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Section 1200
1201. Environmental Management
1202. Introduction
This chapter describes the various environmental issues associated with the
activities of PWD and provides details of the environmental management measures that
shall be followed.
The objective of environmental management is to enhance the positive environmental
impacts and abate/ mitigate negative environmental impacts of construction activities and
related works. Good environmental management also ensures compliance with all
applicable National, State and Local Environmental legislations.
This chapter provides the following information:
Description of environmental issues relevant to PWD activities
List of applicable legislations at the national, state and local level
Institutional setting pertaining to legislation
Environmental clearance requirements
For regular works, the process to integrate environmental management measures with implementation.
For certain other works requiring further environmental studies prior to implementation, the process for conducting the Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) and developing the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
Environmental training & capacity-building
Environmental communication and consultation.
This chapter is supported with Appendices that provide guidance on various
environmental management activities.
1203. Environmental Issues in Roads, Bridges, Buildings and Others
Sustainable development with thrust on environmental protection has become the
cornerstone of the policies, programmes, procedures and practices governing the
development of industrial and infrastructure projects in India. PWD is committed to
prevent or mitigate environmental degradation and to promote the integration of the
environmental concerns in the development projects. The environmental issues to be
considered in all stages of the project are described here
1203.1. Land
Projects involving land disturbance, removal of vegetation and reshaping of
topography make the soil vulnerable to erosion, dust generation and generation of waste
materials. The mitigation measures shall be included in the planning and design stage to
ensure its effective implementation during the project execution. These include:
Compensatory planting.
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Ensure surface is reinstated, smooth and free of encumbrances.
Minimize waste from construction and reuse where possible.
Solid waste shall be placed to minimize intrusion into the carriageway in consultation with local Panchayat and municipal authorities.
Collect similar types of construction waste into common piles and dispose suitably.
Put general litter and waste into special purpose bins or remove to covered designated area and ensure it is contained.
1203.2 Air
Air pollution occurs when the air contains pollutants like gases, dust, fumes or
odour in harmful amounts that affect the health or comfort of humans and animals or
which could cause damage to plants and materials.
The sources of the air pollution in the infrastructure projects include, but not limited to;
Site clearance, transportation of men and materials, construction of temporary accommodations, stock yards, installation of construction plants during the pre
construction stage,
Operation of construction plants such as hot mix plant, concrete batching plant, crusher and wet mix macadam (WMM) plant,
Excavation of foundation, roadway and borrow areas,
Operation of machinery and vehicles,
Construction of roadway, buildings and bridges,
Stock piles of materials With the proper assessment of the degree of pollution from each source, required
mitigation measures and preventive measures can be delineated for the protection of air
quality from further degradation and keep the ambient air pollution levels of the project
area within limits stipulated in National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Some of the
measures for the prevention and mitigation of the air pollution due to the project are:
Selection of project location or preferred alignment and design
Fitting required air pollution control equipment for the machinery, plants and vehicles
With proper periodical maintenance and servicing of the pollution control equipment and the machinery, plant and vehicles
Limited tree cutting, and planting of more trees
Watering of the access roads and approach roads or provide seal coat
Watering of the materials before loading into the plants for reduction of dust generation
Limit the extent of disturbed areas and restore the disturbed areas
1203.3. Water
Water pollution is "the loss of any of the actual or potential beneficial uses of
water caused by any change in its composition due to human activity".
Source of the water pollution and impacts on the water environment include but not
limited to:
Loss of water resources such as relocation of wells, hand pumps, tube wells, loss/ filling part of water bodies and change in the flow pattern of water.
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Pollution of streams due to increase of sediment laden runoff,
Pollution of water sources from the oil spills, disposal of bituminous materials, stockyard of diesel, engine oil, chemicals, bitumen, emulsion etc.,
Disposal of wastewater generated from the temporary living facilities,
Wastewater generated from the operation of plants, cleaning of machinery and equipment,
Wash water from the workshop and washing bay. With the proper characterization and quantification of wastewater from each source,
required treatment facilities can be designed and implemented for the control of water
pollution. Some of the mitigation measures for the prevention and/ mitigation of the
water pollution are:
Controlling the generation of sediment, oil and grease, excess nutrients, organic matter, litter, debris and any form of waste (particularly petroleum and chemical
wastes) from a construction and disallowing these substances into the waterways,
storm water systems or underground water tables. Such materials shall be captured
before they reach drains and waterways by following methods: (i) Cover stockpiles or
spray water to suppress dust, (ii) Store all chemicals, fuels and other hazardous
liquids and solids according to manufacturers specifications within a bunded and
covered area or land depression away from waterways, (iii) Dispose of empty drums
and as soon as possible appropriately or through a licenced contractor or to a licenced
disposal centre and (iv) Water quality management e.g. using sandbags to filter water
and remove sediment and control litter;
Limiting the areas of disturbed land,
Progressively clearing the site in accordance with construction needs and rehabilitate as soon as possible,
Protect drainage lines with sediment basins and silt fences,
Construction of proper sanitation facilities for the disposal of the wastewater generated from the kitchen and toilets.
Construction of proper wastewater treatment facilities for the wastewater generated from the workshops, concrete batching plants, hot mix plants and wet mix macadam
(WMM) plants. Wash out ready-mix concrete agitators and concrete handling
equipment at such facilities. Such treatment plants shall be considered while planning
major infrastructure projects and the treated water shall be recycled and reused for
gardening or irrigation.
Rainwater harvesting shall be done as per Clause 5.5.12 of Part 9 Section I of National building code and the collected water shall be used for gardening, flushing,
firefighting or washing purposes.
1203.4. Noise and Vibration
Noise pollution is unwanted human-created sound that disrupts the environment.
The dominant form of noise pollution in the infrastructure projects is from vehicles,
machinery, equipment, construction plants, construction works and vehicles plying on the
road.
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The noise pollution from the project activities can be reduced with the proper planning
and design of the noise control measures and proper work planning. Some of the noise
control measures for the reduction of the noise from the project are as follows:
Use of quiet equipments, machinery, plant and vehicles available in the market
Proper maintenance of equipment, machinery, plant and vehicles
Installation of machinery with correct foundations to reduce to vibration
Enclosing the noisy equipment
Providing noise attenuation screens, wherever required
Proper planning of the working hours (noise generating activities scheduled for the middle of the day)
1203.5. Flora and fauna
Construction of road, bridges, buildings and other structures may impact flora and
fauna. The degree of the impact varies based on the location, scope and size of the
project. Some of the impacts that occur are:
Cutting of trees
Damage to the aquatic life
Damage to the fauna
Damage to national parks, wild life sanctuaries and reserve forests
Impacts on National Parks
Damage to Biosphere Reserves
Damage to the mangroves With assessment of the nature and scale of impacts on flora and fauna, required
preventive or mitigation measures can be addressed during the planning and design stage.
