1201. Environmental Management 1202. Introduction · Air pollution occurs when the air contains...

Kerala PWD Manual Environmental Management

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Section 1200

1201. Environmental Management

1202. Introduction

This chapter describes the various environmental issues associated with the

activities of PWD and provides details of the environmental management measures that

shall be followed.

The objective of environmental management is to enhance the positive environmental

impacts and abate/ mitigate negative environmental impacts of construction activities and

related works. Good environmental management also ensures compliance with all

applicable National, State and Local Environmental legislations.

This chapter provides the following information:

Description of environmental issues relevant to PWD activities

List of applicable legislations at the national, state and local level

Institutional setting pertaining to legislation

Environmental clearance requirements

For regular works, the process to integrate environmental management measures with implementation.

For certain other works requiring further environmental studies prior to implementation, the process for conducting the Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) and developing the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Environmental training & capacity-building

Environmental communication and consultation.

This chapter is supported with Appendices that provide guidance on various

environmental management activities.

1203. Environmental Issues in Roads, Bridges, Buildings and Others

Sustainable development with thrust on environmental protection has become the

cornerstone of the policies, programmes, procedures and practices governing the

development of industrial and infrastructure projects in India. PWD is committed to

prevent or mitigate environmental degradation and to promote the integration of the

environmental concerns in the development projects. The environmental issues to be

considered in all stages of the project are described here

1203.1. Land

Projects involving land disturbance, removal of vegetation and reshaping of

topography make the soil vulnerable to erosion, dust generation and generation of waste

materials. The mitigation measures shall be included in the planning and design stage to

ensure its effective implementation during the project execution. These include:

Compensatory planting.


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Ensure surface is reinstated, smooth and free of encumbrances.

Minimize waste from construction and reuse where possible.

Solid waste shall be placed to minimize intrusion into the carriageway in consultation with local Panchayat and municipal authorities.

Collect similar types of construction waste into common piles and dispose suitably.

Put general litter and waste into special purpose bins or remove to covered designated area and ensure it is contained.

1203.2 Air

Air pollution occurs when the air contains pollutants like gases, dust, fumes or

odour in harmful amounts that affect the health or comfort of humans and animals or

which could cause damage to plants and materials.

The sources of the air pollution in the infrastructure projects include, but not limited to;

Site clearance, transportation of men and materials, construction of temporary accommodations, stock yards, installation of construction plants during the pre

construction stage,

Operation of construction plants such as hot mix plant, concrete batching plant, crusher and wet mix macadam (WMM) plant,

Excavation of foundation, roadway and borrow areas,

Operation of machinery and vehicles,

Construction of roadway, buildings and bridges,

Stock piles of materials With the proper assessment of the degree of pollution from each source, required

mitigation measures and preventive measures can be delineated for the protection of air

quality from further degradation and keep the ambient air pollution levels of the project

area within limits stipulated in National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Some of the

measures for the prevention and mitigation of the air pollution due to the project are:

Selection of project location or preferred alignment and design

Fitting required air pollution control equipment for the machinery, plants and vehicles

With proper periodical maintenance and servicing of the pollution control equipment and the machinery, plant and vehicles

Limited tree cutting, and planting of more trees

Watering of the access roads and approach roads or provide seal coat

Watering of the materials before loading into the plants for reduction of dust generation

Limit the extent of disturbed areas and restore the disturbed areas

1203.3. Water

Water pollution is "the loss of any of the actual or potential beneficial uses of

water caused by any change in its composition due to human activity".

Source of the water pollution and impacts on the water environment include but not

limited to:

Loss of water resources such as relocation of wells, hand pumps, tube wells, loss/ filling part of water bodies and change in the flow pattern of water.


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Pollution of streams due to increase of sediment laden runoff,

Pollution of water sources from the oil spills, disposal of bituminous materials, stockyard of diesel, engine oil, chemicals, bitumen, emulsion etc.,

Disposal of wastewater generated from the temporary living facilities,

Wastewater generated from the operation of plants, cleaning of machinery and equipment,

Wash water from the workshop and washing bay. With the proper characterization and quantification of wastewater from each source,

required treatment facilities can be designed and implemented for the control of water

pollution. Some of the mitigation measures for the prevention and/ mitigation of the

water pollution are:

Controlling the generation of sediment, oil and grease, excess nutrients, organic matter, litter, debris and any form of waste (particularly petroleum and chemical

wastes) from a construction and disallowing these substances into the waterways,

storm water systems or underground water tables. Such materials shall be captured

before they reach drains and waterways by following methods: (i) Cover stockpiles or

spray water to suppress dust, (ii) Store all chemicals, fuels and other hazardous

liquids and solids according to manufacturers specifications within a bunded and

covered area or land depression away from waterways, (iii) Dispose of empty drums

and as soon as possible appropriately or through a licenced contractor or to a licenced

disposal centre and (iv) Water quality management e.g. using sandbags to filter water

and remove sediment and control litter;

Limiting the areas of disturbed land,

Progressively clearing the site in accordance with construction needs and rehabilitate as soon as possible,

Protect drainage lines with sediment basins and silt fences,

Construction of proper sanitation facilities for the disposal of the wastewater generated from the kitchen and toilets.

Construction of proper wastewater treatment facilities for the wastewater generated from the workshops, concrete batching plants, hot mix plants and wet mix macadam

(WMM) plants. Wash out ready-mix concrete agitators and concrete handling

equipment at such facilities. Such treatment plants shall be considered while planning

major infrastructure projects and the treated water shall be recycled and reused for

gardening or irrigation.

Rainwater harvesting shall be done as per Clause 5.5.12 of Part 9 Section I of National building code and the collected water shall be used for gardening, flushing,

firefighting or washing purposes.

1203.4. Noise and Vibration

Noise pollution is unwanted human-created sound that disrupts the environment.

The dominant form of noise pollution in the infrastructure projects is from vehicles,

machinery, equipment, construction plants, construction works and vehicles plying on the

road.


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The noise pollution from the project activities can be reduced with the proper planning

and design of the noise control measures and proper work planning. Some of the noise

control measures for the reduction of the noise from the project are as follows:

Use of quiet equipments, machinery, plant and vehicles available in the market

Proper maintenance of equipment, machinery, plant and vehicles

Installation of machinery with correct foundations to reduce to vibration

Enclosing the noisy equipment

Providing noise attenuation screens, wherever required

Proper planning of the working hours (noise generating activities scheduled for the middle of the day)

1203.5. Flora and fauna

Construction of road, bridges, buildings and other structures may impact flora and

fauna. The degree of the impact varies based on the location, scope and size of the

project. Some of the impacts that occur are:

Cutting of trees

Damage to the aquatic life

Damage to the fauna

Damage to national parks, wild life sanctuaries and reserve forests

Impacts on National Parks

Damage to Biosphere Reserves

Damage to the mangroves With assessment of the nature and scale of impacts on flora and fauna, required

preventive or mitigation measures can be addressed during the planning and design stage.

