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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNI
AT LOS angele:
THE[MPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA
THE INDIAN EMPIREVOL.I
DESCRIPTIVE
NEW
EDITION
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY'S SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL
OXFORDAT THE CLARENDON PRESS1909
HENRY FROWDE,LONDON, EDINBURGH,
M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
NEW YORK
TORONTO AND MELBOURNE
m 405"
TO HIS MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY
KING EDWARDTHIS
VII
EMPEROR OF INDIA
WORK
IS
BY HIS ROYAL PERMISSION
DEDICATED
X)477^
GENERAL PREFACEThefirst
edition of TJie Imperial Gazetteer of India
\\-as
published
in
nine volumesfourteen
in
1881.
A
second
edition,
augmented1885-7.
to
volumes, was issued in the yearsarticle
A
revised
form of the
on India, greatlyof
enlarged and with statistics brought up to date, appeared as
an independent volume
in 1893,
under the
title
'
The
Indian
Empire
:
Its Peoples, History,
and Products.'
All of these
were edited by the
late Sir
William Wilson Hunter, K.C.S.I.,of the work as far back as 1869,
who formed the original plan when he was first entrustedstatistical
with the duty of organizing a
survey of the country, andin its final
who wrote most
of
'
TheHis
Indian Empire'
form with his own hand.
untimely death in 1900 has deprived the present edition ofthe advantages of his ripe experience and literaryskill.
The secondprint,it
edition having for
was resolved
some time passed out of by the Government of India that a newhave been introduced,
edition should be prepared in connexion with the Census of
1901.
The
changes, however, that
bothtion,
in the general
scheme and
in the
methods of compila-
may
justify its being considered as a
new work
rather
than a new edition.
The bulk
will
be raised from fourteen to;
twenty-six volumes, including a companion Atlassingle
and theHis-
volume of'
'
The Indian Empire'
'
has been expanded'
into four volumes, entitled respectivelytorical,'
Descriptive,'
'
Economic,' and
Administrative.'
Moreover, while
the main work will be arranged as before in alphabeticalorder,it is
intended to issue in India, for
official
and
local use,
a parallel series in which the several articles relating to each
Province or large group of States will be collected together in
vi
GENERAL PREFACENoless
separate volumes.
considerable are the changes that
Apart from the in methods of compilation. volume and a few other chapters of The Indian Empire,' the whole of the work has been written by ofhcials and every in India under orders of the Indian Governmenthave been madeHistorical' ;
page has been submitted to the
criticism
of the
several
Administrations or Departments concerned.
Theup
task of editorial supervision has been shared between
India and England.in consultation
In India the
first
outlines were
drawn
with Sir Herbert Risley, K.C.I.E., at the
time when he was Census Commissioner.tion to be
On;
his
nomina-
Secretary
in the
Home
Department, Mr.
W.
S.
Meyer, CLE., was appointed editor for India and to him are due the detailed regulations under which the greater part ofthe work has been executed, the general scheme of the Atlas,
and the primary revision of most of the chapters dealing with India as a whole. When he, in turn, was promoted to beSecretaryin
the Finance Department, he was succeeded
by
Mr, R. Burn, who has carried out the primary revision of
most of the other volumes, and otherwise completed the work The editor in England that had to be done in India.^throughout has been Mr.associated with SirJ.
S.
Cotton,in
who was
closely
W. W. Hunter
both the former editions.
On
him, in subordination to a committee appointed
by thefinal
Secretary of State, has rested the responsibility for the
form of the work, and the duty of seeing the whole throughthe press.
The volumesperiod,
of
'The Indian Empire' have been
entirely
rewritten, with the exception of the history of the British
where the personal impress of Siris
W. W.
Hunter's
knowledge and style
preserved.
The
principle adopted
waswith
to entrust each subject toit
an author best qualified to deal
either
by
special study or official experience.
The;
namesbut'
of the authors are usually
appended
to their chapters
in
other cases the text, as finally approved, can beeditors desire to acknowledge specially the services of Mr. V.
The Indian
Krishna Menon, their head clerk.
GENERAL PREFACEtheir contributions,
vii
regarded only as a composite production based largely upon
and their names are then recorded
else-
where.
This course has been found necessaryofficial
in order
to
maintain the character ofthe work.
authority that attaches to
The
articles that
make up the body
of the Gazetteer haveofficials
likewise been rewritten, for the
most part by
who hadnames
already acquired local experience as Census Superintendentsof their Provinces or States in 1901.will
Aand
list
of their
be found prefixed to the
first
volume of the Gazetteerofficials
proper.
As
in the
previous editions, the articles are based on
materials collectedStates,
by
District officers
of Native
supplemented by special contributions from experts.
More
detailed
acknowledgements
will
be found
in the prefaces It
to the volumes of the Provincial Gazetteers.
may
here be
mentioned
that, since
the last edition was compiled,
Upper
Burma andmuch more
Baluchistan have both been included within the
Empire, and two new Provinces have been constituted, whileaccurate informationis
now
available for
the
Native States generally.
To comein
to details.
Comparative
statistics
are usually;
given for the three Census years, 1881, 1891, and 1901
but
most cases
later figures for
1903-4 have been added.
The
most recent administrative changes have been incorporated orreferred to in footnotes, so far as possible.
No
novelties have
been introduced
in
the
way
of
spelling,
the usage
now
generally adopted in India having been followed, even wherethis
usage cannot be considered satisfactory or consistent.is
The only important changelength (~) for the accent(')
the substitution of the
mark ofhints for
over long vowels.
Some
guidance
in
pronunciation are given in an Introductory Note,
prefixed to each volume.
Another Introductory Note supplieshas not been found practic-
a brief explanation of the monetary system and the weights
and measures used
in Indiaj for
it
able to convert these uniformly into their
Enghsh
equivalents.
In the present volume, being the Descriptive volume of
'The Indian Empire,' chapters
i,
ii,
iv, v, vii, viii,
ix,
and x
viii
GENERAL PREFACEthem.Dr. Blanford died before he was able to revise his
have been written by the authors whose names are subscribedto
proofs.
Of the other
chapters, that on MeteorologyEliot,
is
based
upon materials contributed by Sir John and that on Ethnology and Caste hasfrom Sir H. Risley's chapterof India for 1901.in
K.C.I.E.,
been
abridged
the Report on the Census
The Index has been compiled by
Mr.
J.
W.
Browne.
'
INTRODUCTORY NOTESNotes on TransliterationVowel- Soundsa has the sound of a in a has the sound of a in'
woman.'father.''
'
e has the vowel-sound ini
grey.'
has the sound of
i in
*
pin.'
i
has the sound of
/ in
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