The damage to the biological environment can be prevented or reduced with the
implementation of preventive or mitigation measures designed during the planning and
design stage. Some of the common mitigation measures are:
Saving the trees as far as possible with proper design and alignment changes and selection of location of the project
With proper work planning during execution for the reduction of disturbance to the aquatic life
Providing proper animal crossings, water crossings, fencing and traffic control measures
Planting tree saplings by (i) providing temporary protective barrier around existing trees for protection during construction works, and (ii) not placing equipment or
excavate within 2 metres of a tree.
1203.6. Cultural Environment
There may be some impacts on the cultural environment due to the infrastructure
project during the pre construction and construction stages. The impact varies from loss
of the part of the property to the total property.
The negative impact on the cultural environment can be prevented by changing the
location of the project and / mitigated by the relocating or modifying the affected
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structure. An important aspect here is the timely and open communication with the
property owners and community by:
Speaking to the local representatives.
Placing a sign in a prominent position. Providing a newsletter to affected people.
1204. Environmental Regulations (National, State and Local)
The various prevailing environmental acts and rules relevant to the PWD
activities are listed here. This includes national Acts & Rules administered by the
Ministry of Environment & Forests, other national legislation that are relevant and state
Acts & Rules.
1204.1. National Level Acts
The following National Legislations are in force in Kerala
The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006
The Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995
The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997
The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
The Biological Diversity Act, 2002
Declaring Coastal Stretches as Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) and Regulating Activities in the CRZ.
The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958
The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996
In Appendix 1200.1, a brief description of these Acts as well as their implementing
agency has been provided.
1204.2. Other national legislation to be followed
In addition to the above detailed legislations, the rules and conditions of the following
Acts/ Legislations have to be followed
Explosives Act, 1884 and Explosive Rules, 1983:
Petroleum Act, 1934 and Petroleum Rules, 2002:
The Mines and Minerals (Regulations and Development) Act, 1957 and rules there under.
In Appendix1200.1, a brief description of these Acts & Rules as well as their
implementing agency has been provided.
1204.3. State Level Legislation and other Acts
The additional legislation, which are to be followed in Kerala, are as follows:
Kerala Forest Act and amendments
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Kerala Forest Rules
Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) Act
Kerala Forest (Vesting & Management of Ecologically Fragile Lands) Act & Rules.
Government Order – Kerala Forest (Vesting & Management of Ecologically Fragile Lands) Rules – Constitution of Tribunal
Kerala Preservation of Trees Act
Kerala Forest Produce Transit Rules
Kerala Restriction on Cutting and Destruction of Valuable Trees Rules.
Forest Settlement Rules
Kerala Captive Elephants (Management and Maintenance)
Kerala Costal Zone Management Authority
In the particular context of the various PWD activities, these legislations should be
reviewed for their relevance in the context of each works / projects that being proposed
for implementation.
1205. Organizations implementing environmental regulations
Strict enforcement of the environmental regulations, legislation, policy guidelines
may impact the project, as many Government agencies are responsible for issuing of
permissions and monitoring of implementation of compliances to the conditions of the
permissions issued. The following agencies would play important roles in the case of
projects.
1205.1. Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)
MoEF is the nodal agency in the administrative structure of the Central
Government, for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and overseeing the
implementation of environmental and forestry programmes. The principal activities
undertaken by Ministry of Environment & Forests, consist of conservation & survey of
flora, fauna, forests and wildlife, prevention & control of pollution, afforestation and
regeneration of degraded areas and protection of environment, in the framework of
legislations.
MoEF has set up regional offices. The regional office for the State of Kerala is located at
Bangalore in the neighbouring state of Karnataka. This office is responsible for collection
and furnishing of information relating to EIA of projects, pollution control measures,
methodology and status, legal and enforcement measures and environmental protection in
special conservation areas such as national parks, sanctuaries, wetlands, and mangroves.
1205.2. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
CPCB is a statutory authority attached to the MoEF and located in New Delhi. The
main functions include the following:
Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and control of water and air pollution,
Plan and execute a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
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Co-ordinate the activities of the State Board and resolve disputes among them;
Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards;
Plan and organise training of persons engaged in programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
Organise through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to water and air pollution;
Lay down, modify or annul emissions and air / water quality standards,
Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines, and
Disseminate information.
1205.3. Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB)
Established in 1974 (renamed to its present name in 1984), KSPCB is entrusted
with the implementation of the Water Act, Water Cess Act Air Act, Public Liability
Insurance Act, Environment (Protection) Act and various rules and notifications under
the same.
Working under the Department of Health & Family Welfare of the Government of
Kerala, KSPCB has its head office at Thiruvananthapuram, regional offices at Ernakulam
and Kozhikode, district offices at Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Pathanamthitta,
Alappuzha, Kottayam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Malappuram and Kannur. KSPCB also has a
central laboratory at Ernakulam and there are laboratories attached to all the field offices.
1205.4. State Department of Science, Technology & Environment
In relation to environmental matters, this State Department performs the functions
similar to the MoEF at the state level. MoEF has delegated certain functions to the State
DoE to oversee. For instance, establishing and ensuring adherence to the State Coastal
Zone Management Plan (CZMP), which is in line with the CRZ Notification, 1991, is a
function of the State DoE. The DoE houses the Coastal Zone Management Authority,
which provides the CRZ clearance after verifying that it is in line with the CZMP.
1205.5. Kerala State Forest Department
The Kerala State Forest Department is responsible for the protection and
managing the notified forests and associated wildlife within the state. The Department is
headed by Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, and is supported by Chief Conservator
of Forests responsible for its various functions. For general administration there are forest
circles headed by Conservators, under their jurisdiction forest Divisions controlled by
Divisional Forest Officers. Each Division is further sub divided by basic units – Forest
Ranges manned by Forest Rangers reporting to the Divisional Forest Officers.
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1206. Environmental and other related clearances
Various environmental, labour and other departmental permissions may be
required for the PWD activities prior to implementation. An indicative list of clearances
and the responsible department / board are included in the following table.
S. No Clearance Department/ Board
1. Environmental Clearance MoEF/ State Department of Science, Technology & Environment / State Pollution Control Board
2. 2 Forestry Clearance Central/ State Forest Department
3. 1 Consent For Establishment and Consent for Operation of
Construction Plants
Kerala State Pollution Control Board
4. 3 Permission for withdrawal of ground water from the regulatory
zones
Central Ground Water Board/ Authority
5. 4 Permission for taking surface water Irrigation Department
6. 5 Labour licence State Labour Department
7. 6 License for Setting up of Diesel Pumps
Department of Explosives
8. 7 Registration of Workers Kerala State Construction Workers Welfare Board
9. 8 Permission for opening of new quarries for aggregates
Department of Mines and Geology
10. 10
PUC Certificate for Vehicles and
Machinery
Road Transport Department
11. 10
Permission for setting up of labour
camps
Local Health Departments and Local Body
Based on the works / projects being done, PWD needs to ensure the necessary clearances
are obtained prior to implementation and the clearance conditions are met during
implementation.