The damage to the biological environment can be prevented or reduced with the

implementation of preventive or mitigation measures designed during the planning and

design stage. Some of the common mitigation measures are:

Saving the trees as far as possible with proper design and alignment changes and selection of location of the project

With proper work planning during execution for the reduction of disturbance to the aquatic life

Providing proper animal crossings, water crossings, fencing and traffic control measures

Planting tree saplings by (i) providing temporary protective barrier around existing trees for protection during construction works, and (ii) not placing equipment or

excavate within 2 metres of a tree.

1203.6. Cultural Environment

There may be some impacts on the cultural environment due to the infrastructure

project during the pre construction and construction stages. The impact varies from loss

of the part of the property to the total property.

The negative impact on the cultural environment can be prevented by changing the

location of the project and / mitigated by the relocating or modifying the affected


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structure. An important aspect here is the timely and open communication with the

property owners and community by:

Speaking to the local representatives.

Placing a sign in a prominent position. Providing a newsletter to affected people.

1204. Environmental Regulations (National, State and Local)

The various prevailing environmental acts and rules relevant to the PWD

activities are listed here. This includes national Acts & Rules administered by the

Ministry of Environment & Forests, other national legislation that are relevant and state

Acts & Rules.

1204.1. National Level Acts

The following National Legislations are in force in Kerala

The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006

The Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991

National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995

The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

The Biological Diversity Act, 2002

Declaring Coastal Stretches as Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) and Regulating Activities in the CRZ.

The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958

The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996

In Appendix 1200.1, a brief description of these Acts as well as their implementing

agency has been provided.

1204.2. Other national legislation to be followed

In addition to the above detailed legislations, the rules and conditions of the following

Acts/ Legislations have to be followed

Explosives Act, 1884 and Explosive Rules, 1983:

Petroleum Act, 1934 and Petroleum Rules, 2002:

The Mines and Minerals (Regulations and Development) Act, 1957 and rules there under.

In Appendix1200.1, a brief description of these Acts & Rules as well as their

implementing agency has been provided.

1204.3. State Level Legislation and other Acts

The additional legislation, which are to be followed in Kerala, are as follows:

Kerala Forest Act and amendments


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Kerala Forest Rules

Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) Act

Kerala Forest (Vesting & Management of Ecologically Fragile Lands) Act & Rules.

Government Order – Kerala Forest (Vesting & Management of Ecologically Fragile Lands) Rules – Constitution of Tribunal

Kerala Preservation of Trees Act

Kerala Forest Produce Transit Rules

Kerala Restriction on Cutting and Destruction of Valuable Trees Rules.

Forest Settlement Rules

Kerala Captive Elephants (Management and Maintenance)

Kerala Costal Zone Management Authority

In the particular context of the various PWD activities, these legislations should be

reviewed for their relevance in the context of each works / projects that being proposed

for implementation.

1205. Organizations implementing environmental regulations

Strict enforcement of the environmental regulations, legislation, policy guidelines

may impact the project, as many Government agencies are responsible for issuing of

permissions and monitoring of implementation of compliances to the conditions of the

permissions issued. The following agencies would play important roles in the case of

projects.

1205.1. Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)

MoEF is the nodal agency in the administrative structure of the Central

Government, for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and overseeing the

implementation of environmental and forestry programmes. The principal activities

undertaken by Ministry of Environment & Forests, consist of conservation & survey of

flora, fauna, forests and wildlife, prevention & control of pollution, afforestation and

regeneration of degraded areas and protection of environment, in the framework of

legislations.

MoEF has set up regional offices. The regional office for the State of Kerala is located at

Bangalore in the neighbouring state of Karnataka. This office is responsible for collection

and furnishing of information relating to EIA of projects, pollution control measures,

methodology and status, legal and enforcement measures and environmental protection in

special conservation areas such as national parks, sanctuaries, wetlands, and mangroves.

1205.2. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

CPCB is a statutory authority attached to the MoEF and located in New Delhi. The

main functions include the following:

Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and control of water and air pollution,

Plan and execute a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;


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Co-ordinate the activities of the State Board and resolve disputes among them;

Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards;

Plan and organise training of persons engaged in programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;

Organise through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;

Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to water and air pollution;

Lay down, modify or annul emissions and air / water quality standards,

Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines, and

Disseminate information.

1205.3. Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB)

Established in 1974 (renamed to its present name in 1984), KSPCB is entrusted

with the implementation of the Water Act, Water Cess Act Air Act, Public Liability

Insurance Act, Environment (Protection) Act and various rules and notifications under

the same.

Working under the Department of Health & Family Welfare of the Government of

Kerala, KSPCB has its head office at Thiruvananthapuram, regional offices at Ernakulam

and Kozhikode, district offices at Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Pathanamthitta,

Alappuzha, Kottayam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Malappuram and Kannur. KSPCB also has a

central laboratory at Ernakulam and there are laboratories attached to all the field offices.

1205.4. State Department of Science, Technology & Environment

In relation to environmental matters, this State Department performs the functions

similar to the MoEF at the state level. MoEF has delegated certain functions to the State

DoE to oversee. For instance, establishing and ensuring adherence to the State Coastal

Zone Management Plan (CZMP), which is in line with the CRZ Notification, 1991, is a

function of the State DoE. The DoE houses the Coastal Zone Management Authority,

which provides the CRZ clearance after verifying that it is in line with the CZMP.

1205.5. Kerala State Forest Department

The Kerala State Forest Department is responsible for the protection and

managing the notified forests and associated wildlife within the state. The Department is

headed by Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, and is supported by Chief Conservator

of Forests responsible for its various functions. For general administration there are forest

circles headed by Conservators, under their jurisdiction forest Divisions controlled by

Divisional Forest Officers. Each Division is further sub divided by basic units – Forest

Ranges manned by Forest Rangers reporting to the Divisional Forest Officers.


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1206. Environmental and other related clearances

Various environmental, labour and other departmental permissions may be

required for the PWD activities prior to implementation. An indicative list of clearances

and the responsible department / board are included in the following table.

S. No Clearance Department/ Board

1. Environmental Clearance MoEF/ State Department of Science, Technology & Environment / State Pollution Control Board

2. 2 Forestry Clearance Central/ State Forest Department

3. 1 Consent For Establishment and Consent for Operation of

Construction Plants

Kerala State Pollution Control Board

4. 3 Permission for withdrawal of ground water from the regulatory

zones

Central Ground Water Board/ Authority

5. 4 Permission for taking surface water Irrigation Department

6. 5 Labour licence State Labour Department

7. 6 License for Setting up of Diesel Pumps

Department of Explosives

8. 7 Registration of Workers Kerala State Construction Workers Welfare Board

9. 8 Permission for opening of new quarries for aggregates

Department of Mines and Geology

10. 10

PUC Certificate for Vehicles and

Machinery

Road Transport Department

11. 10

Permission for setting up of labour

camps

Local Health Departments and Local Body

Based on the works / projects being done, PWD needs to ensure the necessary clearances

are obtained prior to implementation and the clearance conditions are met during

implementation.

