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History of Architecture (WS 14/15)
13.10. Neolithic settlements and the architecture of the Near East 20.10. Introduction to architectural survey 27.11. Egypt 03.11. Greek Architecture I 10.11. Greek Architecture II + Roman Architecture I 17.11. Roman Architecture II 24.11. Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture 01.12. Romanesque Architecture 08.12. Gothic Architecture 15.12. Architecture of Islam 22.12. - 29.12 - 05.01. Renaissance Architecture 12.01. Baroque Architecture 19.01. Architecture of the 18. /19. th century 26.01. Architecture of the 19. /20. th century 03.02. - 09.02. exam SR1 ZHG please check in January!
Metamorphosis of the pagan Roman Empire to the Christian Byzantine Empire
2nd century AD increasing prosecution of Christians in the roman empire
284-305 AD Tetrarchy under Diocletian
306-337 AD sole leadership under Constantine I
313 AD toleration of Christianity by Constantine Edict of Milan
324.AD Constantine decides to make his capital in Byzantium (Constantinopolis)
527-565 AD reign of Justinian the Great
1453 AD Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror
Tetrarchy (starting with Diocletian, 284)
- division of power and responsibility between four:
- two emperors (Augusti) and two junior partners (Caesars)
- the Empire is divided in east and west
Trier, palace of Constantius Chlorus
Spalato (Split), palace of Diocletian
Spalato (Split), palace of Diocletian, beginning of 4th century AD
Residences of the tetrarchs
combined palace with administrative functions
Spalato (Split), Palace of Diocletian Mausoleum of Diocletian, Beg. 4th century AD
Mausoleum
Trier, palace of Constantius Chlorus, ca. 310 AD Aula Regia
Aula Regia
Trier, palace of Constantius Chlorus, ca. 310 AD Aula Regia
Trier, palace of Constantius Chlorus, ca. 310 AD Aula Regia
Constantine I
Constantinopolis
Inauguration as capital in 330 AD
migration period 300 700 AD
Last expansion of the roman empire at the period of Justinian I. 527 565
Buildings of the early
Christian congregations
Dura-Europos Christian Community House shortly after 200 and c. 230
Rome, Catacomb of Calixtus, established before 217 AD
Crypt of the popes
Loculi (burial places)
and place for memorial services
martyrium the grave of a martyr and witness for Christ and the faith
Public cult practice and pilgrimage
Rome
martyrium of St. Peter,
Shrine of St. Peter,
late 2nd century AD
Rome, statue of Constantin from the basilica of Maxentius
Tetrarchy: competitive situation between tetrarchs, seeking for sole power.
Emergence of Constantine I as sole emperor after defeating the usurper Maxentius in 312 and the Caesar Licinius in 324.
313 AD Edict of Milan
official recognition and open favour of Christianity
Constantinian church building
-313 AD edict of Milano
-Increasing number of Christians
gathering of huge congregations
-Christian Building goes public
What types of buildings are used?
-Liturgy becomes more uniform
Development of standards for equipment and architectural elements
Rome, Maxentius basilica, beg. after 307, finished by Constantin after 313
Pompeii, Forum basilica 78 BC
Bema chancel part of a greek church
Ambo pulpit
Synthronon benches reserved for the clergy
Mensa / Altar
Narthex transverse vestibule
Baptisterium
clerestoryapseS. Lorenzo (c. 330)
San Giovanni in Laterano (c. 313)
apse
nave
nave
lateral/ side aisle
lateral/ side aisle
lateral/ side aisle
lateral/ side aisle
apse
S. Lorenzo fuori le mura (early 4th c.) Basilica and underground memorial
Earliest churches of the basilica-type / the bishops church and churches of pilgramage and burial
Rome, Lateran Basilica, 312/313 AD
Rome, old St.-Peter ca. 319-322 AD
naveap
se
narthex
atrium
trans
ept
lateral/ side aislelateral/ side aisle
lateral/ side aislelateral/ side aisle
clerestory
nave
Rome, old St.-Peter ca. 319-322 AD
Atrium
Bethlehem, nativity chrurch, around 330 AD
Jerusalem, Golgotha Church on the site of Christs grave holy sepulchre beg. 325/26
Rome Pantheon 100 - 125 AD.
Spalato (Split) Diocletianspalast Mausoleum of Diocletian 4th c. AD
Romuliana (Gamzigrad, Serbia) Mausoleum Of Galerius 306 - 11
Rom, St. Constanza, around 350 Mausoleum of Constantina, daughter of Constantin Central-plan building
Resafa Tetraconch ( before 553)
Church buildings of central plan before Justinian, (model: Constantinopolis, Apostoleion)
Seleucia-Pieria Martyrion (late 5th c.)
Bosra Cathedral (512)
Qalat Semaan (Syria), monastery of S. Simeon Beginning of 5th century AD
Rom, Santa Maria Maggiore, 432 - 40
Rom Santa Sabina 422 - 32
The byzantine empire during Justinian (around 565)
Building activity under Justinian the Great
527-565 After Justinian: independent development of the west
Constantinople, Hagioi Sergios und Bakchos (527 536) central-plan building
Hagia Sophia in the time of Constantine (hypothetical Reconstruction), 360
Constantinople, Hagia Sophia 532 537
Constantinople, Hagia Sophia 532 537
Constantinople
Hagia Sophia 532 537
Constantinople Hagia Sophia 532 537
Rome Pantheon 100 - 125
Constantinople
Hagia Sophia 532 537
Rom, Bath of Diocletian, 298 - 306
Constantinople Hagia Sophia 532 537
Rome Pantheon 100 - 125
Constantinople Hagia Irene, 532 564 Domed basilica after 740 extension
Constantinople Hagia Sophia 532 537
Constantinople Hagia Irene, 532 564 Domed basilica after 740 extension
Ephesos St. Johns church 565 finished
Ravenna, San Vitale, around 530 547
Central-Plan Buildung
Constantinople
Hagioi Sergios and Bakchos 527 536
Rome
St. Constanza around 350
Rome
Pantheon 100 - 125
Ravenna
San Vitale 530 - 547
Ravenna, San Apollinare in Classe, M. 6. century.
Rom Santa Sabina 422 - 32
Ravenna, San Apollinare in Classe, M. 6. century.
Aachen, Royal Chapel/ Palatine Chapel Karls des Groen (Charlemagne) 794 - 800
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