1206.1. Regular works / projects – Standard EMP
In the regular works / projects of the PWD, the environmental issues needs to be
properly and effectively managed. In principle, PWD needs to ensure the following in all
its regular works / projects:
Avoid or minimize tree cutting as far as possible; if tree cutting is unavoidable, make plans for compensatory plantation,
Protect the state ecosensitive areas such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, reserve forests and coastal zones,
Reduce litter, sediment and pollutants entering waterways and the land,
Reduce noise, vibration and air emissions,
Minimise waste and dispose of it appropriately,
Use resources efficiently and reduce energy & material consumption,
Provide the safety of workers, road users and those in the neighbourhood,
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Provide safe, clean and hygiene labour camps, if these are required,
Keep people affected by the construction activities regularly informed.
To operationalise these activities, a standard EMP (Appendix 1200.2) shall form a part of
the PWD standard bid documents / contract agreements and shall be adhered by the
contractor who executes the work. PWD shall strive to ensure that the contractors‟s
activities deliver quality construction without compromising on environmental
performance. The standard EMP applies to the activities in construction site and ancillary
activities such as the transportation of materials, sourcing of material and borrow areas.
The contractor is responsible for ensuring all sub-contractors and any other people
working on the project are aware of environmental issues and are in compliance to the
EMP requirements.
In addition to the standard EMP, there are additional guidance documents such as (i)
Guidance on Oxbow lands – Appendix 1200.3, (ii) Guidance on quarry and borrow area
management – Appendix 1200.4, (iii) Guidance on Landscaping & Tree Species –
Appendix 1200.5 and (iv) Guidance for Public Consultations – Appendix 1200.6.
Wherever applicable, the PWD shall ensure that these guidance documents are used and
measures are in practice. PWD shall provide cross-references to these guidance
documents in the standard bid documents / contract agreements as required.
In the context of the regular works / projects, PWD shall review the standard EMP and
other guidance documents in order to determine whether additional Bill-Of-Quantities
(BOQ) items are necessary to achieve good environmental performance. If required,
PWD shall ensure that these additional BOQ items are included in the standard bid
documents / contract agreements.
Documentary evidence shall be available to demonstrate compliance with the standard
EMP. This can include periodic progress reports, file notes, audit reports, photographs,
minutes of meetings or video. The contractor shall retain in safekeeping for perusal by
the PWD.
Failure to reasonably satisfy and comply with the standard EMP requirements may result
in the contractor receiving partial payment against the contract claims and also a noting in
the contractor‟s performance certificate.
1207. Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) &
preparing Environmental Management Plans (EMP) where required
For certain works / projects, separate environmental impact assessments have to
be conducted. This may be due to the MoEF requirements or funding agency – such as
the World Bank or Asian Development Bank – requirements. This may also be due to the
possible impacts on eco-sensitive areas or due to the large scale environmental impacts
across the state. In all such cases, separate environmental impact assessments (EIAs) will
be conducted and relevant environmental management plans (EMPs) will be prepared.
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EIA is an accepted planning tool, which is integral to project decision-making. The
objective of EIA is to foresee the potential environmental problems that would arise out
of a proposed development and address them in the project's planning and design stage.
EIA integrates the environmental concerns of the project activities right at the time of
initiating for preparing the feasibility report. With this process, the environmental
concerns and mitigation measures can be integrated in project development. The stages
in a typical EIA are as follows: Screening Screening is done to see whether a project requires environmental
clearance as per the statutory notifications.
Scoping Scoping is a process of detailing the terms of reference of EIA.
Baseline Data
Collection
Baseline data describes the existing environmental status of the
identified study area. The site-specific primary data shall be
monitored for the identified parameters and supplemented by
secondary data if available.
Impact Prediction
Impact prediction is a way of „mapping‟ the environmental
consequences of the significant aspects of the project and its
alternatives. Environmental impact can never be predicted with
absolute certainty and there is all the more reason to consider all
possible factors and take all possible precautions for reducing the
degree of uncertainty
Assessment of
Alternatives,
Delineation of
Mitigation Measures
and Environmental
Impact Assessment
Report
Possible alternatives shall be identified and environmental attributes
compared. Alternatives shall cover both project location and process
technologies. Alternatives shall consider „no project‟ option also.
Alternatives shall then be ranked for selection of the best
environmental option for optimum economic benefits to the
community at large.
Once alternatives have been reviewed, a mitigation plan shall be
drawn up for the selected option and is supplemented with an EMP
for the implementation. The EMP is a crucial input to monitoring the
clearance conditions and therefore details of monitoring shall be
included in the EMP.
An EIA report shall provide clear information to the decision-maker
on the different environmental scenarios without the project, with the
project and with project alternatives. Uncertainties shall be clearly
reflected in the EIA report.
Public Hearing
Law requires that the public must be informed and consulted on a
proposed development after the completion of EIA report.
Decision Making
Decision making process involve consultation between the project
proponent (assisted by a consultant) and the impact assessment
authority (assisted by an expert group if necessary)
Monitoring of the
Clearance Conditions
Monitoring shall be done during both construction and operation
phases of a project.
Conducting EIAs and preparing EMPs are studies that are done by external consultants
on behalf of the PWD. Taking into account the particular context of these works /
projects, the PWD shall prepare terms of reference for conducting the EIAs and preparing
the EMPs. PWD shall refer to the EIA Notification 2006 for information on various
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aspects of conducting EIAs, its knowledge of the state and the dimensions of the
proposed works / projects in preparing the terms of reference. The external consultants
will be selected using the Government procurement procedures. Once mobilized, the
external consultants conduct the studies and prepare reports that are to be reviewed and
accepted by the PWD. Based on the report outcomes, the project planning and design
shall be changed so that the environmental impacts are minimized.
EMP is a project specific plan with the following contents:
Table of preventive, mitigation and compensation measures (collectively referred as “management measures”) for all identified significant impacts at the pre-construction,
construction and operational stages of the project; Guidance for preparing the
management measures is included in Appendix 1200.7.
Organisational arrangements, training and capacity-building initiatives required to implement the management measures, and
Work program, time schedule and budgetary estimates.
An EMP may include construction safety management plans for high-risk events or
events with potential for significant environmental damage such as fires, fuel spills or
explosions.
In preparing the EMP, the PWD shall advise the consultants to refer to the Guidance for
preparing project-specific EMPs (Appendix 1200.7) for major projects. This includes a
typical table of management measures that need to be considered. In addition to the
Guidance on preparing project-specific EMPs, there are other guidance documents such
as (i) Guidance on Oxbow lands – Appendix 1200.3, (ii) Guidance on quarry and borrow
area management – Appendix 1200.4, (iii) Guidance on Landscaping & Tree Species –
Appendix 1200.5 and (iv) Guidance for Public Consultations – Appendix 1200.6. PWD
shall provide cross-references to these guidance documents in the project-specific EMPs
and standard bid documents / contract agreements as required.