1206.1. Regular works / projects – Standard EMP

In the regular works / projects of the PWD, the environmental issues needs to be

properly and effectively managed. In principle, PWD needs to ensure the following in all

its regular works / projects:

Avoid or minimize tree cutting as far as possible; if tree cutting is unavoidable, make plans for compensatory plantation,

Protect the state ecosensitive areas such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, reserve forests and coastal zones,

Reduce litter, sediment and pollutants entering waterways and the land,

Reduce noise, vibration and air emissions,

Minimise waste and dispose of it appropriately,

Use resources efficiently and reduce energy & material consumption,

Provide the safety of workers, road users and those in the neighbourhood,


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Provide safe, clean and hygiene labour camps, if these are required,

Keep people affected by the construction activities regularly informed.

To operationalise these activities, a standard EMP (Appendix 1200.2) shall form a part of

the PWD standard bid documents / contract agreements and shall be adhered by the

contractor who executes the work. PWD shall strive to ensure that the contractors‟s

activities deliver quality construction without compromising on environmental

performance. The standard EMP applies to the activities in construction site and ancillary

activities such as the transportation of materials, sourcing of material and borrow areas.

The contractor is responsible for ensuring all sub-contractors and any other people

working on the project are aware of environmental issues and are in compliance to the

EMP requirements.

In addition to the standard EMP, there are additional guidance documents such as (i)

Guidance on Oxbow lands – Appendix 1200.3, (ii) Guidance on quarry and borrow area

management – Appendix 1200.4, (iii) Guidance on Landscaping & Tree Species –

Appendix 1200.5 and (iv) Guidance for Public Consultations – Appendix 1200.6.

Wherever applicable, the PWD shall ensure that these guidance documents are used and

measures are in practice. PWD shall provide cross-references to these guidance

documents in the standard bid documents / contract agreements as required.

In the context of the regular works / projects, PWD shall review the standard EMP and

other guidance documents in order to determine whether additional Bill-Of-Quantities

(BOQ) items are necessary to achieve good environmental performance. If required,

PWD shall ensure that these additional BOQ items are included in the standard bid

documents / contract agreements.

Documentary evidence shall be available to demonstrate compliance with the standard

EMP. This can include periodic progress reports, file notes, audit reports, photographs,

minutes of meetings or video. The contractor shall retain in safekeeping for perusal by

the PWD.

Failure to reasonably satisfy and comply with the standard EMP requirements may result

in the contractor receiving partial payment against the contract claims and also a noting in

the contractor‟s performance certificate.

1207. Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) &

preparing Environmental Management Plans (EMP) where required

For certain works / projects, separate environmental impact assessments have to

be conducted. This may be due to the MoEF requirements or funding agency – such as

the World Bank or Asian Development Bank – requirements. This may also be due to the

possible impacts on eco-sensitive areas or due to the large scale environmental impacts

across the state. In all such cases, separate environmental impact assessments (EIAs) will

be conducted and relevant environmental management plans (EMPs) will be prepared.


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EIA is an accepted planning tool, which is integral to project decision-making. The

objective of EIA is to foresee the potential environmental problems that would arise out

of a proposed development and address them in the project's planning and design stage.

EIA integrates the environmental concerns of the project activities right at the time of

initiating for preparing the feasibility report. With this process, the environmental

concerns and mitigation measures can be integrated in project development. The stages

in a typical EIA are as follows: Screening Screening is done to see whether a project requires environmental

clearance as per the statutory notifications.

Scoping Scoping is a process of detailing the terms of reference of EIA.

Baseline Data

Collection

Baseline data describes the existing environmental status of the

identified study area. The site-specific primary data shall be

monitored for the identified parameters and supplemented by

secondary data if available.

Impact Prediction

Impact prediction is a way of „mapping‟ the environmental

consequences of the significant aspects of the project and its

alternatives. Environmental impact can never be predicted with

absolute certainty and there is all the more reason to consider all

possible factors and take all possible precautions for reducing the

degree of uncertainty

Assessment of

Alternatives,

Delineation of

Mitigation Measures

and Environmental

Impact Assessment

Report

Possible alternatives shall be identified and environmental attributes

compared. Alternatives shall cover both project location and process

technologies. Alternatives shall consider „no project‟ option also.

Alternatives shall then be ranked for selection of the best

environmental option for optimum economic benefits to the

community at large.

Once alternatives have been reviewed, a mitigation plan shall be

drawn up for the selected option and is supplemented with an EMP

for the implementation. The EMP is a crucial input to monitoring the

clearance conditions and therefore details of monitoring shall be

included in the EMP.

An EIA report shall provide clear information to the decision-maker

on the different environmental scenarios without the project, with the

project and with project alternatives. Uncertainties shall be clearly

reflected in the EIA report.

Public Hearing

Law requires that the public must be informed and consulted on a

proposed development after the completion of EIA report.

Decision Making

Decision making process involve consultation between the project

proponent (assisted by a consultant) and the impact assessment

authority (assisted by an expert group if necessary)

Monitoring of the

Clearance Conditions

Monitoring shall be done during both construction and operation

phases of a project.

Conducting EIAs and preparing EMPs are studies that are done by external consultants

on behalf of the PWD. Taking into account the particular context of these works /

projects, the PWD shall prepare terms of reference for conducting the EIAs and preparing

the EMPs. PWD shall refer to the EIA Notification 2006 for information on various


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aspects of conducting EIAs, its knowledge of the state and the dimensions of the

proposed works / projects in preparing the terms of reference. The external consultants

will be selected using the Government procurement procedures. Once mobilized, the

external consultants conduct the studies and prepare reports that are to be reviewed and

accepted by the PWD. Based on the report outcomes, the project planning and design

shall be changed so that the environmental impacts are minimized.

EMP is a project specific plan with the following contents:

Table of preventive, mitigation and compensation measures (collectively referred as “management measures”) for all identified significant impacts at the pre-construction,

construction and operational stages of the project; Guidance for preparing the

management measures is included in Appendix 1200.7.

Organisational arrangements, training and capacity-building initiatives required to implement the management measures, and

Work program, time schedule and budgetary estimates.

An EMP may include construction safety management plans for high-risk events or

events with potential for significant environmental damage such as fires, fuel spills or

explosions.

In preparing the EMP, the PWD shall advise the consultants to refer to the Guidance for

preparing project-specific EMPs (Appendix 1200.7) for major projects. This includes a

typical table of management measures that need to be considered. In addition to the

Guidance on preparing project-specific EMPs, there are other guidance documents such

as (i) Guidance on Oxbow lands – Appendix 1200.3, (ii) Guidance on quarry and borrow

area management – Appendix 1200.4, (iii) Guidance on Landscaping & Tree Species –

Appendix 1200.5 and (iv) Guidance for Public Consultations – Appendix 1200.6. PWD

shall provide cross-references to these guidance documents in the project-specific EMPs

and standard bid documents / contract agreements as required.

