
Machining is a broad term to describe
removal of material from a workpiece.
• Marching processes divided into two
groups
2.1 Traditional Machining Processes
2.2 Non-Traditional Machining Processes
2.1 Traditional Machining Processes
Definition:
Processes mostly remove material in the
form of chips by applying forces on the
work material
2.2 Non-Traditional Machining Processes
Definition:
a group of processes that remove material
without using the conventional tools
• Developed since World War II
Why Nontraditional Machining?
• high hardness and strength material.
• The work piece is too flexible
• The shape of the part is complex
• better surface finish or
• Temperature rise
Classification
Nontraditional Machining
a
Mechanical
b
Electrical
c
Thermal
d
Chemical
Type of energy required
Water Jet Cutting
Water Jet Cutting
(WJC) uses a fine,
high-pressure, high
velocity (faster than
speed of sound)
stream of water
directed at the work
surface to cause
slotting of the
material:
• no need for predrilled holes, no
heat, no workpiece deflection
• Very thin stream (0.18 to 0.4 mm
dia)
• Very little material loss due to
cutting
• Water inlet pressure between
20k-60k psi
• Uses a high velocity
• Not limited to machining – food
industry applications
Abrasive Water-Jet Cutting
Used to cut much harder
materials (metals & granite).
Water is not used directly to
cut material as in Pure,
instead water is used to
accelerate abrasive particles
which do the cutting.
Advantages
• No heat, no thermal stress, no damage.
• Does not leave a rough edge.
• Very little material is wasted (narrow cut slit).
• AJM is normally used as a finishing process
• Make all sorts of shapes with only one tool.
• Water is cheap, non-toxic & no environmental
pollution.
Disadvantages
• Limited materials to be cut.(WJM)
• No recycling of abrasives; abrasive grains are
fractured, worn and contaminated.(AWJM)
• Very thick parts cannot be cut.
• The kerf width in water jet cutting is very small
(Taper).
Applications
• Printed circuit boards
• Food preparation
• Cleaning Applications
• Highly used in aerospace (titanium
bodies), automotive (engine parts) and
electronics industries.
Water jet and Abrasive Water jet cutting
Laser Cutting
Plasma CuttingAbrasive Water jet cutting
Abrasive Water jet cutting
Conclusion
• Used not only in typical machining
applications, but food and soft-goods
industries.
• As material and pump technology advances
faster cutting rates, longer component life
and tighter tolerances will be achievable
• Paves the way for new machining
processes that embrace simplicity and have
a small environmental impact
Q&A