In the context of these works / projects, PWD – with support from the external
consultants - shall necessarily review the project-specific EMP in order to determine
whether additional BOQ items are necessary to achieve good environmental
performance. If these are required, then PWD shall make sure that BOQ items are
included in the bid / contract documents.
Like other civil works, the project-specific EMP shall form a part of the contract
agreement and shall be implemented by the contractor. Supervision of project-specific
EMP implementation can be carried out by the PWD or given to Supervision Consultants
(SC) based on the PWD capacity and the scale of the project. The contractor has to
prepare his schedule for the physical implementation of the project-specific EMP and
take periodic consent of the supervision authority as stipulated in the project-specific
EMP. PWD has to ensure that the contractor obtains the necessary environmental
clearances and also adheres to the project-specific EMP requirements through the pre-
construction and construction stages.
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After the construction stage is completed, the project-specific EMP will include activities
during the operational phase. PWD shall ensure that these activities and ensure that the
project-specific EMP is complied throughout the project cycle.
1208. Environmental management training & capacity-building
PWD will ensure that the induction and refresher training programmes cover
environmental management as well. PWD‟s Environmental Cell shall develop, establish
and maintain training modules on a variety of environmental subjects that will include the
following:
General awareness module on environmental issues in construction of roads, bridges and buildings;
Skill training on effective environmental planning and designing of roads. This will include issues such as avoidance of ecosensitive areas, minimizing tree-cutting
through proper choice of alignment, arranging for compensatory plantation,
Skill training on good environmental practices in construction camp management. This will include top soil storage, hot mix plant operation, WMM plant operation,
concrete batching plant operation, diesel dispensing station operation, labour camp
management, workshop maintenance, waste management, and general housekeeping.
Skill training on good environmental practices in quarry and borrow management.
Skill training on managing tree cutting, transplantation, compensatory tree plantation and their maintenance, landscaping and oxbow land development.
Skill training on environmental management tools such as EIA, EMP, public / stakeholder consultations and environmental auditing.
Awareness training on environmental laws and their relevance to PWD activities.
PWD shall also identify staff within the Department who have the background or aptitude
or interest or flair for environmental management issues, and develop them as trainers on
environmental management issues. PWD shall organize specific train-the-trainer
programmes for them, and also equip them with the required skills & facilities to
effectively conduct training for other PWD staff.
PWD shall also periodically send its staff to training programmes on environmental
management nationally and internationally.
List of Appendices
The following are the list of appendices pertaining to environment management:
Environmental Regulations (National, State and Local) – Appendix 1200.1
Standard EMP for projects / works – Appendix 1200.2 Guidance on Oxbow lands – Appendix 1200.3
Guidance on quarry and borrow area management – Appendix 1200.4
Guidance on Landscaping & Tree Species – Appendix 1200.5
Guidance for Public Consultations - – Appendix 1200.6 Guidance for preparing project-specific EMP where required – Appendix 1200.7
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Appendix 1200.1 Environmental Regulations (National, State and Local) Management
˜Sl
No.
Name of Act/ Rule Brief description Implementing Agency
1. The Environmental Protection Act, 1986,
and the
Environmental
Impact Assessment
(EIA) Notification,
2006
This includes air, noise and water quality standards and the requirements for the
preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) statements for
developmental projects. Expansion or modernization of any activity shall not
be undertaken in any part of India unless it has been accorded environmental
clearance by the Union Government, in accordance with the procedures
specified in this notification. As per the procedure, anybody who desires to
undertake any project is required to submit a detailed project report, which shall
inter-alia include an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
As per the EIA Notification 2006, (i) new State highways and (ii) expansion of
State highways greater than 30 km involving additional right of way greater
than 20m involving land acquisition are classified as Category „B‟ projects.
Also, (i) buildings ≥20000 sq.mtrs and
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1981 (respectively) Empowered for conduct of public hearing of all projects including road
projects.
Kerala State Pollution
Control Board
3. The Public Liability
Insurance Act, 1991
An Act to provide for public liability insurance for the purpose of providing
immediate relief to the persons affected by accident occurring while handling
any hazardous substance (defined under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986
and exceeding such quantity as may be specified by notification by the central
Government.) and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
Kerala State Pollution
Control Board
4. The National Environment
Tribunal Act, 1995
An Act to provide for strict liability for damages arising out of any accident
occurring while handling any hazardous substance and for the establishment of
a National Environment Tribunal for effective and expeditious disposal of cases
arising from such accident, with a view to giving relief and compensation for
damages to persons, property and the environment and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto.
Ministry of Environment
& Forests
5. The National Environment
Appellate Authority Act,
1997
An Act to provide for the establishment of a National Environment Appellate
Authority to hear appeals with respect to restriction of areas in which any
industries, operations or processes or class of industries, operations or processes
shall not be carried out or shall be carried out subject to certain safeguards
under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto.
Ministry of Environment
& Forests
6. The Forest (Conservation)
Act, 1980
The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 pertains to the cases of diversion of forest
area and felling of roadside plantation. Depending on the size of the tract to be
cleared, clearances are applied for at the following levels of government:
Restrictions and clearance procedure proposed in the Forest (Conservation) Act
applies wholly to the natural forest areas, even in case the protected/designated
forest area does not have any vegetation cover.
Area of forests to be cleared or diverted exceeds 40ha (or, 10ha in hilly area) Ministry of Environment
and Forests
Area of forest to be cleared or diverted is less than 40ha. Chief Conservator of
Forests or Conservator of
Forests of the concerned
Regional Office of the
Ministry of Environment
and Forests.
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7. The Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972
Establish a number of National Parks and Sanctuaries, to protect and conserve
the flora and fauna.
Ministry of Environment
& Forests
8. The Biological Diversity
Act, 2002
An Act to provide for conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its
components and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use
of biological resources, knowledge and for matters connected therewith or
incidental thereto.
To develop national strategies, plans, programmes for the conservation and
promotion and sustainable use of biological diversity including measures for
identification and monitoring of areas rich in biological resources, promotion of
in situ, and ex situ, conservation of biological resources, incentives for research,
training and public education to increase awareness with respect to biodiversity.
Ministry of Environment
& Forests
9. Coastal Regulation
Zone (CRZ) and Regulating
Activities in CRZ.
(Notification)
Coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which
are influenced by tidal action (in the landward side) upto 500 metres from the
High Tide Line (HTL) and the land between the Low Tide Line (LTL) and the
HTL as Coastal Regulation Zone; and imposes restrictions on the setting up and
expansion of industries including construction of infrastructure projects,
operations or processes, etc. in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ).
Ministry of Environment
& Forests
Kerala Science
Technology &
Environment Department
10. The Motor Vehicles Act,
1988
Enforce standards for prevention and control of vehicular pollution . The
authority also checks emission standards of registered vehicles, collects road
taxes, and issues licenses Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUC)
programme to control vehicular emissions.