In the context of these works / projects, PWD – with support from the external

consultants - shall necessarily review the project-specific EMP in order to determine

whether additional BOQ items are necessary to achieve good environmental

performance. If these are required, then PWD shall make sure that BOQ items are

included in the bid / contract documents.

Like other civil works, the project-specific EMP shall form a part of the contract

agreement and shall be implemented by the contractor. Supervision of project-specific

EMP implementation can be carried out by the PWD or given to Supervision Consultants

(SC) based on the PWD capacity and the scale of the project. The contractor has to

prepare his schedule for the physical implementation of the project-specific EMP and

take periodic consent of the supervision authority as stipulated in the project-specific

EMP. PWD has to ensure that the contractor obtains the necessary environmental

clearances and also adheres to the project-specific EMP requirements through the pre-

construction and construction stages.


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After the construction stage is completed, the project-specific EMP will include activities

during the operational phase. PWD shall ensure that these activities and ensure that the

project-specific EMP is complied throughout the project cycle.

1208. Environmental management training & capacity-building

PWD will ensure that the induction and refresher training programmes cover

environmental management as well. PWD‟s Environmental Cell shall develop, establish

and maintain training modules on a variety of environmental subjects that will include the

following:

General awareness module on environmental issues in construction of roads, bridges and buildings;

Skill training on effective environmental planning and designing of roads. This will include issues such as avoidance of ecosensitive areas, minimizing tree-cutting

through proper choice of alignment, arranging for compensatory plantation,

Skill training on good environmental practices in construction camp management. This will include top soil storage, hot mix plant operation, WMM plant operation,

concrete batching plant operation, diesel dispensing station operation, labour camp

management, workshop maintenance, waste management, and general housekeeping.

Skill training on good environmental practices in quarry and borrow management.

Skill training on managing tree cutting, transplantation, compensatory tree plantation and their maintenance, landscaping and oxbow land development.

Skill training on environmental management tools such as EIA, EMP, public / stakeholder consultations and environmental auditing.

Awareness training on environmental laws and their relevance to PWD activities.

PWD shall also identify staff within the Department who have the background or aptitude

or interest or flair for environmental management issues, and develop them as trainers on

environmental management issues. PWD shall organize specific train-the-trainer

programmes for them, and also equip them with the required skills & facilities to

effectively conduct training for other PWD staff.

PWD shall also periodically send its staff to training programmes on environmental

management nationally and internationally.

List of Appendices

The following are the list of appendices pertaining to environment management:

Environmental Regulations (National, State and Local) – Appendix 1200.1

Standard EMP for projects / works – Appendix 1200.2 Guidance on Oxbow lands – Appendix 1200.3

Guidance on quarry and borrow area management – Appendix 1200.4

Guidance on Landscaping & Tree Species – Appendix 1200.5

Guidance for Public Consultations - – Appendix 1200.6 Guidance for preparing project-specific EMP where required – Appendix 1200.7


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Appendix 1200.1 Environmental Regulations (National, State and Local) Management

˜Sl

No.

Name of Act/ Rule Brief description Implementing Agency

1. The Environmental Protection Act, 1986,

and the

Environmental

Impact Assessment

(EIA) Notification,

2006

This includes air, noise and water quality standards and the requirements for the

preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) statements for

developmental projects. Expansion or modernization of any activity shall not

be undertaken in any part of India unless it has been accorded environmental

clearance by the Union Government, in accordance with the procedures

specified in this notification. As per the procedure, anybody who desires to

undertake any project is required to submit a detailed project report, which shall

inter-alia include an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

As per the EIA Notification 2006, (i) new State highways and (ii) expansion of

State highways greater than 30 km involving additional right of way greater

than 20m involving land acquisition are classified as Category „B‟ projects.

Also, (i) buildings ≥20000 sq.mtrs and


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1981 (respectively) Empowered for conduct of public hearing of all projects including road

projects.

Kerala State Pollution

Control Board

3. The Public Liability

Insurance Act, 1991

An Act to provide for public liability insurance for the purpose of providing

immediate relief to the persons affected by accident occurring while handling

any hazardous substance (defined under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986

and exceeding such quantity as may be specified by notification by the central

Government.) and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Kerala State Pollution

Control Board

4. The National Environment

Tribunal Act, 1995

An Act to provide for strict liability for damages arising out of any accident

occurring while handling any hazardous substance and for the establishment of

a National Environment Tribunal for effective and expeditious disposal of cases

arising from such accident, with a view to giving relief and compensation for

damages to persons, property and the environment and for matters connected

therewith or incidental thereto.

Ministry of Environment

& Forests

5. The National Environment

Appellate Authority Act,

1997

An Act to provide for the establishment of a National Environment Appellate

Authority to hear appeals with respect to restriction of areas in which any

industries, operations or processes or class of industries, operations or processes

shall not be carried out or shall be carried out subject to certain safeguards

under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and for matters connected

therewith or incidental thereto.


& Forests

6. The Forest (Conservation)

Act, 1980

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 pertains to the cases of diversion of forest

area and felling of roadside plantation. Depending on the size of the tract to be

cleared, clearances are applied for at the following levels of government:

Restrictions and clearance procedure proposed in the Forest (Conservation) Act

applies wholly to the natural forest areas, even in case the protected/designated

forest area does not have any vegetation cover.

Area of forests to be cleared or diverted exceeds 40ha (or, 10ha in hilly area) Ministry of Environment

and Forests

Area of forest to be cleared or diverted is less than 40ha. Chief Conservator of

Forests or Conservator of

Forests of the concerned

Regional Office of the


and Forests.


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7. The Wildlife (Protection)

Act, 1972

Establish a number of National Parks and Sanctuaries, to protect and conserve

the flora and fauna.


& Forests

8. The Biological Diversity

Act, 2002

An Act to provide for conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its

components and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use

of biological resources, knowledge and for matters connected therewith or

incidental thereto.

To develop national strategies, plans, programmes for the conservation and

promotion and sustainable use of biological diversity including measures for

identification and monitoring of areas rich in biological resources, promotion of

in situ, and ex situ, conservation of biological resources, incentives for research,

training and public education to increase awareness with respect to biodiversity.


& Forests

9. Coastal Regulation

Zone (CRZ) and Regulating

Activities in CRZ.

(Notification)

Coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which

are influenced by tidal action (in the landward side) upto 500 metres from the

High Tide Line (HTL) and the land between the Low Tide Line (LTL) and the

HTL as Coastal Regulation Zone; and imposes restrictions on the setting up and

expansion of industries including construction of infrastructure projects,

operations or processes, etc. in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ).


& Forests

Kerala Science

Technology &

Environment Department

10. The Motor Vehicles Act,

1988

Enforce standards for prevention and control of vehicular pollution . The

authority also checks emission standards of registered vehicles, collects road

taxes, and issues licenses Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUC)

programme to control vehicular emissions.