State Transport Authority
11. The Ancient Monuments ,
Archaeological Sites and
Remains Act, 1958
According to this Act, area within radii of 100m and 300m from the “protected
property” are designated as “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively.
No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is
permitted in the “protected `area” and development activities likely to damage
the protected property are not permitted in the “controlled area”.
1. Archaeological Survey
of India (ASI) if the
site/remains/ monuments
are protected by ASI
2. State Department of
Archaeology if these are
protected by the State
12. The Building and other
Construction Workers
(Regulation of Employment
and Conditions of Service)
All the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work
and employ 10 or more workers are covered under this Act. All such
establishments are required to pay cess at rate not exceeding 2% of the cost of
construction as may be notified by the Government. The employer of the
The employer to whom
the Act applies has to
obtain a registration
certificate from the
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Act 1996
establishment is required to provide safety measures at the Building or
Construction work and other welfare measures, such as Canteens, First-aid
facilities, Ambulance, Housing accommodation for workers near the workplace
etc..
Registering Officer
appointed by the
Government
13. Explosives Act, 1884 and
Explosive Rules, 1983
An act, to regulate manufacture, possession, use, sale, transport, import and
export of explosives.
Central Government
(Department of
Explosives)
14. Petroleum Act, 1934 and
Petroleum Rules, 2002
An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the import, transport,
storage, production, refining and blending of petroleum.
Central Government
15. The Mines and Minerals
(Regulations and
Development) Act, 1957 and
rules there under
An Act and rules to provide for the regulation of mines and the development of
minerals to be followed for the extraction of the sand and aggregates through
mining.
State Government
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Appendix 1200.2 Standard EMP for Projects / Works
S. No. Environmental
Issue Management Measures
A. INITIAL JOINT VERIFICATION
W.A.1
Initial Joint Field
Verification for
modifying contract
documents
The PWD and the Contractor will carry out joint field verification to ascertain the possibility to saving
trees, environmental and community resources.
The verification exercise should assess the need for additional protection measures or changes in
design/scale/nature of protection measures including the efficacy of enhancement measures suggested in the
EMP. Proper documentation and justifications/reasons shall be maintained in all such cases where deviation
from the original EMP is proposed.
W.A.2
Relocation of
Community
Utilities &
Common Property
Resources.
All community utilities and properties i.e., water supply lines, sewer lines, bank buildings, health centers,
schools, health clinics and veterinary hospitals will be relocated before construction starts, on any section of
the project corridor. The PWD will relocate these properties in consultation and written agreement with the
agency/ owner/community. The schools and health centers will be constructed as per the relevant state
norms.
All other community property resources within the corridor of impact such as hand pumps, ponds, grazing
lands etc. will be relocated.
The relocation sites for these schools will be identified in accordance with the choice of the community.
Environmental considerations with suitable/required actions including health and hygiene aspects will be
kept in mind while relocating all community utilities and resources.
All religious property resources such as shrines, temples and mosques within the project zone will be
relocated.
Sites for the relocation of these religious structures will be identified in accordance with the choice of the
community. The NGO and PWD in consultation with local people will finalize design of these temples. As
far as possible, the architectural elements of the structure should be conserved/reflected/translated into the
design of new structures.
The entire process (i.e. selection of relocation sites and designs) will be under supervision of the PWD. The
relocation will be completed before the construction starts in these sites.
W.A.3 Cultural properties The contractor shall take necessary care to ensure no impact on cultural properties such as (i) historic sites
and remains, (ii) places of worship including temples, mosques, churches and shrines, (iii) graveyards and
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Issue Management Measures
monuments and other important structures as identified during the design.
As per design, if there are works that impact these cultural properties, the contractor shall execute the works
in close co-ordination with the PWD and the local community.
B. FLORA & FAUNA
W.B.1 Preservation of
Trees
All efforts will be made to preserve trees including evaluation of minor design adjustments/alternatives (as
applicable) to save trees. Specific attention will be given for protecting giant trees, green tunnels and locally
important trees (religiously important etc.).
Tree cutting is to proceed only after all the legal requirements including attaining of In-principle and
Formal Clearances from the Forest Dept./DoEF/MoEF are completed and subsequently a written order is
issued to the Contractor.
Particular species declared as ‘protected’ by the State’s Forest Dept. in the private land will be felled only
after due clearance from the Forest Dept. is obtained.
In the event of design changes, additional assessments including the possibility to save trees shall be made.
Stacking, transport and storage of the wood will be done as per the relevant norms.
Systematic corridor level documentation for the trees cut and those saved will be maintained by the PWD.
The contractor will adhere to the separate PWD Guidance on landscaping and tree species.
W.B.2 Compensatory
Plantation
The contractor will undertake compensatory plantation for every tree cut. The plantation will be at least 2
trees planted for every tree cut.
The contractor will do the plantation along the ROW wherever feasible.
Minimum 80 percent survival rate of the saplings will be acceptable otherwise the contractor will replace
dead plants at his own cost. The contractor will maintain the plantation till they handover the project site to
PWD.
The PWD will inspect regularly the survival rate of the plants and compiance to agreed plans.
W.B.3 Clearing and
Grubbing
Vegetation will be removed from the construction zone before commencement of construction. All works
will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora other than those identified for cutting is
minimal.
Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works will
be removed with prior approval from the PWD.
The contractor, under any circumstances will not cut or damage trees. Trees identified under the project will
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Issue Management Measures
be cut only after receiving clearance from the Forest Dept./DoEF/MoEF (as applicable) and after the receipt
of PWD’s written permission in this regard.
Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm will be considered as trees and shall be compensated, in the event
of PWD’s instruction to undertake tree cutting.
W.B.4 Fauna and wildlife The contractor shall ensure that none of its workers adversely affect any fauna or wildlife. Hunting will be
strictly prohibited.
C. BORROW AREAS & QUARRIES
W.C.1 Borrow Areas
Finalizing borrow areas for borrowing earth and all logistic arrangements as well as compliance to
environmental requirements, as applicable, will be the sole responsibility of the contractor.
The Contractor will not start borrowing earth from select borrow area until the formal agreement is signed
between land owner and contractor and a copy is submitted to the PWD.
Locations finalized by the contractor shall be reported to the PWD and who will in turn report to PWD.
Format for reporting will be as per the Reporting Format for Borrow Area and will include a reference map.
Planning of haul roads for accessing borrow materials will be undertaken during this stage. The haul roads
shall be routed to avoid agricultural areas as far as possible and will use the existing village roads wherever
available.
In addition to testing for the quality of borrow materials, the PWD will be required to inspect every borrow
area location prior to approval (follow criteria for evaluation of borrow areas).
Contractor shall adhere to the separate Guidelines on Borrow area management.
W.C.2 Quarrying
Contractor shall acquire material only from approved and licensed quarries. If contractor intends to develop
a new quarry, then all the approvals and licenses must be obtained prior to withdrawing material from the
quarry. Contractor shall adhere to the separate Guidelines on quarry management.