State Transport Authority

11. The Ancient Monuments ,

Archaeological Sites and

Remains Act, 1958

According to this Act, area within radii of 100m and 300m from the “protected

property” are designated as “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively.

No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is

permitted in the “protected `area” and development activities likely to damage

the protected property are not permitted in the “controlled area”.

1. Archaeological Survey

of India (ASI) if the

site/remains/ monuments

are protected by ASI

2. State Department of

Archaeology if these are

protected by the State

12. The Building and other

Construction Workers

(Regulation of Employment

and Conditions of Service)

All the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work

and employ 10 or more workers are covered under this Act. All such

establishments are required to pay cess at rate not exceeding 2% of the cost of

construction as may be notified by the Government. The employer of the

The employer to whom

the Act applies has to

obtain a registration

certificate from the


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Act 1996

establishment is required to provide safety measures at the Building or

Construction work and other welfare measures, such as Canteens, First-aid

facilities, Ambulance, Housing accommodation for workers near the workplace

etc..

Registering Officer

appointed by the

Government

13. Explosives Act, 1884 and

Explosive Rules, 1983

An act, to regulate manufacture, possession, use, sale, transport, import and

export of explosives.

Central Government

(Department of

Explosives)

14. Petroleum Act, 1934 and

Petroleum Rules, 2002

An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the import, transport,

storage, production, refining and blending of petroleum.

Central Government

15. The Mines and Minerals

(Regulations and

Development) Act, 1957 and

rules there under

An Act and rules to provide for the regulation of mines and the development of

minerals to be followed for the extraction of the sand and aggregates through

mining.

State Government


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Appendix 1200.2 Standard EMP for Projects / Works

S. No. Environmental

Issue Management Measures

A. INITIAL JOINT VERIFICATION

W.A.1

Initial Joint Field

Verification for

modifying contract

documents

The PWD and the Contractor will carry out joint field verification to ascertain the possibility to saving

trees, environmental and community resources.

The verification exercise should assess the need for additional protection measures or changes in

design/scale/nature of protection measures including the efficacy of enhancement measures suggested in the

EMP. Proper documentation and justifications/reasons shall be maintained in all such cases where deviation

from the original EMP is proposed.

W.A.2

Relocation of

Community

Utilities &

Common Property

Resources.

All community utilities and properties i.e., water supply lines, sewer lines, bank buildings, health centers,

schools, health clinics and veterinary hospitals will be relocated before construction starts, on any section of

the project corridor. The PWD will relocate these properties in consultation and written agreement with the

agency/ owner/community. The schools and health centers will be constructed as per the relevant state

norms.

All other community property resources within the corridor of impact such as hand pumps, ponds, grazing

lands etc. will be relocated.

The relocation sites for these schools will be identified in accordance with the choice of the community.

Environmental considerations with suitable/required actions including health and hygiene aspects will be

kept in mind while relocating all community utilities and resources.

All religious property resources such as shrines, temples and mosques within the project zone will be

relocated.

Sites for the relocation of these religious structures will be identified in accordance with the choice of the

community. The NGO and PWD in consultation with local people will finalize design of these temples. As

far as possible, the architectural elements of the structure should be conserved/reflected/translated into the

design of new structures.

The entire process (i.e. selection of relocation sites and designs) will be under supervision of the PWD. The

relocation will be completed before the construction starts in these sites.

W.A.3 Cultural properties The contractor shall take necessary care to ensure no impact on cultural properties such as (i) historic sites

and remains, (ii) places of worship including temples, mosques, churches and shrines, (iii) graveyards and


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monuments and other important structures as identified during the design.

As per design, if there are works that impact these cultural properties, the contractor shall execute the works

in close co-ordination with the PWD and the local community.

B. FLORA & FAUNA

W.B.1 Preservation of

Trees

All efforts will be made to preserve trees including evaluation of minor design adjustments/alternatives (as

applicable) to save trees. Specific attention will be given for protecting giant trees, green tunnels and locally

important trees (religiously important etc.).

Tree cutting is to proceed only after all the legal requirements including attaining of In-principle and

Formal Clearances from the Forest Dept./DoEF/MoEF are completed and subsequently a written order is

issued to the Contractor.

Particular species declared as ‘protected’ by the State’s Forest Dept. in the private land will be felled only

after due clearance from the Forest Dept. is obtained.

In the event of design changes, additional assessments including the possibility to save trees shall be made.

Stacking, transport and storage of the wood will be done as per the relevant norms.

Systematic corridor level documentation for the trees cut and those saved will be maintained by the PWD.

The contractor will adhere to the separate PWD Guidance on landscaping and tree species.

W.B.2 Compensatory

Plantation

The contractor will undertake compensatory plantation for every tree cut. The plantation will be at least 2

trees planted for every tree cut.

The contractor will do the plantation along the ROW wherever feasible.

Minimum 80 percent survival rate of the saplings will be acceptable otherwise the contractor will replace

dead plants at his own cost. The contractor will maintain the plantation till they handover the project site to

PWD.

The PWD will inspect regularly the survival rate of the plants and compiance to agreed plans.

W.B.3 Clearing and

Grubbing

Vegetation will be removed from the construction zone before commencement of construction. All works

will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora other than those identified for cutting is

minimal.

Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works will

be removed with prior approval from the PWD.

The contractor, under any circumstances will not cut or damage trees. Trees identified under the project will


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be cut only after receiving clearance from the Forest Dept./DoEF/MoEF (as applicable) and after the receipt

of PWD’s written permission in this regard.

Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm will be considered as trees and shall be compensated, in the event

of PWD’s instruction to undertake tree cutting.

W.B.4 Fauna and wildlife The contractor shall ensure that none of its workers adversely affect any fauna or wildlife. Hunting will be

strictly prohibited.

C. BORROW AREAS & QUARRIES

W.C.1 Borrow Areas

Finalizing borrow areas for borrowing earth and all logistic arrangements as well as compliance to

environmental requirements, as applicable, will be the sole responsibility of the contractor.

The Contractor will not start borrowing earth from select borrow area until the formal agreement is signed

between land owner and contractor and a copy is submitted to the PWD.

Locations finalized by the contractor shall be reported to the PWD and who will in turn report to PWD.

Format for reporting will be as per the Reporting Format for Borrow Area and will include a reference map.

Planning of haul roads for accessing borrow materials will be undertaken during this stage. The haul roads

shall be routed to avoid agricultural areas as far as possible and will use the existing village roads wherever

available.

In addition to testing for the quality of borrow materials, the PWD will be required to inspect every borrow

area location prior to approval (follow criteria for evaluation of borrow areas).

Contractor shall adhere to the separate Guidelines on Borrow area management.

W.C.2 Quarrying

Contractor shall acquire material only from approved and licensed quarries. If contractor intends to develop

a new quarry, then all the approvals and licenses must be obtained prior to withdrawing material from the

quarry. Contractor shall adhere to the separate Guidelines on quarry management.

D. CONSTRUCTION CAMP

W.D.1

Arrangements for

Temporary Land

Requirement

The contractor as per prevalent rules will carry out negotiations with the landowners for obtaining their

consent for temporary use of lands for construction sites/hot mix plants/traffic detours/borrow areas etc.

The PWD will be required to ensure that the clearing up of the site prior to handing over to the owner (after

construction or completion of the activity) is included in the contract.

W.D. 2 Crushers, hot-mix

plants and Batching

Hot mix plants and batching plants will be sited sufficiently away from settlements and agricultural

operations or any commercial establishments. Such plants will be located at least 150 m away from the


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Plants Location nearest village/settlement preferably in the downwind direction.

The Contractor shall submit a detailed lay-out plan for all such sites and approval of PWD shall be

necessary prior to their establishment.

Arrangements to control dust pollution through provision of wind screens, sprinklers, dust encapsulation

will have to be provided at all such sites.

Specifications of crushers, hot mix plants and batching plants will comply with the requirements of the

relevant current emission control legislations and Consent/NOC for all such plants shall be submitted to the

PWD.

The Contractor shall not initiate plant/s operation till the required legal clearances are obtained and

submitted.

W.D.3

Other Construction

Vehicles,

Equipment and

Machinery

All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured for construction will confirm to the relevant Bureau

of India Standard (BIS) norms. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection

Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to.

Noise limits for construction equipments to be procured such as compactors, rollers, front loaders concrete

mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A), measured at one meter from the

edge of the equipment in free field, as specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

The Contractor shall maintain a record of PUC for all vehicles and machinery used during the contract

period.

W.D.4 Arrangement for

Construction Water

The contractor will use ground water as a source of water for the construction and will set up the own bore

well facility for construction work.

Contractor can use the ponds, which are not in use by community or identified to fill up for the project, but

in that case, before using any pond water contractor will obtain written consent from the owner and submit

to PWD.

To avoid disruption/disturbance to other water users, the contractor will extract water from fixed locations

and consult the PWD before finalizing the locations.

The Contractor will provide a list of locations and type of sources from where water for construction will be

used.

The contractor will not be allowed to pump from any irrigation canal and surface water bodies used by

community.

The contractor will need to comply with the requirements of the State Ground Water Department and seek


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their approval for doing so and submit copies of the permission to PWD prior to initiating the works.

Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period at his own

costs. The Contractor will submit a list of source/s from where water will be used for the project to PWD.

The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the wastage of water in the construction process/

operation.

W.D.5 Potable water for

labour

The Contractor will also provide potable water facilities within the precincts of every workplace in an

accessible place, as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of

Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.

The contractor will also guarantee the supply of sufficient quantity of potable water (as per IS) in every

workplace/labor camp site at suitable and easily accessible places and regular maintenance of such

facilities.

E. CONSTRUCTION WASTES

W.E.1

Generation of

Debris from

dismantling

structures and road

surface

Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing road will be suitably reused in the proposed

construction, subject to the suitability of the materials and approval of the PWD as follows:

The sub grade of the existing pavement shall be used as embankment fill material.

The existing base and sub-base material shall be recycled as sub-base of the haul road or access roads

The existing bitumen surface may be utilized for the paving of cross roads, access roads and paving works

in construction sites and campus, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes etc.

The contractor will suitably dispose off unutilized debris materials either through filling up of borrow areas

located in wasteland or at pre-designated disposal locations, subject to the approval of the PWD.

At locations identified for disposal of residual bituminous wastes, the disposal will be carried out over a 60

mm thick layer of rammed clay so as to eliminate the possibility of leaching of wastes into the ground

water. The contractor will ensure that the surface area of such disposal pits is covered with a layer of soil.

All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and

clearing debris, will be considered incidental to the work and will be planned and implemented by the

contractor as approved and directed by the PWD.

The pre-designed disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be

prepared by Contractor in consultation and with approval of PWD.


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Debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall be disposed such that it does not

flow into the surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the area.

The contractor shall identify dumping sites. The identified locations will be reported to the PWD. These

locations will be checked on site and accordingly approved by PWD prior to any disposal of waste

materials.

W.E.2 Other Construction

Wastes Disposal

The pre-identified disposal locations will be a part of Waste Disposal to be prepared by the Contractor in

consultation and with approval of PWD. Location of disposal sites will be finalized prior to completion of

the earthworks on any particular section of the road.

The PWD will approve these disposal sites after conducting a joint inspection on the site with the

Contractor.

Contractor will ensure that any spoils of material unsuitable for embankment fill will not be disposed off

near any water course, agricultural land, and natural habitat like grass lands or pastures. Such spoils from

excavation can be used to reclaim borrow pits and low-lying areas located in barren lands along the project

corridors (is so desired by the owner/community).All waste materials will be completely disposed and the

site will be fully cleaned and certified by PWD before handing over.

The contractor at its cost shall resolve any claim, arising out of waste disposal or any non-compliance that

may arise on account of lack of action on his part.

F. SOIL & DRAINAGE

W.F.1

Stripping, stocking

and preservation of

top soil

The top soil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered will be stripped to a specified

depth of 150 mm and stored in stockpiles. A portion of the temporarily acquired area and/or Right of Way

will be earmarked for storing topsoil. The locations for stock piling will be pre-identified in consultation

and with approval of PWD. The following precautionary measures will be taken to preserve them till they

are used:

(a) Stockpile will be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and height of

the pile is restricted to 2 m. To retain soil and to allow percolation of water, the edges of the pile will be

protected by silt fencing.

(b) Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a minimum

to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or vegetation.

(c) It will be ensured by the contractor that the top soil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before


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stripping or when in stockpiles.

Such stockpiled topsoil will be utilized for -

Covering all disturbed areas including borrow areas (not those in barren areas)

Top dressing of the road embankment and fill slopes

Filling up of tree pits, in the median and

In the agricultural fields of farmers, acquired temporarily. Residual topsoil, if there is any will be utilized for the plantation at median and side of the main

carriageway.

W.F.2 Landslides Along landslide prone areas in hilly terrain, the slopes need to be stablised. As drainage is most critical at

these locations, proper drainage needs to be constructed at these locations.

W.F.3 Drainage and Flood

Control

Contractor will ensure that no construction materials like earth, stone, ash or appendage disposed off so as

not to block the flow of water of any water course and cross drainage channels.

Contractor will take all necessary measures to prevent the blockage of water flow. In addition to the design

requirements, the contractor will take all required measures as directed by the PWD to prevent temporary or

permanent flooding of the site or any adjacent area.

Proper drainage should be arranged in the construction camps.

G. WATER BODIES & WATER POLLUTION

W.G.1

Siltation of Water

Bodies and

Degradation of

Water Quality

The Contractor will not excavate beds of any stream/canals/ any other water body for borrowing earth for

embankment construction.