D. CONSTRUCTION CAMP
W.D.1
Arrangements for
Temporary Land
Requirement
The contractor as per prevalent rules will carry out negotiations with the landowners for obtaining their
consent for temporary use of lands for construction sites/hot mix plants/traffic detours/borrow areas etc.
The PWD will be required to ensure that the clearing up of the site prior to handing over to the owner (after
construction or completion of the activity) is included in the contract.
W.D. 2 Crushers, hot-mix
plants and Batching
Hot mix plants and batching plants will be sited sufficiently away from settlements and agricultural
operations or any commercial establishments. Such plants will be located at least 150 m away from the
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Issue Management Measures
Plants Location nearest village/settlement preferably in the downwind direction.
The Contractor shall submit a detailed lay-out plan for all such sites and approval of PWD shall be
necessary prior to their establishment.
Arrangements to control dust pollution through provision of wind screens, sprinklers, dust encapsulation
will have to be provided at all such sites.
Specifications of crushers, hot mix plants and batching plants will comply with the requirements of the
relevant current emission control legislations and Consent/NOC for all such plants shall be submitted to the
PWD.
The Contractor shall not initiate plant/s operation till the required legal clearances are obtained and
submitted.
W.D.3
Other Construction
Vehicles,
Equipment and
Machinery
All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured for construction will confirm to the relevant Bureau
of India Standard (BIS) norms. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection
Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to.
Noise limits for construction equipments to be procured such as compactors, rollers, front loaders concrete
mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A), measured at one meter from the
edge of the equipment in free field, as specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
The Contractor shall maintain a record of PUC for all vehicles and machinery used during the contract
period.
W.D.4 Arrangement for
Construction Water
The contractor will use ground water as a source of water for the construction and will set up the own bore
well facility for construction work.
Contractor can use the ponds, which are not in use by community or identified to fill up for the project, but
in that case, before using any pond water contractor will obtain written consent from the owner and submit
to PWD.
To avoid disruption/disturbance to other water users, the contractor will extract water from fixed locations
and consult the PWD before finalizing the locations.
The Contractor will provide a list of locations and type of sources from where water for construction will be
used.
The contractor will not be allowed to pump from any irrigation canal and surface water bodies used by
community.
The contractor will need to comply with the requirements of the State Ground Water Department and seek
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their approval for doing so and submit copies of the permission to PWD prior to initiating the works.
Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period at his own
costs. The Contractor will submit a list of source/s from where water will be used for the project to PWD.
The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the wastage of water in the construction process/
operation.
W.D.5 Potable water for
labour
The Contractor will also provide potable water facilities within the precincts of every workplace in an
accessible place, as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of
Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.
The contractor will also guarantee the supply of sufficient quantity of potable water (as per IS) in every
workplace/labor camp site at suitable and easily accessible places and regular maintenance of such
facilities.
E. CONSTRUCTION WASTES
W.E.1
Generation of
Debris from
dismantling
structures and road
surface
Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing road will be suitably reused in the proposed
construction, subject to the suitability of the materials and approval of the PWD as follows:
The sub grade of the existing pavement shall be used as embankment fill material.
The existing base and sub-base material shall be recycled as sub-base of the haul road or access roads
The existing bitumen surface may be utilized for the paving of cross roads, access roads and paving works
in construction sites and campus, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes etc.
The contractor will suitably dispose off unutilized debris materials either through filling up of borrow areas
located in wasteland or at pre-designated disposal locations, subject to the approval of the PWD.
At locations identified for disposal of residual bituminous wastes, the disposal will be carried out over a 60
mm thick layer of rammed clay so as to eliminate the possibility of leaching of wastes into the ground
water. The contractor will ensure that the surface area of such disposal pits is covered with a layer of soil.
All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and
clearing debris, will be considered incidental to the work and will be planned and implemented by the
contractor as approved and directed by the PWD.
The pre-designed disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be
prepared by Contractor in consultation and with approval of PWD.
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S. No. Environmental
Issue Management Measures
Debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall be disposed such that it does not
flow into the surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the area.
The contractor shall identify dumping sites. The identified locations will be reported to the PWD. These
locations will be checked on site and accordingly approved by PWD prior to any disposal of waste
materials.
W.E.2 Other Construction
Wastes Disposal
The pre-identified disposal locations will be a part of Waste Disposal to be prepared by the Contractor in
consultation and with approval of PWD. Location of disposal sites will be finalized prior to completion of
the earthworks on any particular section of the road.
The PWD will approve these disposal sites after conducting a joint inspection on the site with the
Contractor.
Contractor will ensure that any spoils of material unsuitable for embankment fill will not be disposed off
near any water course, agricultural land, and natural habitat like grass lands or pastures. Such spoils from
excavation can be used to reclaim borrow pits and low-lying areas located in barren lands along the project
corridors (is so desired by the owner/community).All waste materials will be completely disposed and the
site will be fully cleaned and certified by PWD before handing over.
The contractor at its cost shall resolve any claim, arising out of waste disposal or any non-compliance that
may arise on account of lack of action on his part.
F. SOIL & DRAINAGE
W.F.1
Stripping, stocking
and preservation of
top soil
The top soil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered will be stripped to a specified
depth of 150 mm and stored in stockpiles. A portion of the temporarily acquired area and/or Right of Way
will be earmarked for storing topsoil. The locations for stock piling will be pre-identified in consultation
and with approval of PWD. The following precautionary measures will be taken to preserve them till they
are used:
(a) Stockpile will be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and height of
the pile is restricted to 2 m. To retain soil and to allow percolation of water, the edges of the pile will be
protected by silt fencing.
(b) Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a minimum
to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or vegetation.
(c) It will be ensured by the contractor that the top soil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before
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Issue Management Measures
stripping or when in stockpiles.
Such stockpiled topsoil will be utilized for -
Covering all disturbed areas including borrow areas (not those in barren areas)
Top dressing of the road embankment and fill slopes
Filling up of tree pits, in the median and
In the agricultural fields of farmers, acquired temporarily. Residual topsoil, if there is any will be utilized for the plantation at median and side of the main
carriageway.
W.F.2 Landslides Along landslide prone areas in hilly terrain, the slopes need to be stablised. As drainage is most critical at
these locations, proper drainage needs to be constructed at these locations.
W.F.3 Drainage and Flood
Control
Contractor will ensure that no construction materials like earth, stone, ash or appendage disposed off so as
not to block the flow of water of any water course and cross drainage channels.
Contractor will take all necessary measures to prevent the blockage of water flow. In addition to the design
requirements, the contractor will take all required measures as directed by the PWD to prevent temporary or
permanent flooding of the site or any adjacent area.
Proper drainage should be arranged in the construction camps.
G. WATER BODIES & WATER POLLUTION
W.G.1
Siltation of Water
Bodies and
Degradation of
Water Quality
The Contractor will not excavate beds of any stream/canals/ any other water body for borrowing earth for
embankment construction.
Contractor will construct silt fencing at the base of the embankment construction for the entire perimeter of
any water body (including wells) adjacent to the RoW and around the stockpiles at the construction sites
close to water bodies. The fencing will be provided prior to commencement of earthwork and continue till
the stabilization of the embankment slopes, on the particular sub-section of the road.
The contractor will also put up sedimentation cum grease traps at the outer mouth of the drains located in
truck lay byes and bus bays which are ultimately entering into any surface water bodies / water channels
with a fall exceeding 1.5 m.
Contractor will ensure that construction materials containing fine particles are stored in an enclosure such
that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby water course.
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Issue Management Measures
W.G.2
Water Pollution
from Construction
Wastes, Fuel &
Lubricants
The Contractor will take all precautionary measures to prevent the wastewater generated during
construction from entering into streams, water bodies or the irrigation system. Contractor will avoid
construction works close to the streams or water bodies during monsoon.
All waste arising from the project is to be disposed off in the manner that is acceptable to the KSPCB.
The PWD will certify that all liquid wastes disposed off from the sites meet the discharge standards.
The contractor will ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, fuel/lubricants storage sites,
vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and refueling sites will be located at least 500 m from rivers
and irrigation canal/ponds.
A minimum distance of any sewage or toilet facility will be 200m from the water course.
All location and lay-out plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment
and will be approved by the PWD.
Contractor will ensure that all vehicle/machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and refueling will
be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground. Oil
interceptors will be provided for vehicle parking, wash down and refueling areas as per the design provided.
In all, fuel storage and refueling areas, if located on agricultural land or areas supporting vegetation, the top
soil will be stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation of such storage.
Contractor will arrange for collection, storing and disposal of oily wastes to the pre-identified disposal sites
(list to be submitted to PWD) and approved by the PWD. All spills and collected petroleum products will
be disposed off in accordance with MoEF and state PCB guidelines.
PWD will certify that all arrangements comply with the guidelines of PCB/ MoEF or any other relevant
laws.
H AIR POLLUTION
W.H.1 Dust Pollution
All vehicles delivering materials to the site shall be adequately covered.
The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the level of dust emissions from crushers/hot mix
plants/batching plant/WMM plant, construction sites involving earthwork by sprinkling of water,
encapsulation of dust source and by erection of screen/barriers.
The contractor shall obtain the necessary consent-to-establish and consent-to-operate for all its plants from
the KSPCB.
All the plants will be sited at least 150m in the downwind direction from the nearest human settlement.
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Issue Management Measures
The contractor will provide necessary monitoring reports to confirm that all plants conform to relevant dust
emission control legislation. The suspended particulate matter value at a distance of 40m from a unit located
in a cluster should be less than 500 g/m3. The contractor shall conduct pollution monitoring at periodic
intervals.
Dust screening vegetation will be planted on the edge of the RoW for all existing roadside crushers. Hot
mix plant will be fitted with dust extraction units.
W.H.2
Air Emission from
Construction
Vehicles,
Equipment and
Machineries
Contractor will ensure that all vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction are regularly
maintained and confirm that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements of PCB.
The Contractor will submit PUC certificates for all vehicles/ equipment/machinery used for the project.
Monitoring results will also be submitted to PWD as per the monitoring plan.
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I. NOISE
W.I.1
Noise Pollution:
Noise from
Vehicles, Plants
and Equipments
The Contractor will confirm the following:
All plants and equipment used in construction shall strictly conform to the MoEF/CPCB noise standards.
All vehicles and equipment used in construction will be fitted with exhaust silencers.
Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be done regularly and during routine servicing
operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced.
Limits for construction equipment used in the project such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete
mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A) (measured at one meter from the
edge of equipment in the free field), as specified in the Environment (Protection) rules, 1986.
Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and up to the satisfaction of the PWD
to keep noise levels at the minimum.
At the construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as crushing,
concrete mixing, batching will be stopped during the night time between 9.00 pm to 6.00 am.
No noisy construction activities will be done around educational institutes/health centers (silence zones) up
to a distance of 100 m from the sensitive receptors i.e., school, health centers and hospital.
Contractor will provide noise barriers (Design of Noise Barrier Provided) to the suggested locations of
select schools/ health centers. List of locations for noise barriers is given in specific EMP.
Monitoring shall be carried out at the construction sites as per the monitoring schedule and results will be
submitted to PWD. PWD will be required to inspect regularly to ensure the compliance of EMP.
Workers in the vicinity of loud noise, and workers working with or in crushing, compaction or concrete
mixing operations shall be provided necessary PPE such as ear plugs and ear muffs.
J. TRANSPORTING MATERIALS
W.J.1
Transporting
Construction
Materials and Haul
Road Management
Contractor will maintain all roads (existing or built for the project), which are used for transporting
construction materials, equipment and machineries. All vehicles delivering fine materials to the site will be
covered to avoid spillage of materials.
All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the contractor or any of his sub-contractor or suppliers
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of materials and similarly roads, which are part of the works, will be kept clear of all dust/mud or other
extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles.
Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling as necessary for dust suppression of all such roads and
surfaces.
The unloading of materials at construction sites in/close to settlements will be restricted to daytime only.
K. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
W.K.1 Accessibility
The contractor will provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from
roadsides and property accesses connecting the project road, providing temporary connecting road.
The contractor will also ensure that the existing accesses will not be undertaken without providing adequate
provisions and to the prior satisfaction of PWD.
The contractor will take care that the cross roads are constructed in such a sequence that construction work
over the adjacent cross roads are taken up one after one so that traffic movement in any given area not get
affected much.
W.K.2
Planning for Traffic
Diversions and
Detours
Temporary diversions will be constructed with the approval of the PWD.
Detailed Traffic Control Plans will be prepared and submitted to the PWD for approval, five days prior to
commencement of works on any section of road. The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary
diversions, traffic safety arrangements for construction under traffic, details of traffic arrangement after
cessation of work each day, safety measures undertaken for transport of hazardous materials and
arrangement of flagmen.
The contractor will provide specific measures for safety of pedestrians and workers at night as a part of
traffic control plans. The contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running
condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow.
The contractor will also inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrian
access arrangements with assistance from PWD. The temporary traffic detours will be kept free of dust by
sprinkling of water three times a day and as required under specific conditions (depending on weather
conditions, construction in the settlement areas and volume of traffic).
W.K.3 Traffic and Safety,
Informatory Signs
The contractor will take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during construction and provide,
erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as proposed in the
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and Hoardings Traffic Control Plan/Drawings and as required by the PWD for the information and protection of traffic
approaching or passing through the section of any existing cross roads.
The contractor will ensure that all signs, barricades, pavement markings are provided as per the MoRTH
specifications. Before taking up of construction on any section of the existing lanes of the highway, a
Traffic Control Plan will be devised and implemented to the satisfaction of the PWD.