Contractor will construct silt fencing at the base of the embankment construction for the entire perimeter of

any water body (including wells) adjacent to the RoW and around the stockpiles at the construction sites

close to water bodies. The fencing will be provided prior to commencement of earthwork and continue till

the stabilization of the embankment slopes, on the particular sub-section of the road.

The contractor will also put up sedimentation cum grease traps at the outer mouth of the drains located in

truck lay byes and bus bays which are ultimately entering into any surface water bodies / water channels

with a fall exceeding 1.5 m.

Contractor will ensure that construction materials containing fine particles are stored in an enclosure such

that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby water course.


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W.G.2

Water Pollution

from Construction

Wastes, Fuel &

Lubricants

The Contractor will take all precautionary measures to prevent the wastewater generated during

construction from entering into streams, water bodies or the irrigation system. Contractor will avoid

construction works close to the streams or water bodies during monsoon.

All waste arising from the project is to be disposed off in the manner that is acceptable to the KSPCB.

The PWD will certify that all liquid wastes disposed off from the sites meet the discharge standards.

The contractor will ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, fuel/lubricants storage sites,

vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and refueling sites will be located at least 500 m from rivers

and irrigation canal/ponds.

A minimum distance of any sewage or toilet facility will be 200m from the water course.

All location and lay-out plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment

and will be approved by the PWD.

Contractor will ensure that all vehicle/machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and refueling will

be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground. Oil

interceptors will be provided for vehicle parking, wash down and refueling areas as per the design provided.

In all, fuel storage and refueling areas, if located on agricultural land or areas supporting vegetation, the top

soil will be stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation of such storage.

Contractor will arrange for collection, storing and disposal of oily wastes to the pre-identified disposal sites

(list to be submitted to PWD) and approved by the PWD. All spills and collected petroleum products will

be disposed off in accordance with MoEF and state PCB guidelines.

PWD will certify that all arrangements comply with the guidelines of PCB/ MoEF or any other relevant

laws.

H AIR POLLUTION

W.H.1 Dust Pollution

All vehicles delivering materials to the site shall be adequately covered.

The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the level of dust emissions from crushers/hot mix

plants/batching plant/WMM plant, construction sites involving earthwork by sprinkling of water,

encapsulation of dust source and by erection of screen/barriers.

The contractor shall obtain the necessary consent-to-establish and consent-to-operate for all its plants from

the KSPCB.

All the plants will be sited at least 150m in the downwind direction from the nearest human settlement.


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The contractor will provide necessary monitoring reports to confirm that all plants conform to relevant dust

emission control legislation. The suspended particulate matter value at a distance of 40m from a unit located

in a cluster should be less than 500 g/m3. The contractor shall conduct pollution monitoring at periodic

intervals.

Dust screening vegetation will be planted on the edge of the RoW for all existing roadside crushers. Hot

mix plant will be fitted with dust extraction units.

W.H.2

Air Emission from

Construction

Vehicles,

Equipment and

Machineries

Contractor will ensure that all vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction are regularly

maintained and confirm that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements of PCB.

The Contractor will submit PUC certificates for all vehicles/ equipment/machinery used for the project.

Monitoring results will also be submitted to PWD as per the monitoring plan.


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Aspect/Issue Management Measures

I. NOISE

W.I.1

Noise Pollution:

Noise from

Vehicles, Plants

and Equipments

The Contractor will confirm the following:

All plants and equipment used in construction shall strictly conform to the MoEF/CPCB noise standards.

All vehicles and equipment used in construction will be fitted with exhaust silencers.

Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be done regularly and during routine servicing

operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced.

Limits for construction equipment used in the project such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete

mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A) (measured at one meter from the

edge of equipment in the free field), as specified in the Environment (Protection) rules, 1986.

Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and up to the satisfaction of the PWD

to keep noise levels at the minimum.

At the construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as crushing,

concrete mixing, batching will be stopped during the night time between 9.00 pm to 6.00 am.

No noisy construction activities will be done around educational institutes/health centers (silence zones) up

to a distance of 100 m from the sensitive receptors i.e., school, health centers and hospital.

Contractor will provide noise barriers (Design of Noise Barrier Provided) to the suggested locations of

select schools/ health centers. List of locations for noise barriers is given in specific EMP.

Monitoring shall be carried out at the construction sites as per the monitoring schedule and results will be

submitted to PWD. PWD will be required to inspect regularly to ensure the compliance of EMP.

Workers in the vicinity of loud noise, and workers working with or in crushing, compaction or concrete

mixing operations shall be provided necessary PPE such as ear plugs and ear muffs.

J. TRANSPORTING MATERIALS

W.J.1

Transporting

Construction

Materials and Haul

Road Management

Contractor will maintain all roads (existing or built for the project), which are used for transporting

construction materials, equipment and machineries. All vehicles delivering fine materials to the site will be

covered to avoid spillage of materials.

All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the contractor or any of his sub-contractor or suppliers


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of materials and similarly roads, which are part of the works, will be kept clear of all dust/mud or other

extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles.

Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling as necessary for dust suppression of all such roads and

surfaces.

The unloading of materials at construction sites in/close to settlements will be restricted to daytime only.

K. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

W.K.1 Accessibility

The contractor will provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from

roadsides and property accesses connecting the project road, providing temporary connecting road.

The contractor will also ensure that the existing accesses will not be undertaken without providing adequate

provisions and to the prior satisfaction of PWD.

The contractor will take care that the cross roads are constructed in such a sequence that construction work

over the adjacent cross roads are taken up one after one so that traffic movement in any given area not get

affected much.

W.K.2

Planning for Traffic

Diversions and

Detours

Temporary diversions will be constructed with the approval of the PWD.

Detailed Traffic Control Plans will be prepared and submitted to the PWD for approval, five days prior to

commencement of works on any section of road. The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary

diversions, traffic safety arrangements for construction under traffic, details of traffic arrangement after

cessation of work each day, safety measures undertaken for transport of hazardous materials and

arrangement of flagmen.

The contractor will provide specific measures for safety of pedestrians and workers at night as a part of

traffic control plans. The contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running

condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow.

The contractor will also inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrian

access arrangements with assistance from PWD. The temporary traffic detours will be kept free of dust by

sprinkling of water three times a day and as required under specific conditions (depending on weather

conditions, construction in the settlement areas and volume of traffic).

W.K.3 Traffic and Safety,

Informatory Signs

The contractor will take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during construction and provide,

erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as proposed in the


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and Hoardings Traffic Control Plan/Drawings and as required by the PWD for the information and protection of traffic

approaching or passing through the section of any existing cross roads.

The contractor will ensure that all signs, barricades, pavement markings are provided as per the MoRTH

specifications. Before taking up of construction on any section of the existing lanes of the highway, a

Traffic Control Plan will be devised and implemented to the satisfaction of the PWD.