The contractor will provide, erect and maintain informatory/safety signs, hoardings written in English and
local language, wherever required or as suggested by the PWD.
L. LABOUR
W.L.1 Labor
Requirements
The contractor preferably will use unskilled labor drawn from local communities to give the maximum
benefit to the local community.
W.L.2
Personal Safety
Measures for
Labour
Contractor will provide:
Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers employed on mixing asphalt materials, cement, and lime mortars, concrete etc.
Welder's protective eye-shields to workers who are engaged in welding works
Protective goggles and clothing to workers engaged in Factories Act, 1948 stone breaking activities and workers will be seated at sufficiently safe intervals
Earplugs to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation.
High visibility overalls particularly when working along the ROW.
Hard hats / helmets when working with materials at heights or working inside trenches. Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site are taken up.
The contractor will comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms,
gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress.
The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as
per the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this
contract.
The contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act,
1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of
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Services) Act, 1996 are adhered to.
The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work and no woman will be
employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form.
The contractor will also ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of
paste or readymade paint.
Contractor will provide facemasks for use to the workers when paint is applied in the form of spray or a
surface having lead paint dry is rubbed and scrapped.
The Contractor will mark ‘hard hat’ and ‘no smoking’ and other ‘high risk’ areas and enforce non-
compliance of use of PPE with zero tolerance. These will be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be
prepared by the Contractor during mobilization and will be approved by PWD.
W.L.3 First Aid
The contractor will arrange for:
A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone
Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital
Equipment and trained nursing staff at construction camp.
M. MISCELLANEOUS
W.M.1 Risk Force Majeure
The contractor will take all reasonable precautions to prevent danger to the workers and public from fire,
flood etc. resulting due to construction activities.
The contractor will make required arrangements so that in case of any mishap all necessary steps can be
taken for prompt first aid treatment. Construction Safety Plan prepared by the Contractor will identify
necessary actions in the event of an emergency.
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App 1200.3 Guidance on Oxbow Lands
General
In rural areas with the realignment of roads, land acquisition is required and “Oxbow”
lands can result from this process. This is the land in between the existing road and the
new alignment. The Government of Kerala owns the land and the PWD Chief Engineer
have delegated authority to use and manage this land in the public interest.
This land can be an opportunity to provide benefits for the road corridor and the
community. Oxbow lands can vary in length ranging from a few metres to a few
kilometers with a variable width of a few metres, which is unlikely to exceed 20 metres.
As land is scarce in Kerala, the remaining Oxbow lands provide an opportunity for public
and private investment to ultimately provide public benefit.
Each parcel of land will differ in size and context and the area suitable for only certain
types of activities. A preliminary needs analysis should be undertaken initially to identify
and establish the feasibility of options. A detailed plan can then be prepared.
Land Use Options
Options for the use of these lands could include:
Traffic and transport related infrastructure - such as vehicle parking bays, lay bys, safety billboards, bus bays, taxi ranks, bus shelters.
Compensatory habitat - to replace trees that may have been removed during construction.
Rest Area Facilities primarily for travelers and include basic facilities such as seating, play area, signage and information.
Comfort stops – these could be larger facilities to provide for recreation, rest, toilet and food facilities.
Commercial Facilities. These would be for primary use by commercial travelers and include petrol.
Local Parkland, Sport and Recreation and Entertainment spaces.
Visual Amenity Improvement - by providing seating, landscaping, lighting, community art and signage.
Public utility purposes including Waste management facilities for collection.
Tourism related activities - such as interpretation centres.
Expand or complement existing adjoining property activities.
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Key Issues and Opportunities
Potential Income Generation: There is potential to generate economic benefit for PWD through the lease, use or disposal of the land. The local municipality may also
have an interest in the land for purchase or lease.
Capital Expenditure: The type of facilities provided will require capital investment. Options to share in costs or for generating income to provide facilities should be
explored with relevant authorities and non-government organisations.
Maintenance Costs: Depending upon the type of activity and the land tenure, the areas may require ongoing expenditure for maintenance by PWD. Self financing
options or income generating activities should be explored where appropriate.
Liaison with other Stakeholders: Consultation with the relevant stakeholders would assist in the decision-making process for the planning, design and operation of the
land. This includes community representatives, concerned authorities such as the
panchayet and non-government organizations.
Encroachments: Signs should clearly state the use of the site and the penalties for encroachment. Encroachment enforcement should be carried out as per the Kerala
Highway Protection Act, 1999.
Guidelines
The development and use of this land should be considered by PWD in road planning,
design, construction and operation phases.
Stage 1: Planning and Site Analysis: Prepare a Concept Plan(s)
Each oxbow land area is to be considered on its merit. A Concept Plan should be
prepared at the same time as planning for the overall road project. Each site should be
assessed before a detailed design is prepared. The Concept Plan can show:
Environmental characteristics of the land including its topography and significant
vegetation or environmental values that should be retained.
Social characteristics of the land including any cultural values associated with the
land, the need for community facilities and services in that specific location.
The relationship of the area land to adjoining areas and the type of uses adjoining the
area.
The size of the land.
Access control and sight distance.
Consider other factors in developing options.
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The size of the area and the demand or need for rest stops or facilities in the area identified (Refer: Tables 1 and 2).
The need to provide compensatory habitat as a result of the road works.
Any impact on personal or property safety for any activities proposed on the site.
The need for tourism facilities, rest stops, local facilities such as parking, bus shelters and laybys.
Funding Sustainability.
This process will assist in deciding the best type of use for the site and the task can be
assigned by an assistant engineer with appropriate training.
Stage 2: Analysis
Based on the information from Stage 1, identify a range options for the use of the area.
Identify Criteria and weight the criteria according to their importance to the area and the
outcomes to the achieved. Each option can then be evaluated against the specified
criteria to select a preferred option. Criteria can include:
Road Safety
Pedestrian Amenity
Public transport use
Transport efficiency
Land use/resource efficiency
Cultural and Social Values
Environmental Values
Viability Sustainable funding or ongoing income generating economic returns.
Stage 3: Design and Implementation:
Prepare detailed design for the selected option on a Site plan/Landscape Plan/Strip
Plan for the area.
Stage 4: Specific Design Guidelines
Species should be planted in accordance with the Guidance for Landscaping Species
unless the land is used for agricultural purposes.
Buildings and structures must comply with relevant IRC Codes, building specifications or
relevant policies.
Safe access and egress should be provided generally using the existing road, which may
require reconfiguration to enhance safety.
Any proposal for facilities will require the preparation of a Planning Report, which
considers the implications of the proposal and also a site map this should include the
following:
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Type of facilities, proposed operation of building, hours of operation
Elevation and orientation of the proposed buildings
A dimensioned plan showing the floor space area, height and relationship to existing buildings
Location and number of parking spaces
Pedestrian access
Signage
Waste disposal facilities
Lighting
Utility connections
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