The contractor will provide, erect and maintain informatory/safety signs, hoardings written in English and

local language, wherever required or as suggested by the PWD.

L. LABOUR

W.L.1 Labor

Requirements

The contractor preferably will use unskilled labor drawn from local communities to give the maximum

benefit to the local community.

W.L.2

Personal Safety

Measures for

Labour

Contractor will provide:

Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers employed on mixing asphalt materials, cement, and lime mortars, concrete etc.

Welder's protective eye-shields to workers who are engaged in welding works

Protective goggles and clothing to workers engaged in Factories Act, 1948 stone breaking activities and workers will be seated at sufficiently safe intervals

Earplugs to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation.

High visibility overalls particularly when working along the ROW.

Hard hats / helmets when working with materials at heights or working inside trenches. Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site are taken up.

The contractor will comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms,

gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress.

The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as

per the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this

contract.

The contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act,

1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of


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Services) Act, 1996 are adhered to.

The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work and no woman will be

employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form.

The contractor will also ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of

paste or readymade paint.

Contractor will provide facemasks for use to the workers when paint is applied in the form of spray or a

surface having lead paint dry is rubbed and scrapped.

The Contractor will mark ‘hard hat’ and ‘no smoking’ and other ‘high risk’ areas and enforce non-

compliance of use of PPE with zero tolerance. These will be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be

prepared by the Contractor during mobilization and will be approved by PWD.

W.L.3 First Aid

The contractor will arrange for:

A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone

Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital

Equipment and trained nursing staff at construction camp.

M. MISCELLANEOUS

W.M.1 Risk Force Majeure

The contractor will take all reasonable precautions to prevent danger to the workers and public from fire,

flood etc. resulting due to construction activities.

The contractor will make required arrangements so that in case of any mishap all necessary steps can be

taken for prompt first aid treatment. Construction Safety Plan prepared by the Contractor will identify

necessary actions in the event of an emergency.


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164

App 1200.3 Guidance on Oxbow Lands

General

In rural areas with the realignment of roads, land acquisition is required and “Oxbow”

lands can result from this process. This is the land in between the existing road and the

new alignment. The Government of Kerala owns the land and the PWD Chief Engineer

have delegated authority to use and manage this land in the public interest.

This land can be an opportunity to provide benefits for the road corridor and the

community. Oxbow lands can vary in length ranging from a few metres to a few

kilometers with a variable width of a few metres, which is unlikely to exceed 20 metres.

As land is scarce in Kerala, the remaining Oxbow lands provide an opportunity for public

and private investment to ultimately provide public benefit.

Each parcel of land will differ in size and context and the area suitable for only certain

types of activities. A preliminary needs analysis should be undertaken initially to identify

and establish the feasibility of options. A detailed plan can then be prepared.

Land Use Options

Options for the use of these lands could include:

Traffic and transport related infrastructure - such as vehicle parking bays, lay bys, safety billboards, bus bays, taxi ranks, bus shelters.

Compensatory habitat - to replace trees that may have been removed during construction.

Rest Area Facilities primarily for travelers and include basic facilities such as seating, play area, signage and information.

Comfort stops – these could be larger facilities to provide for recreation, rest, toilet and food facilities.

Commercial Facilities. These would be for primary use by commercial travelers and include petrol.

Local Parkland, Sport and Recreation and Entertainment spaces.

Visual Amenity Improvement - by providing seating, landscaping, lighting, community art and signage.

Public utility purposes including Waste management facilities for collection.

Tourism related activities - such as interpretation centres.

Expand or complement existing adjoining property activities.


165

Key Issues and Opportunities

Potential Income Generation: There is potential to generate economic benefit for PWD through the lease, use or disposal of the land. The local municipality may also

have an interest in the land for purchase or lease.

Capital Expenditure: The type of facilities provided will require capital investment. Options to share in costs or for generating income to provide facilities should be

explored with relevant authorities and non-government organisations.

Maintenance Costs: Depending upon the type of activity and the land tenure, the areas may require ongoing expenditure for maintenance by PWD. Self financing

options or income generating activities should be explored where appropriate.

Liaison with other Stakeholders: Consultation with the relevant stakeholders would assist in the decision-making process for the planning, design and operation of the

land. This includes community representatives, concerned authorities such as the

panchayet and non-government organizations.

Encroachments: Signs should clearly state the use of the site and the penalties for encroachment. Encroachment enforcement should be carried out as per the Kerala

Highway Protection Act, 1999.

Guidelines

The development and use of this land should be considered by PWD in road planning,

design, construction and operation phases.

Stage 1: Planning and Site Analysis: Prepare a Concept Plan(s)

Each oxbow land area is to be considered on its merit. A Concept Plan should be

prepared at the same time as planning for the overall road project. Each site should be

assessed before a detailed design is prepared. The Concept Plan can show:

Environmental characteristics of the land including its topography and significant

vegetation or environmental values that should be retained.

Social characteristics of the land including any cultural values associated with the

land, the need for community facilities and services in that specific location.

The relationship of the area land to adjoining areas and the type of uses adjoining the

area.

The size of the land.

Access control and sight distance.

Consider other factors in developing options.


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The size of the area and the demand or need for rest stops or facilities in the area identified (Refer: Tables 1 and 2).

The need to provide compensatory habitat as a result of the road works.

Any impact on personal or property safety for any activities proposed on the site.

The need for tourism facilities, rest stops, local facilities such as parking, bus shelters and laybys.

Funding Sustainability.

This process will assist in deciding the best type of use for the site and the task can be

assigned by an assistant engineer with appropriate training.

Stage 2: Analysis

Based on the information from Stage 1, identify a range options for the use of the area.

Identify Criteria and weight the criteria according to their importance to the area and the

outcomes to the achieved. Each option can then be evaluated against the specified

criteria to select a preferred option. Criteria can include:

Road Safety

Pedestrian Amenity

Public transport use

Transport efficiency

Land use/resource efficiency

Cultural and Social Values

Environmental Values

Viability Sustainable funding or ongoing income generating economic returns.

Stage 3: Design and Implementation:

Prepare detailed design for the selected option on a Site plan/Landscape Plan/Strip

Plan for the area.

Stage 4: Specific Design Guidelines

Species should be planted in accordance with the Guidance for Landscaping Species

unless the land is used for agricultural purposes.

Buildings and structures must comply with relevant IRC Codes, building specifications or

relevant policies.

Safe access and egress should be provided generally using the existing road, which may

require reconfiguration to enhance safety.

Any proposal for facilities will require the preparation of a Planning Report, which

considers the implications of the proposal and also a site map this should include the

following:


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Type of facilities, proposed operation of building, hours of operation

Elevation and orientation of the proposed buildings

A dimensioned plan showing the floor space area, height and relationship to existing buildings

Location and number of parking spaces

Pedestrian access

Signage

Waste disposal facilities

Lighting

Utility connections

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